Early life tobacco exposure and children's telomere length: The HELIX project.

Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content are considered biomarkers of cellular aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation, but there is almost no information on their association with tobacco smoke exposure in fetal and early life. The aim of this study was to assess whether prenatal and childhood tobacco exposure were associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in children. As part of a multi-centre European birth cohort study HELIX (Human Early-Life Exposome) (n = 1396) we assessed maternal smoking status during pregnancy through questionnaires, and through urinary cotinine levels that were then used to classify women as not exposed to smoking (<10 µg/L), exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) (10-50 µg/L) and active smokers (>50 µg/L). When the children were around 8 years of age (range: 5.4-12.0 years), childhood SHS tobacco smoke exposure was assessed through an extensive questionnaire and through measurements of urinary cotinine (<3.03 µg/L non-detected, >3.03 µg/L detected). Leukocyte mtDNA content and LTL were measured in the children at 8 years employing real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Effect estimates were calculated using multivariate linear regression models for prenatal and childhood exposures adjusted for potential confounders. Maternal cotinine levels indicative of SHS exposure during pregnancy were associated with a decrease of 3.90% in LTL in children (95% CI: -6.68, -0.91), compared with non-smoking, whereas the association for maternal cotinine levels indicative of active smoking did not reach statistical significance (-3.24%; 95% CI: -6.59, 0.21). Childhood SHS tobacco exposure was not associated with LTL in children. Global SHS exposure during childhood was associated with an increase of 3.51% (95% CI: 0.78, 6.27) in mtDNA content. Our findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy, even at SHS levels, may accelerate telomere shortening in children and thus induce biological aging from an early age.

Burnout syndrome and its prevalence in primary care nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: burnout syndrome is a significant problem in nursing professionals. Although, the unit where nurses work may influence burnout development. Nurses that work in primary care units may be at higher risk of burnout. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment in primary care nurses. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Scielo, Proquest, CUIDEN and LILACS databases up to September 2017 to identify cross-sectional studies assessing primary care nurses' burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory were included. The search was done in September 2017. RESULTS: After the search process, n = 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total sample of n = 1110 primary care nurses. High emotional exhaustion prevalence was 28% (95% Confidence Interval = 22-34%), high depersonalization was 15% (95% Confidence Interval = 9-23%) and 31% (95% Confidence Interval = 6-66%) for low personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: Problems such as emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment are very common among primary care nurses, while depersonalization is less prevalent. Primary care nurses are a burnout risk group.

Glomerulonefritis lúpica y otras glomerulopatías autoinmunes / Lupus glomerulonephritis and other autoimmune glomerulonephritis

La glomerulonefritis es un término empleado para expresar la proliferación e inflamación endocapilar del glomérulo renal, que clínicamente puede manifestarse de numerosas formas e incluso permanecer asintomática. En su etiología se encuentran múltiples mecanismos, como la participación de microorganismos y parásitos, aunque es destacable el mecanismo autoinmune en el que se identifican varios componentes del sistema inmune, entre ellos el sistema del complemento. Un ejemplo de este último mecanismo es la glomerulonefritis secundaria al Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES), que ha sido objeto de investigación en los últimos años, y en la que se han hecho importantes avances en cuanto al descubrimiento de nuevas moléculas implicadas en el proceso etiopatogénico. Esto ha conseguido abrir una puerta a nuevas terapias que reduzcan la mortalidad y mejoren la calidad de vida. Se ha revisado la fisiopatología, clínica, diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamientos, incluyendo los emergentes, en cuanto a glomerulonefritis haciendo hincapié en la glomerulonefritis lúpica y otras glomerulonefritis de mecanismo igualmente autoinmune.

Actinomicosis hepática. Presentación de un caso y algunas consideraciones / Hepatic actinomycosis. Presentation of a case and some considerations

Se presenta un caso de actinomicosis hepática en una mujer de 48 años con antecedentes de haber sido operada de absceso gigante de la pared abdominal y de usar dispositivo intrauterino hacía 10 años. Se describen los hallazgos clínicos de laboratorio y de histopatología. Se revisa la incidencia, localización, origen, patogénesis, clínica y diagnóstico. Se enfatiza en la terapéutica y los medios diagnósticos más utilizados en el momento actual