New species of Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from Chile.

Nine new species of Oecophoridae are described from central and southern Chile: Corita morai Urra, Encolia flava Urra, Endrosis apablazai Urra, Gildita versicolora Urra, Glorita nahuelbutensis Urra, Nagehana maulina Urra, Nagehana parvula Urra, Pirquelia vidali Urra, Zulemita chimbarongensis Urra. Diagnostic characteristics, geographic distribution data, photographs of adults and illustrations of the genital structures of males and females are provided.

Biogeographical Patterns of Herbivore Arthropods Associated with Chenopodium quinoa Grown along the Latitudinal Gradient of Chile.

Identifying the particular guilds of herbivore arthropods that affect the production of crops is key to developing sustainable pest-management strategies; however, there is incomplete information about the identity of herbivore arthropods that could potentially damage the production of both highland and lowland quinoa landraces grown in Chile. By both reviewing the literature and conducting field collections across a large latitudinal gradient, we generated an updated list of 43 herbivore arthropods associated with quinoa production in Chile. In general, most species are polyphagous feeders, and only seven are specialists. The number and identity of species varied in relation with the latitude, such that four distinctive assemblages of herbivores were identified, each containing 32, 27, 34, and 22 species between latitudes 18-26, 26-32, 32-40, and 40-44° S, respectively. The most northern production area (18-26° S) is affected by nine unique species, including the major quinoa pest Eurysacca quinoae Povolný (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Similarly, the central area (32-40° S) contains four unique species, including Eurysacca media Povolný (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Orthotylus flavosparsus (Sahlberg) (Hemiptera: Miridae). The particular species assemblages described here will help further development of local pest-management practices.

Dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Is it useful in patient with permanent atrial fibrillation?

In patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implant indication, a single-chamber device is the choice because AF does not provide interesting information for the treatment. It is very unusual to find patients with permanent AF that coexist with atrial tachycardia with various degree of Atrioventricular block.

MAMI registration report 1996-2010.

BACKGROUND: To summarize the results of MAMI registration and compare them to other national and foreign records published. METHODS: Observational, prospective and multicenter study based on a wide source of data incoming from 50 Intensive Care Units in Spain during 15 years, from April 1996 to December 2010. Demographic, clinical, etiological and electrocardiographic (ECG) variables were collected before pacemaker implantation. Type of intervention, electrical measurement at implantation, model and serial number of devices and electrodes as well as early complications (before hospital discharge) were also recorded. RESULTS: During this period 31766 interventions have been reported: 24643 first implants (77.6%) and 7123 replacements (22.4). The total number of patients is lower than interventions because some of them were included as first implants and as replacements after years. In first implant the average age, clinical signs, ECG disorders and pacing modes were described. Data collected in device replacement interventions were average age, pacing modes and cause for replacement. 45% of implanted devices were endowed with rate control algorithm. In last 3 years increased to 82.4%. From 1996 to 2010 we have seen a decline in VVI(R) pacing mode in favor to DDD(R) mode. AAI(R) and VDD(R) modes have remained invariable. Finally, we show data on early complications and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: MAMI registration is a valid tool for recording the activity of pacemaker implantation. It showed variations and trends of pacing modes and algorithms along the years. Data is recorded separately for men and women so they can be compared.

Cardiac 'resynchronization' by a left lateral accessory pathway.

We present the case of a 21 year-old woman with unremarkable medical history except for tachycardia episodes. The ECG showed a delta wave pre-excitation by a left lateral pathway. One radiofrequency pulse temporarily terminated the accessory pathway conduction, revealing a nodal conduction with complete left bundle branch block.

T wave oversensing and low percentage of biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

The success of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) depends on a high percentage of ventricular pacing. We present the electrocardiography and electrograms of a patient who underwent an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with CRT implantation showing a low percentage of ventricular pacing as a result of T wave oversensing of paced QRS. The patient showed no clinical improvement. We suggest finding a good sensitivity of F waves in induced ventricular fibrillation during ICD implantation in order to overcome the harm of possible oversensing.

DLGS97/SAP97 is developmentally upregulated and is required for complex adult behaviors and synapse morphology and function.

The synaptic membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffolding protein family is thought to play key roles in synapse assembly and synaptic plasticity. Evidence supporting these roles in vivo is scarce, as a consequence of gene redundancy in mammals. The genome of Drosophila contains only one MAGUK gene, discs large (dlg), from which two major proteins originate: DLGA [PSD95 (postsynaptic density 95)-like] and DLGS97 [SAP97 (synapse-associated protein)-like]. These differ only by the inclusion in DLGS97 of an L27 domain, important for the formation of supramolecular assemblies. Known dlg mutations affect both forms and are lethal at larval stages attributable to tumoral overgrowth of epithelia. We generated independent null mutations for each, dlgA and dlgS97. These allowed unveiling of a shift in expression during the development of the nervous system: predominant expression of DLGA in the embryo, balanced expression of both during larval stages, and almost exclusive DLGS97 expression in the adult brain. Loss of embryonic DLGS97 does not alter the development of the nervous system. At larval stages, DLGA and DLGS97 fulfill both unique and partially redundant functions in the neuromuscular junction. Contrary to dlg and dlgA mutants, dlgS97 mutants are viable to adulthood, but they exhibit marked alterations in complex behaviors such as phototaxis, circadian activity, and courtship, whereas simpler behaviors like locomotion and odor and light perception are spared. We propose that the increased repertoire of associations of a synaptic scaffold protein given by an additional domain of protein-protein interaction underlies its ability to integrate molecular networks required for complex functions in adult synapses.

Síndrome extrapiramidal inducido por neurolépticos / Extrapiramidal Syndrome induced by neuroleptics

Los psicofármacos son medicamentos que por determinar efectos significativos sobre las funciones psíquicas se utilizan en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales. De ellos los neurolépticos se caracterizan por ser fármacos antipsicóticos por excelencia y por provocar manifestaciones extrapiramidales. Con el objetivo de realizar una valoración del comportamiento del síndrome extrapiramidal inducido por neurolépticos se realizó un estudio descriptivo tomando como universo de trabajo los 55 pacientes con trastornos mentales ingresados en las Salas E y C de larga estadía del Hospital Psiquiátrico Docente Provincial Antonio Guiteras Holmes, en el período comprendido de enero a marzo del 2004. La muestra quedó conformada por aquellos pacientes que tenían indicado neurolépticos en su tratamiento. Se utilizó como instrumento para obtener la información requerida las historias clínicas, realizándose una valoración de diferentes variables necesarias para el estudio, entre ellas: conocer el tratamiento neuroléptico, determinar el número de pacientes que presentaron reacciones extrapiramidales, tipo de manifestación extrapiramidal y la conducta asumida ante la misma. Posteriormente se realizó una comparación del consumo del trihexifenidilo antes y después de las nuevas indicaciones fármaco-epidemiológicas. Para el análisis de los resultados se confeccionaron tablas que dan respuesta a los objetivos planteados. Un gran porciento de los pacientes tenían indicado neuroléptico . Aparecen reacciones extrapiramidales agudas en un escaso número de ellos. La más frecuente fue la distonía aguda. La conducta asumida fue la sedación con ansiolíticos y antihistamínicos e iniciar el tratamiento con trihexifenidilo según la susceptibilidad de los pacientes. El consumo de trihexifenidilo en el cuarto trimestre del 2003 estaba elevado en 1823 tabletas y disminuyó en el primer trimestre del 2004 a una cantidad de 447...(AU)

Síndrome extrapiramidal inducido por neurolépticos / Extrapiramidal Syndrome induced by neuroleptics

Los psicofármacos son medicamentos que por determinar efectos significativos sobre las funciones psíquicas se utilizan en el tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales. De ellos los neurolépticos se caracterizan por ser fármacos antipsicóticos por excelencia y por provocar manifestaciones extrapiramidales. Con el objetivo de realizar una valoración del comportamiento del síndrome extrapiramidal inducido por neurolépticos se realizó un estudio descriptivo tomando como universo de trabajo los 55 pacientes con trastornos mentales ingresados en las Salas E y C de larga estadía del Hospital Psiquiátrico Docente Provincial Antonio Guiteras Holmes, en el período comprendido de enero a marzo del 2004. La muestra quedó conformada por aquellos pacientes que tenían indicado neurolépticos en su tratamiento. Se utilizó como instrumento para obtener la información requerida las historias clínicas, realizándose una valoración de diferentes variables necesarias para el estudio, entre ellas: conocer el tratamiento neuroléptico, determinar el número de pacientes que presentaron reacciones extrapiramidales, tipo de manifestación extrapiramidal y la conducta asumida ante la misma. Posteriormente se realizó una comparación del consumo del trihexifenidilo antes y después de las nuevas indicaciones fármaco-epidemiológicas. Para el análisis de los resultados se confeccionaron tablas que dan respuesta a los objetivos planteados. Un gran porciento de los pacientes tenían indicado neuroléptico . Aparecen reacciones extrapiramidales agudas en un escaso número de ellos. La más frecuente fue la distonía aguda. La conducta asumida fue la sedación con ansiolíticos y antihistamínicos e iniciar el tratamiento con trihexifenidilo según la susceptibilidad de los pacientes. El consumo de trihexifenidilo en el cuarto trimestre del 2003 estaba elevado en 1823 tabletas y disminuyó en el primer trimestre del 2004 a una cantidad de 447...