Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Therapeutic Hypothermia.

The relation between glucose homeostasis and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and their correlation to outcome in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are unclear. In this short communication, we tried to determine whether changes in regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in asphyxiated neonates during therapeutic hypothermia correlate with the glycemic profile and whether NIRS and continuous glucose monitoring are useful in identifying cooled asphyxiated neonates at high risk of brain injury. Although there was no correlation between blood glucose and CBF in this small cohort of asphyxiated neonates (13 neonates admitted to the IRCCS Giannina Gaslini NICU in Genoa between March and September 2021), after 24 h of life, increased rSO2 and glucose variability with a tendency toward hyperglycemia distinguished neonates who subsequently acquired brain injury from those who did not. As a result of this, it may be possible to monitor cerebral perfusion and metabolic changes as soon as possible after delivery in order to prevent poorer outcomes.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Glycoconjugated LDH Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents.

Conjugation of known biologically active molecules to carbohydrate frameworks represents a valuable option for the preparation of hybrid, structurally-related families of compounds with the aim of modulating their biological response. Therefore, we present here a study on the preparation of d-galacto, d-manno, d-gluco, and d-lactose glycoconjugates of an established N-hydroxyindole-based (NHI) inhibitor of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH). Structural variations involved the sugar stereochemistry and size as well as the anchoring point of the NHI on the carbohydrate frame (either C-1 or C-6). In the case of the galactose anomeric glycoconjugate (C-1), intriguing solvent-dependent effects were observed in the glycosylation stereochemical outcome. The biological activity of the deprotected glycoconjugates in contrasting lactate formation and cancer cell proliferation are described.

The association between the early motor repertoire and language development in term children born after normal pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of the early motor repertoire is a widely used method for assessing the infant's neurological status. AIM: To determine the association between the early motor repertoire and language development. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: 22 term children born after normal pregnancy; video recorded for the assessment of the early motor repertoire including their motor optimality score (MOS), according to Prechtl, at 3 and 5months post term. OUTCOME MEASURES: At 4years 7months and 10years 5months, we tested the children's language performance by administering three tests for expressive language and two for receptive language. RESULTS: Smooth and fluent movements at 3months of age was associated with better expressive language outcome at both 4years 7months and 10years 5months (betas 0.363 and 0.628). A higher MOS at 5months was associated with better expressive language at both ages (betas 0.486 and 0.628). The item postural patterns at 5months was the only aspect associated with poorer expressive language outcome (beta -0.677). CONCLUSION: Predominantly, qualitative aspects of the early motor repertoire at the age of 3 and 5months are associated with language development.