Immune dysregulation and pathophysiology of alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a clinical-pathologic entity caused by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. The disease includes a broad spectrum of anomalies at the cellular and tissual level that can cause acute-on-chronic (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer) injury, having a great impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is metabolized mainly in the liver. During alcohol metabolism, toxic metabolites, such as acetaldehyde and oxygen reactive species, are produced. At the intestinal level, alcohol consumption can cause dysbiosis and alter intestinal permeability, promoting the translocation of bacterial products and causing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the liver, perpetuating local inflammation during the progression of ALD. Different study groups have reported systemic inflammatory response disturbances, but reports containing a compendium of the cytokines and cells involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, from the early stages, are difficult to find. In the present review article, the role of the inflammatory mediators involved in ALD progression are described, from risky patterns of alcohol consumption to advanced stages of the disease, with the aim of understanding the involvement of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ALD.

Spiritual well-being and quality of life are impaired in chronic urticaria.

SUMMARY: Background. Patients with chronic urticaria (CU) often report an impaired quality of life (QoL). Although a positive effect of addressing spirituality in health care has been proved in several chronic diseases, its potential role in CU has received no attention. Objective. We aim to evaluate spirituality and QoL in CU subjects. Methods. In a single-centre observational study, 100 CU subjects were investigated using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12) scale, Chronic Urticaria Quality of life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) and Urticaria Control Test (UCT). Results. Of 100 subjects, 82 were female and 18 were male. It was observed that subjects with poorly controlled CU presented FACIT Sp-12 meaning/peace (p = 0.004) significantly lower, and CU-Q2oL (p less than 0.0001) significantly higher (worst QoL) than subjects with controlled CU. There was no difference in the FACIT Sp-12 faith (p = 0.43) between groups. There was moderate direct correlation between FACIT Sp-12 faith and FACIT Sp-12 meaning/peace (r = 0.483; p less than 0.0001; n = 100). There was a significant strong inverse correlation between the CU-Q2oL and the UCT (r = - 0.762; p less than 0.0001; n = 100). No correlation was found between the FACIT Sp-12 faith and CU-Q2oL, neither with UCT. Conclusions. No study has ever investigated the role of spirituality in managing patients with urticaria. Our findings support the impact of poorly controlled urticaria in spiritual well-being and QoL. Therefore, clinicians should pay more attention to spirituality among CU patients. We suggest that urticaria guidelines should include specific recommendations on spirituality assessment.

Ecophysiological Performance of Proteaceae Species From Southern South America Growing on Substrates Derived From Young Volcanic Materials.

Southern South American Proteaceae thrive on young volcanic substrates, which are extremely low in plant-available phosphorus (P). Most Proteaceae exhibit a nutrient-acquisition strategy based on the release of carboxylates from specialized roots, named cluster roots (CR). Some Proteaceae colonize young volcanic substrates which has been related to CR functioning. However, physiological functioning of other Proteaceae on recent volcanic substrates is unknown. We conducted an experiment with seedlings of five Proteaceae (Gevuina avellana, Embothrium coccineum, Lomatia hirsuta, L. ferruginea, and L. dentata) grown in three volcanic materials. Two of them are substrates with very low nutrient concentrations, collected from the most recent deposits of the volcanoes Choshuenco and Calbuco (Chile). The other volcanic material corresponds to a developed soil that exhibits a high nutrient availability. We assessed morphological responses (i.e., height, biomass, and CR formation), seed and leaf macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations and carboxylates exuded by roots. The results show that G. avellana was less affected by nutrient availability of the volcanic substrate, probably because it had a greater nutrient content in its seeds and produced large CR exuding carboxylates that supported their initial growth. Embothrium coccineum exhibited greater total plant height and leaf P concentration than Lomatia species. In general, in all species leaf macronutrient concentrations were reduced on nutrient-poor volcanic substrates, while leaf micronutrient concentrations were highly variable depending on species and volcanic material. We conclude that Proteaceae from temperate rainforests differ in their capacity to grow and acquire nutrients from young and nutrient-poor volcanic substrates. The greater seed nutrient content, low nutrient requirements (only for G. avellana) and ability to mobilize nutrients help explain why G. avellana and E. coccineum are better colonizers of recent volcanic substrates than Lomatia species.

Impacto clínico del estroncio y del zinc en los procesos de regeneración ósea y del cartílago, aproximación desde la biología hacia la clínica. Revisión de literatura / Clinical impact of strontium and zinc on bone and cartilage regeneration processes, an approach from biology to the clinic. Literature review

Muchos trastornos sistémicos como la artritis o la osteoporosis son patologías responsables de las alteraciones crónicas de la articulación temporomandibular, creando así un problema a largo plazo que afectan la calidad de vida de aquellas personas que las padecen. Actualmente no existe tratamiento curativo para dichas patologías, aunque sí de tipo paliativo, que en muchas ocasiones tienen efectos secundarios en el tiempo o una limitación en su efectividad y eficacia, por lo que se hace necesario buscar alternativas con la implementación de terapias regenerativas para el tratamiento de aquellas enfermedades que afectan el sistema musculoesquelético. En muchos estudios se discute sobre el papel fundamental que cumple el zinc y el estroncio en la génesis de tejido tanto cartilaginoso como óseo, así como la relevancia de incorporarlos con diversos biomateriales en procedimientos de regeneración, sin embargo, este tema no es claro aún y requieren más aten- ción por parte del clínico. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la función cumplen el zinc y el estroncio en los procesos de regeneración del hueso y el cartílago desde una visión molecular y celular aplicada a la práctica clínica, con el fin de obtener nuevas alternativas en el tratamiento de diversas patologías y alteraciones musculoesqueléticas que mejoren las condiciones de salud oral de los pacientes, además de, contar con la revisión que nos aproxime a comprender los mecanismos de acción de diferentes moléculas que incorporadas a los biomateriales compatibles con el tejido duro y blando mejoren las condiciones biológicas para la regeneración.

Many systemic disorders such as arthritis or osteoporosis are pathologies responsible of temporomandibular joint chronic dysfunctions, thus creating a long-term problem that affects life ́s quality of those who suffer from them. Currently there is no curative treatment for these pathologies, although there is a palliative treatment, which in many cases have side effects over time or a limitation in their effectiveness and efficacy, so it is necessary to look for alternatives with the implementation of regenerative therapies for treatment of those diseases that affect musculoskeletal system. In many studies the fundamental role of zinc and strontium in genesis of both cartilaginous and bone tissue is discussed, as well as the relevance of incorporating them with various biomaterials in regeneration procedures, however, this issue is not clear yet and requires more attention from the clinician. The objective of this article is to determine function of zinc and strontium in regeneration processes of bone and cartilage from a molecular and cellular perspective applied to clinical practice, in order to obtain new alternatives in the treatment of various pathologies and musculoskeletal alterations that improve the oral health conditions of patients. In addition, this review brings us closer to understanding the mechanisms of action of different molecules that when incorporated into biomaterials compatible with hard and soft tissue improve the biological conditions for the regeneration.

[Claudication, functional outcomes and quality of life in primary total hip arthroplasty with minimally invasive anterolateral approach]. / Claudicación, resultados funcionales y calidad de vida en artroplastía total de cadera primaria con abordaje anterolateral mínimamente invasivo.

INTRODUCTION: The coxarthrosis has incidence of 88 cases per 100,000 people/year and symptomatic prevalence of 16% men and 6% women aged 65-74 years and increases with age. It is a growing public health disease. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become the most successful procedure to increase the quality of life of patients with coxarthrosis. Our objective was to determine the claudication, quality of life and functional results of THA through minimal invasive approach in patients with primary coxarthrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study in patients with unilateral primary coxarthrosis postop of THA with minimally invasive approach from March 2015-February 2016, each patient was analyzed with quality of Life instrument (WOMAC), Functional test for coxarthrosis (HHS) and functional test in patients with hip surgery (OHS) with follow-up of one year. RESULTS: We included 21 patients, 17 female and 4 males corresponding to 80.95% and 19.05% respectively, average age of 59.95 years (ED = 9.64), with excellent functional results to one year according to HHS and OHS, quality of life high in 100% of cases according to WOMAC, with claudication rate of 4.76%. DISCUSSION: The minimal invasive approach is a reproducible surgical technique, with excellent functional results, low claudication rate and high quality of life in postoperative patients of primary ATC at only one year of follow-up.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La coxartrosis tiene incidencia de 88 casos por 100,000 personas/año y prevalencia sintomática de 16% para hombres y 6% para mujeres en edades de 65-74 años e incrementa con la edad. Representa una enfermedad de salud pública que va en aumento, la mujer es quien presenta padecimiento más grave. La ATC (artroplastía total de cadera) se ha convertido en el procedimiento más exitoso para mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con coxartrosis. OBJETIVO: Determinar la claudicación, calidad de vida y resultados funcionales de la ATC mediante abordaje mínimo invasivo en pacientes con coxartrosis primaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en pacientes con coxartrosis primaria unilateral postoperados de ATC primaria con técnica mínimamente invasiva en el período comprendido de Marzo de 2015 a Febrero de 2016, se analizó a cada paciente con somatometría, calidad de vida (WOMAC), funcionalidad en pacientes con coxartrosis (HHS) y funcionalidad en pacientes con cirugía de cadera (OHS) de manera prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica con seguimiento a un año. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes, 17 femeninos y cuatro masculinos que corresponde a 80.95 y 19.05%, respectivamente, edad promedio de 59.95 años (DE = 9.64), con resultados funcionales excelentes a un año, según escalas de HHS y OHS, calidad de vida alta en 100% de los casos según WOMAC, con índice de claudicación bajo de 4.76%. DISCUSIÓN: El abordaje mínimo invasivo es una técnica quirúrgica reproducible con resultados funcionales excelentes, índice de claudicación baja y alta calidad de vida en pacientes postoperados de ATC primaria durante el primer año de seguimiento.

Correlação entre as contagens de reticulócitos manual e automática em amostras de felinos anêmicos / Correlation between manual and automatized values of reticulocyte count in anemic feline samples

O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar os valores de reticulócitos pontilhados e agregados obtidos por metodologia manual com a metodologia automática de contagem de reticulócitos totais em amostras de sangue de gatos anêmicos, analisados em um contador hematológico com citometria de fluxo. Para isso, 40 amostras de sangue de pacientes felinos anêmicos, independentemente de idade e sexo, foram utilizadas para a determinação das contagens absolutas de reticulócitos totais pela metodologia automatizada por citometria de fluxo fluorescente e pela técnica manual com corante supravital, em duplicata. Na contagem manual, houve a discriminação entre reticulócitos pontilhados e agregados. Para a correlação entre os métodos, foi realizada a análise de regressão de Passing-Bablok. A média do hematócrito dos gatos foi de 15,25%, tendo a maioria dos gatos (32,5%) apresentado anemia moderada (hematócrito = 17,81%). Como resultados, a análise de regressão demonstrou que a correlação entre a contagem absoluta total automática foi superior à contagem manual de reticulócitos agregados (rho= 0,71; P<0,001) do que a contagem absoluta de reticulócitos pontilhados (rho= 0,68; P<0,001). Os resultados apresentados sugerem que a contagem de reticulócitos total absoluta realizada pelo analisador hematológico ProCyte Dx em gatos anêmicos se refere à contagem absoluta de reticulócitos. Dessa maneira, recomenda-se que os valores possam ser utilizados para a avaliação imediata da condição hematológica de gatos anêmicos.(AU)

The aim of this study was to correlate the punctate and aggregated reticulocytes values obtained by manual methodology and the automatic reticulocyte count in 40 blood samples from anemic cats. Total reticulocyte absolute counts were determined by automated fluorescence flow cytometry and manual methods in 40 blood samples obtained from anemic cats. The manual count was obtained by supravital stain in duplicate to each sample and the reticulocyte morphology were discriminated between punctate and aggregates reticulocytes. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was utilized to compare the methods. Most samples were from anemic cat (15,25%) and the hematocrit mean was 17,81%. Regression analysis showed that the correlation between the absolute total automatic counts is higher with aggregated reticulocytes (rho= 0,71; P< 0,001) than with absolute punctate reticulocytes counts (rho= 0, 68, P< 0.001). Results suggest that the ProCyte Dx reticulocytes count in anemic cats is correlated with aggregate reticulocyte count. Thus, the greater amount of RNA and organelles in aggregate reticulocytes generates a cellular complexity and, therefore, greater impregnation of the dye in an automatic count. Thus, the values obtained by the hematologic instrument can be used for the immediate evaluation of the hematological condition in anemic cats.(AU)

Correlação entre as contagens de reticulócitos manual e automática em amostras de felinos anêmicos / Correlation between manual and automatized values of reticulocyte count in anemic feline samples

O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar os valores de reticulócitos pontilhados e agregados obtidos por metodologia manual com a metodologia automática de contagem de reticulócitos totais em amostras de sangue de gatos anêmicos, analisados em um contador hematológico com citometria de fluxo. Para isso, 40 amostras de sangue de pacientes felinos anêmicos, independentemente de idade e sexo, foram utilizadas para a determinação das contagens absolutas de reticulócitos totais pela metodologia automatizada por citometria de fluxo fluorescente e pela técnica manual com corante supravital, em duplicata. Na contagem manual, houve a discriminação entre reticulócitos pontilhados e agregados. Para a correlação entre os métodos, foi realizada a análise de regressão de Passing-Bablok. A média do hematócrito dos gatos foi de 15,25%, tendo a maioria dos gatos (32,5%) apresentado anemia moderada (hematócrito = 17,81%). Como resultados, a análise de regressão demonstrou que a correlação entre a contagem absoluta total automática foi superior à contagem manual de reticulócitos agregados (rho= 0,71; P<0,001) do que a contagem absoluta de reticulócitos pontilhados (rho= 0,68; P<0,001). Os resultados apresentados sugerem que a contagem de reticulócitos total absoluta realizada pelo analisador hematológico ProCyte Dx em gatos anêmicos se refere à contagem absoluta de reticulócitos. Dessa maneira, recomenda-se que os valores possam ser utilizados para a avaliação imediata da condição hematológica de gatos anêmicos.(AU)

The aim of this study was to correlate the punctate and aggregated reticulocytes values obtained by manual methodology and the automatic reticulocyte count in 40 blood samples from anemic cats. Total reticulocyte absolute counts were determined by automated fluorescence flow cytometry and manual methods in 40 blood samples obtained from anemic cats. The manual count was obtained by supravital stain in duplicate to each sample and the reticulocyte morphology were discriminated between punctate and aggregates reticulocytes. Passing-Bablok regression analysis was utilized to compare the methods. Most samples were from anemic cat (15,25%) and the hematocrit mean was 17,81%. Regression analysis showed that the correlation between the absolute total automatic counts is higher with aggregated reticulocytes (rho= 0,71; P< 0,001) than with absolute punctate reticulocytes counts (rho= 0, 68, P< 0.001). Results suggest that the ProCyte Dx reticulocytes count in anemic cats is correlated with aggregate reticulocyte count. Thus, the greater amount of RNA and organelles in aggregate reticulocytes generates a cellular complexity and, therefore, greater impregnation of the dye in an automatic count. Thus, the values obtained by the hematologic instrument can be used for the immediate evaluation of the hematological condition in anemic cats.(AU)

Claudicación, resultados funcionales y calidad de vida en artroplastía total de cadera primaria con abordaje anterolateral mínimamente invasivo / Claudication, functional outcomes and quality of life in primary Total hip arthroplasty with minimally invasive anterolateral approach

Resumen: Introducción: La coxartrosis tiene incidencia de 88 casos por 100,000 personas/año y prevalencia sintomática de 16% para hombres y 6% para mujeres en edades de 65-74 años e incrementa con la edad. Representa una enfermedad de salud pública que va en aumento, la mujer es quien presenta padecimiento más grave. La ATC (artroplastía total de cadera) se ha convertido en el procedimiento más exitoso para mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con coxartrosis. Objetivo: Determinar la claudicación, calidad de vida y resultados funcionales de la ATC mediante abordaje mínimo invasivo en pacientes con coxartrosis primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en pacientes con coxartrosis primaria unilateral postoperados de ATC primaria con técnica mínimamente invasiva en el período comprendido de Marzo de 2015 a Febrero de 2016, se analizó a cada paciente con somatometría, calidad de vida (WOMAC), funcionalidad en pacientes con coxartrosis (HHS) y funcionalidad en pacientes con cirugía de cadera (OHS) de manera prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica con seguimiento a un año. Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes, 17 femeninos y cuatro masculinos que corresponde a 80.95 y 19.05%, respectivamente, edad promedio de 59.95 años (DE = 9.64), con resultados funcionales excelentes a un año, según escalas de HHS y OHS, calidad de vida alta en 100% de los casos según WOMAC, con índice de claudicación bajo de 4.76%. Discusión: El abordaje mínimo invasivo es una técnica quirúrgica reproducible con resultados funcionales excelentes, índice de claudicación baja y alta calidad de vida en pacientes postoperados de ATC primaria durante el primer año de seguimiento.

Abstract: Introduction: The coxarthrosis has incidence of 88 cases per 100,000 people/year and symptomatic prevalence of 16% men and 6% women aged 65-74 years and increases with age. It is a growing public health disease. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become the most successful procedure to increase the quality of life of patients with coxarthrosis. Our objective was to determine the claudication, quality of life and functional results of THA through minimal invasive approach in patients with primary coxarthrosis. Material and methods: Prospective longitudinal study in patients with unilateral primary coxarthrosis postop of THA with minimally invasive approach from March 2015-February 2016, each patient was analyzed with quality of Life instrument (WOMAC), Functional test for coxarthrosis (HHS) and functional test in patients with hip surgery (OHS) with follow-up of one year. Results: We included 21 patients, 17 female and 4 males corresponding to 80.95% and 19.05% respectively, average age of 59.95 years (ED = 9.64), with excellent functional results to one year according to HHS and OHS, quality of life high in 100% of cases according to WOMAC, with claudication rate of 4.76%. Discussion: The minimal invasive approach is a reproducible surgical technique, with excellent functional results, low claudication rate and high quality of life in postoperative patients of primary ATC at only one year of follow-up.

Síndrome de hiperémesis por cannabinoides: caso clínico / Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: clinical case

Background. The cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) was first described in 2004. It is considered as a functional gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by the presence of nausea, severe and cyclic morning vomiting, epigastric abdominal pain, hot water bathing for symptom relief, in patients that use cannabis regularly and has a resolution of the syndrome after cessation of cannabis consumption. Clinical Case. Report of a 29 year old male, with daily consumption of cannabis, with history of intense epigastric abdominal pain and recurrent vomiting that partially responded to the use of antispasmodics. After 4 visits to the emergency department he was hospitalized for study and treatment. Laboratory and image exploration are carried out without positive results for organic disease. Therefore, a functional gastrointestinal syndrome is thought, and a cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was suspected. A psychiatric evaluation is carried out, diagnosing a cannabis use disorder. Discussion and conclusion. CHS is a syndrome that has been described recently and is not usually considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with hyperemesis. However, the current high prevalence of cannabis consumption, will probably lead to a more frequent presentation of the syndrome at different health providers. Therefore, it is important to diffuse and update the knowledge about this syndrome to recognize it and develop a timely treatment, avoiding medical complications from invasive exploratory methods and the use of unnecessary resources. (AU)

Histomorphometric study of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle and evaluation of enzymatic markers of broilers affected with dorsal cranial myopathy.

Dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM), which affects the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of commercial broilers, is of unknown etiology, and it represents up to 6% of the partial condemnations in Brazilian slaughterhouses. This study was performed to achieve histomorphometric characterizations of the ALD muscles from male Cobb 500 broilers slaughtered at either 35 d or 42 d and to evaluate the effects of DCM on the enzymatic markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and on uric acid and creatinine metabolites. Blood samples (1.5 to 3 mL) and ALD muscle fragments were collected from each carcass, all of which were processed in a commercial inline processing system. For each age, twelve macroscopically normal animals and twelve animals found to exhibit DCM were randomly selected for histomorphometric evaluation and analysis of serologic profiles. Microscopic evaluations demonstrated that the muscle fibers of those with DCM exhibited a strong presence of multifocal regenerative myodegeneration as well as a substitution of muscle tissue with connective tissue (P < 0.001) through fibrosis, thus characterizing the chronicity and hardness of the affected muscle. It is suggested that DCM is a localized muscle lesion because the detected serum levels of CK (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), ALT (P = 0.01), and LDH (P < 0.001) enzymes were strongly associated with the group affected by DCM. Additional studies are needed to gain an understanding of this myopathy because it is an emerging problem in the poultry industry. In addition, it is related to DCM lesions in fast-growing broilers with the greatest slaughter weights.

Composición corporal y el efecto de un programa de fuerza auxiliar para prevenir lesiones en musculos cuádriceps femoral, isquiotibiales y bíceps femoral en jóvenes universitarios futbolistas / Body composition and the effect of an auxiliary force program to prevent injuries in femoral quadriceps, hamstrings and biceps femoris muscles in young college players

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los efectos de un programa de fuerza auxiliar en la prevención de lesiones de los músculos: cuádriceps femoral, isquiotibiales y bíceps femoral en futbolistas universitarios de la ciudad de Madrid, independiente del programa normal de entrenamiento del club universitario. Veinticuatro jugadores universitarios de entre 19 a 28 años participaron en el estudio, separados en grupo control (n=12) y grupo experimental (n=12). En ambos grupos se evaluó inicialmente el desplazamiento y la velocidad (potencia), mediante un transductor de movimiento o "encoder". Posteriormente al grupo experimental se le aplicó un programa de fuerza auxiliar, para reforzar los músculos del muslo, por un período de 6 meses. El Comité de Ética/Bioética de la Universidad de Tarapacá, aprobó los protocolos de esta investigación. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental presenta un aumento significativo en la ganancia de fuerza/potencia, en relación al grupo control, expresada en watts (1187,6±110,4 vs. 1011,6±110,4, respectivamente). El porcentaje de recuperación de la fuerza fue significativamente mayor en el grupo experimental, con un 16,8% y 0,17% en el grupo de control. El porcentaje de jugadores lesionados en el grupo experimental fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control (16,6% y 50%, respectivamente). Se concluye que los programas preventivos de fuerza auxiliar, en los jugadores de futbol de entre 19 a 28 años, son eficaces en la prevención de lesiones musculares por la ganancia considerable de fuerza/potencia, aportando un importante beneficio económico y deportivo. Por lo tanto, se recomienda incluir estos programas de fuerza auxiliar en todos los clubes deportivos profesionales.

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of a program of auxiliary force in the prevention of injuries to muscles: quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and biceps femoris in college football players of the city of Madrid, independent of the normal training program of university club. Twenty-four college players aged 19­28 years participated in the study, divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n= 12). In both groups, the displacement and the velocity (potency) were initially assessed through a motion transducer or "encoder". Then in experimental group was implemented a program of auxiliary force for 6 months. The Ethics/Bioethics Committee at the Universidad of Tarapacá, approved the protocols of this research. The results shown in the experimental group, with program of auxiliary forces a significant increase in gain strength/potency, relative to the control group, expressed in watts (1187.6±110.4 vs. 1011.6±110.4 respectively), the percentage recovery of force was 16.8% in the experimental group and 0.1larger than bifurcation aneurysms until they 7% in the control group. The percentage of injured players in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (16.6% and 50% respectively). We conclude that preventive programs auxiliary force in football players 19 and 28 years are effective in preventing muscle injuries by the considerable gain strength/potency, providing great economic and sporting benefits. Therefore it is recommended include these programs of auxiliary force in all sports clubs.

Relación de los niveles plasmáticos de proteína C reactiva con infección y edema en la cirugía de los terceros molares retenidos / Relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar impacted surgery

La proteína C reactiva CRP (por sus siglas en inglés) es una proteína de fase aguda que se utiliza para el seguimiento de enfermedades inflamatorias tales como artritis reumatoidea, lupus eritematoso o vasculitis y procesos infecciosos tales como sepsis y septicemia; así como también, para evaluar la eficacia de las drogas antiinflamatorias y antimicrobianas indicadas en el tratamiento de estas patologías. Igualmente se ha asociado a daño tisular en diversas especialidades quirúrgicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los niveles plasmáticos de CRP con la infección y el edema posterior a la cirugía de los terceros molares. A tal efecto se evaluaron 60 pacientes, distribuidos en 3 grupos A, B y C bajo antibioticoterapia profiláctica con Clindamicina (A: dosis única de 600 mg, B: 300 mg c/6h por 5 días y C: Placebo) y terapia analgésica y antiinflamatoria (Ibuprofeno 400mg c/6h por 3 días). A quienes se tomaron muestras de sangre antes y a las 72 horas de la odontectomía de los terceros molares y fotografías digitales para calcular el área de inflamación. No se demostró la relación de los niveles de CRP con infección ya que ningún paciente presentó proceso infeccioso pero si se demostró la relación cualitativa (sensibilidad) de CRP y cuantitativa mediante correlación de Spearman (p<0,05) ya que mientras mayor fue el área de la inflamación, mayores fueron los niveles plasmáticos de CRP.

The C reactive protein (CRP) is an unspecific acute phase reaction used for the follow-up of such inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis and such infectious processes like sepsis; as well as also, to evaluate the efficiency of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs indicated in the treatment of this pathologies. Equally it has associated to tissue damage in diverse surgical specialties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar surgery. We evaluated 60 patients distributed in three groups A, B and C under antibiotic prophylaxis with Clindamycin (A: single dosis 600 mgs, B: 300 mgs each 6/h by 5 days and C: placebo) and analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy with Ibuprofen 400 mg. each 6/h by 3 days. Who were taken blood samples to measure the CRP before and 72 hours after surgery and digital photographs to calculate the edema area. We did not demonstrated relation between CRP and infection because no one patient was infected in any group but we demonstrated (By Searman (p<0,05) the value of CRP as indicator of edema in the third molar surgery.

Hereditary angioedema: first report of the Brazilian registry and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary Angio-oedema (HAE) is a serious medical condition caused by a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, in which C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) function is reduced. There is no organized information on the HAE patient population in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian Registry was established to disseminate diagnostic access, and to better understand the main features of the disease in our country and its clinical impact. METHODS: A questionnaire was prepared and sent to specialists. The completed questionnaires were forwarded to the coordinating site and then entered into the Registry. Samples from patients with an unconfirmed diagnosis were tested for C1 inhibitor and C4 levels. RESULTS: From 2006 to 2010, 210 patients (133 females; mean age, 30 ±17 years) were included. The median age of onset of symptoms and age at diagnosis were 6.5 and 21 years, respectively; 80.9% of the patients had subcutaneous oedema, 54% gastrointestinal and 35.7% respiratory symptoms (21% had laryngeal oedema). Laparotomy due to the disease was performed in 6.2% of the patients. The majority of patients had Type I HAE of moderate severity. Twenty-seven per cent did not receive treatment; 53% were treated with danazol alone. CONCLUSION: A paucity of patients with Type II HAE and a high frequency of laparotomy were observed, highlighting the need for better diagnosis in Brazil. HAE related educational activities, improved diagnosis and access to available therapy are needed in Brazil.

Relación de los niveles plasmáticos de proteína C reactiva con infección y edema en la cirugía de los terceros molares retenidos / Relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar impacted surgery

La proteína C reactiva (CRP) por sus siglas en inglés) es una proteína de fase aguda que se utiliza para el seguimiento de enfermedades inflamatorias tales como artritis reumatoidea, lupus eritematoso o vasculitis y procesos infecciosos tales como sepsis y septicemia; así como también, para evaluar la eficacia de las drogas antiinflamatorias y antimicrobianas indicadas en el tratamiento de estas patologías. Igualmente se ha asociado a daño tisular en diversas especialidades quirúrgicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los niveles plasmáticos de CRP con la infección y el edema posterior a la cirugía de los terceros molares. A tal efecto se evaluaron 60 pacientes, distribuidos en 3 grupos A, B y C bajo antibioticoterapia profiláctica con Clindamicina (A: dosis única de 600 mg, B: 300 mg c/6h por 5 días y C: Placebo) y terapia analgésica y antiinflamatoria (Ibuprofeno 400mg c/6h por 3 días). A quienes se tomaron muestras de sangre antes y a las 72 horas de la odontectomía de los terceros molares y fotografías digitales para calcular el área de inflamación. No se demostró la relación de los niveles de CRP con infección ya que ningún paciente presentó proceso infeccioso pero si se demostró la relación cualitativa (sensibilidad) de CRP y cuantitativa mediante correlación de Spearman (p<0,05) ya que mientras mayor fue el área de la inflamación, mayores fueron los niveles plasmáticos de CRP

The C reactive protein (CRP) is an unspecific acute phase reaction used for the follow-up of such inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis and such infectious processes like sepsis; as well as also, to evaluate the efficiency of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs indicated in the treatment of this pathologies. Equally it has associated to tissue damage in diverse surgical specialties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar surgery. We evaluated 60 patients distributed in three groups A, B and C under antibiotic prophylaxis with Clindamycin (A: single dosis 600 mgs, B: 300 mgs each 6/h by 5 days and C: placebo) and analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy with Ibuprofen 400 mg. each 6/h by 3 days. Who were taken blood samples to measure the CRP before and 72 hours after surgery and digital photographs to calculate the edema area. We did not demonstrated relation between CRP and infection because no one patient was infected in any group but we demonstrated (By Searman (p<0,05) the value of CRP as indicator of edema in the third molar surgery

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the chronic urticaria quality-of-life questionnaire - CU-Q2oL.

BACKGROUND: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a debilitating skin disorder that affects patients' health related quality of life and the only questionnaire prepared specifically to CU is the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q(2)oL). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the CU-Q(2)oL Brazilian-Portuguese version. METHODS: Forward and back translation by three bilingual translators followed by pre-test was used to adapt the questionnaire. The CU-Q(2)oL was self-administered along with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in 112 patients with CU. Disease activity was assessed using the Urticaria Activity Score. Factor analysis was used to identify scales of the Brazilian portuguese CU-Q(2)oL. Internal consistency, convergent validity and known-group validity was determined. Reproducibility was evaluated by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predicting factors of CU-Q(2)oL results. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed a three-dimensional structure: sleep/mental status/eating (I), pruritus/impact on life activities (II) and swelling/limits/look (III), which explained 52.49% of the total variance. All scales showed excellent internal consistency. External construct validity was supported by correlations between the CU-Q(2)oL and DLQI. The tool was found to be able to differentiate between patients with high and low levels of urticaria activity. Test-retest reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.69-0.86). Disease severity and urticaria type were the only factors predicting results. CONCLUSIONS: The CU-Q(2)oL Brazilian portuguese version was easily filled out, well accepted by the patients, demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability and might be used to evaluate treatment outcomes and in clinical research.

Desarrollo y evolución de las finanzas / Development and evolution of finance

La actividad financiera existe desde el primer momento en que se utiliza el dinero como medida de valor e instrumento de cambio de cualquier tipo de transacción. Desde épocas muy remotas, la obtención de beneficio económico ha sido de gran importancia para el hombre, como medio de garantizar su subsistencia y mejorar su calidad de vida. Cualquier tipo actividad económica ya sea de carácter comercial o de prestación de servicios está inmersa dentro de este proceso de actividad financiera, así pues el ejercicio de las profesiones médicas como la Odontología, ejercida como medio de subsistencia o con fines lucrativos se verán siempre involucradas dentro de una actividad económica en el mercado financiero. La historia de la ciencia de las finanzas, como disciplina moderna, puede hacerse comenzar por el cameralismo1. La significación de esta corriente de pensamiento con respecto a las finanzas públicas se halla en el hecho que ella examina los problemas que atañen a la economía y a las finanzas desde el ángulo del Estado como sujeto de las actividades corrientes, siendo precursores de la doctrina financiera del autor alemán Wagner, entre otros, y también de las actuales doctrinas de política económica y planificación. La ciencia cameralista es la primera expresión de la ciencia de las finanzas públicas

Could other viruses cause pediatric posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder?

INTRODUCTION: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases. We summarize the experience of our hospital, one of Spain's largest series of renal (294), liver (47) and allogeneic stem cell transplants (67), where four cases of PTLD have developed related to complex viral infections. METHODS: Case 1 was a 24-month-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). He was seropositive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and developed an aggressive Bcell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) related to EBV reactivation and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection. Cases 2, 3, and 4 developed after kidney transplantation and were all EBV seronegative. Case 2 had associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) and EBV infection. Cases 3 and 4 only revealed EBV viral load. Cases 1, 3, and 4 progressed rapidly, with fatal outcome. Global incidence of PTLD in our series is 1.1%. CONCLUSION: PTLD is a rare but life-threatening condition. Although EBV plays a clear role in its pathogenesis, other associated viral infections could trigger this situation. Current therapies include rituximab, decreasing immunosuppressive drugs. and conventional chemotherapy.