Escuelas de salud para personas mayores. Espacios que sanan, personas que curan / Health Schools for the elderly. Spaces that heal, people who cure

Las escuelas de salud son proyectos comunitarios con un bagaje y una evidencia científica ya conocidos y demostrados. Su influencia en la mejora de la calidad de vida de las persones mayores con soledad no deseada es uno de sus grandes beneficios. Por este motivo, como equipo de Atención Primaria apostamos por ella. El objetivo principal de la escuela es promover el envejecimiento activo y mejorar el estado de salud percibido por las persones mayores de 60 años participantes. Las escuelas de salud son espacios sanadores. Su repercusión es bidireccional, ya que influye en todas las personas que participan, mejorando su calidad de vida y dotándolas de herramientas útiles y sencillas para su día a día a través de los conocimientos adquiridos y las experiencias compartidas. Generar puntos de encuentro en el barrio enriquece y aporta salud más allá de los centros sanitarios. Salir a la calle, hablar de igual a igual, fomentar las redes de apoyo y vincularse a una red, son elementos que fortalecen y mejoran la vertiente social de las personas, ayudándolas a curar heridas de vida. Apostar por la salud comunitaria, es apostar por la salud en todas sus dimensiones. (AU)

Health schools are community projects with a well-known and proven scientific past and background. Their influence in improving the quality of life for elderly individuals experiencing unwanted loneliness is one of their significant benefits. That's why we, as a primary health care team, decided to support it. The main aim of the school is to promote active aging and enhance the perceived health status of participants aged over 60. Health schools are healing spaces. Their impact is bidirectional, which has an impact on all participants. Our quality of life improves as we share knowledge and experiences, providing us with healing, useful and straightforward tools for our daily lives. Creating meeting points in the neighbourhood enriches us and contributes to our well-being beyond healthcare centres. Going out into the community, having peer to peer conversations, fostering support networks, and connecting with others sustain us and make us socially stronger, healing life's wounds. To take a chance on the community is in essence to bet on health in all its dimensions. (AU)

Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: While the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk is contentious, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been consistently detected in human breast milk. However, it is uncertain when and how long the antibodies are present. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study including all consecutive pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, recruited at six maternity units in Spain and Hong Kong from March 2020 to March 2021. Colostrum (day of birth until day 4 postpartum) and mature milk (day 7 postpartum until 6 weeks postpartum) were prospectively collected, and paired maternal blood samples were also collected. Colostrum samples were tested with rRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2, and skimmed acellular milk and maternal sera were tested against SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin M, A, and G reactive to receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 1 to determine the presence of immunoglobulins. Then, we examined how each immunoglobulin type in the colostrum was related to the time of infection by logistic regression analysis, the concordance between these immunoglobulins in the colostrum, maternal serum, and mature milk by Cohen's kappa statistic, and the relationship between immunoglobulin levels in mature milk and colostrum with McNemar. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-seven pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or childbirth were recruited and donated the milk and blood samples. No SARS-CoV-2 was found in the human breast milk. Immunoglobulin A, G, and M were present in 129/162 (79·6%), 5/163 (3·1%), and 15/76 (19·7%) colostrum samples and in 17/62 (27·42%), 2/62 (3·23%) and 2/62 (3·23%) mature milk samples, respectively. Immunoglobulin A was the predominant immunoglobulin found in breast milk, and its levels were significantly higher in the colostrum than in the mature milk (p-value < 0.001). We did not find that the presence of immunoglobulins in the colostrum was associated with their presence in maternal, the severity of the disease, or the time when the infection had occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Since anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are found in the colostrum irrespective of the time of infection during pregnancy, but the virus itself is not detected in human breast milk, our study found no indications to withhold breastfeeding, taking contact precautions when there is active disease.

Acceptability and effectiveness of using mobile applications to promote HIV and other STI testing among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a pilot intervention programme using gay geosocial mobile applications (apps) to offer rapid HIV and other STI tests to men who have sex with men (MSM) in Barcelona between December 2015 and March 2016. METHODOLOGY: We offered rapid HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C testing by sending private messages on apps for sexual and social encounters. Acceptance was defined as the proportion of users who favourably responded to the message and effectiveness was defined as the proportion of users who attended our facilities among those who were interested in attending. To identify variables associated with the response to the messages, multivariate logistic regression was used. Adjusted OR (ORa) and 95% CIs were calculated. We collected information on sociodemographics, sexual behaviours and app usage from the contacted user profiles and from users who attended our facilities. A descriptive analysis was carried out. RESULTS: 2656 individual messages were sent. Overall, a 38.4% response rate was obtained, 83.0% of them found it acceptable to receive the unsolicited message, and 73.2% effectiveness was obtained. Responders had higher odds of being 45 years or older (ORa=1.48; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.08), being connected at the moment the message was sent or during the previous hour (ORa=1.92; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.68), having a profile photo not exposing bare chest or abdomen (ORa=1.44; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.92) and using the Grindr app (ORa=1.39; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.73). Of those who were tested and took the survey (n=77), 45.5% had not taken an HIV test in over a year, 24.7% had had a previous STI diagnosis, 51.4% had reported anal sex without condom and 52% had consumed alcohol or drugs for sex. CONCLUSIONS: The response rate, acceptance and effectiveness observed in this study indicate that this strategy could be a useful tool for promoting STI testing among high-risk MSM population.

Antitubercular drugs for an old target: GSK693 as a promising InhA direct inhibitor.

Despite being one of the first antitubercular agents identified, isoniazid (INH) is still the most prescribed drug for prophylaxis and tuberculosis (TB) treatment and, together with rifampicin, the pillars of current chemotherapy. A high percentage of isoniazid resistance is linked to mutations in the pro-drug activating enzyme KatG, so the discovery of direct inhibitors (DI) of the enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) has been pursued by many groups leading to the identification of different enzyme inhibitors, active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but with poor physicochemical properties to be considered as preclinical candidates. Here, we present a series of InhA DI active against multidrug (MDR) and extensively (XDR) drug-resistant clinical isolates as well as in TB murine models when orally dosed that can be a promising foundation for a future treatment.

Influencia del ejercicio físico sobre los niveles de gonadotropinas, estrógenos y progesterona en mujeres atletas / Influence of physical exercise on ganadotropin, estrogen and progesterone levels i nwomen athletes

Se ha podido comprobar que la actividad deportiva de competición en la mujer produce alteraciones del ciclo menstrual, siendo las disfunciones de mayor o menor intensidadd ependiendo del nivel de esfuerzo. Objetivo: Conocer las modificaciones hormonales de estrógenos, p rogesterona y gonadotropinas, inducidas por el ejercicio físico de distinta intensidad en la mujer. Material y métodos: Se ha estudiado una muestra constituida por 92 atletas amenorreicas de la Comunidad de Castilla y León con un tiempo mínimo dedicado a la actividad deportiva de 5 años. Se clasificaron en función del esfuerzo que realizaban. Así mismo se utilizó un grupo control de 29 mujeres amenorreicas, que no practicaban deporte ni lo habían practicado. Las determinaciones hormonales se realizaron en época de competición, determinándose por la técnica de radio inmunoensayo. La valoración estadística se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza. Resultados: Se ha comprobado que los valores de estrógenos eran inferiores en las atletas que hacían ejercicio de larga duración (21.50 pg/ml) , que en el resto de las atletas. La progesterona presenta valores similares en todas las deportistas (2.57 pg/ml) aunque inferiores al control. La FSH y LH se encuentra dentro de los límites normales bajos (7.31 y 5.30 mIU/ml, pero menores que el grupo control. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico produce modificaciones hormonales en la mujer, aunque posiblemente, existen otros factores externos que junto con el deporte, condicionan dichas alteraciones

It has been shown that competitive sports activities in women cause disturbances in their menstrual cycle of greater or lesser intensity, depending on the level of effort involved. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the alterations occurring in fue levels of estrogens, progesterone and gonadotropins induced in women by the practice of physical exercise of different intensity. A sample comprising 92 women athletes with amenorrhea from the Community of Castilla-León who had devoted at least 5 years to sports activities was studied. The women were classified according to fue degree of effort involved. The control group comprised 29 amenorrhoeic women who were not practising nor had ever been involved in any kind of sports activity. The women's hormonal status was assessedb y RIA during sports tournments. For statistical evaluations of fue results, analysis of variance was used. Results: It was observed that estrogen levels were lower in the athletes practising sport of long duration (21.50 pg/ml) than in the rest of the athletes. Progesterone levels showed similar values for all women practising sports (2.57 pg/ml) but were lower than in the control group. FSH and LH levels were in the lower normal range (7.31 and 5.30 mIU/ml) for these hormones but lower than in the control group. Conclusions: Physical exercise is responsible for modifications in hormone levels, although other external factors, together with sports activities, mar condition such modifications

Anestésicos locales en odontología: valoración mediante pulsioximetría / Local anesthetics in dentistry: valuation by means of pulseoxymetry

Objetivos: Conocer la respuesta en el campo de la odontología de dos anestésicos locales que se utilizan habitualmente, como son la articaína y la lidocaína, así como los efectos adversos que se pudieran generar sobre el SNC, sobre los controles cardiocirculatorios y estructuras de la zona de infiltración. Pacientes: Se incluyeron en el estudio 264 pacientes distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos de 198 y 66 pacientes, que recibieron articaína y lidocaína respectivamente, cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 19 y 56 años. Métodos: Los pacientes fueron controlados mediante un pulsioxímetro BPM 200 antes de iniciar el procedimiento, después de la anestesia, al comenzar la extracción y finalizada esta. La presión arterial se controló mediante tensiómetro digital OMRON M4-I. Los anestésicos utilizados fueron la lidocaína al 2 % con epinefrina y articaína al 4 % con epinefrina, ambos a una concentración de 1: 100.000. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el análisis de la varianza. Se analizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11 implementado para PC. El nivel de confianza fue del 80 % en la detección del riesgo relativo, con un rango de 1,84 o mayor, y de 0,54 o menor, para un nivel de significación de 0,05. Conclusión: La lidocaína como la articaína asociadas a epinefrina, pueden considerarse como anestésicos locales, adecuados y seguros en la práctica odontoestomatológica. Hay que tener singular cuidado en la utilización de estos anestésicos locales en pacientes hipertensos o con problemas cardiocirculatorios, por lo que sería conveniente el control con pulsioxímetro.

Objetives To know the answer in the field the odontolgy the two anesthetic premises that are used habitually, like are articaine and lidocaine, as well as the adverse effects that could be generated on the SNC, the cardiovascular controls and structures of the infiltration area. Patients: They were included in the study 264 distributed patients in a random way in two groups of 198 and 66 patients that received articaína and lidocaína respectively whose ages were between the 19 and 56 years. Methods: The patients were controlled by means of oximeter BPM 200 before beginning the procedure, after the anesthesia, when beginning the extraction and concluded this. The blood pressure was controlled by means of digital sphygmomanometer OMRON M4-I. The anesthetic ones used went lidocaine to the 2 % with epinephrine and articaine to 4 % with epinephrine, both to a concentration of 1: 100.000. The statistical analysis was made by means of the analysis of the variance. It was analyzed by means of the statistical package SPSS version 11 implemented for PC. The level of trust was of 80 % in the detection of the relative risk, with a range of the 1.84 or greater, one and of 0.54 or minor, for a level of significance of 0,05. Conclusión: Lidocaine like articaine associated to epinephrine, they can be considered as the local, adecuated and safe anesthetics in the dental practice. It is necessary to have singular taken care of in the use of these local anesthetics in hypertense patients or with cardiovascular problems, reason why the control with pulsioxymetry would be adecuated.

Resumo Objetivos: Para saber a resposta no campo o odontologia as duas premisoes anestésicas que são usadas habitualmente, como estão o articaine e o lidocaine, os efeitos adversos que poderiam ser gerados no SNC, os controles e as estruturas cardiovascular da área da infiltração. Pacientes: Foram incluídos nos pacientes distribuídos do estudo 264 em uma maneira aleatória em dois grupos de 198 e 66 pacientes que receberam o articaína e o lidocaína respectivamente cujas idades se realizavam entre os 19 e 56 anos. Métodos: Os pacientes eram controlados por meio do oxímetro BPM 200 antes de começar o procedimento, após o anestesia, ao começar a extração e concluído isto. A pressão de sangue era controlada por meio do sphygmomanometer digital OMRON M4-I. Anestésicos usados foram lidocaine aos 2 % com epinephrine e articaine a 4 % com epinephrine, ambos a uma concentração de 1: 100.000. A análise estatística foi feita por meio da análise da variação. Foi analisado por meio da versão estatística 11 do pacote SPSS executada para o PC. O nível da confiança era de 80 % na deteção do risco relativo, com uma escala do 1.84 ou mais grande, um e de 0.54 ou menor, para um nível de um significado de 0.05. conclusão conclusão: O lidocaine gosta do articaine associado ao epinephrine, podem ser considerados como anestésicos locais adequados e seguros na prática dental. É necessário ter cuidado tomado singular no uso destes anestésicos locais em pacientes da hipertensão ou com problemas cardiovasculares, raciocine porque o controle com pulsioximetria seria adequada.

Tratamiento de las lesiones dentales traumáticas: revisión bibliográfica actualizada / Treatment of traumatic dental injuries: an updated review of the literature

Los traumatismos dentarios son considerados como una urgencia dentro de la asistencia de la consulta dental, que deben ser tratados de inmediato. Las pautas recomendadas por la Asociación Americana de Endodoncistas, para el tratamiento de las lesiones dentales traumáticas, están pensadas para ayudar al odontoestomatólogo en el manejo y el tratamiento de lesiones dentales. La terapéutica traumatológica es una de las partes de la odontología que está en continua revisión y actualización. El objetivo al realizar este trabajo, fue dar a conocer las últimas recomendaciones publicadas por la Asociación Americana de Endodoncia respecto a las pautas de tratamiento de los traumatismos dentales

The dental traumatisms are considered as an urgency inside the attendance of the dental consultation that it should be treated immediately. The recommended guidelines of the American Association of Endodontists for the treatment of traumatic dental injuries are intended to aid the practitioner in the management and treatment of dental injuries. The traumatologic therapeutic is one of the parts of the dentistry that is in revision and upgrade continually. The objective carrying out this work, is to give to know the last recommendations came out by the American Association of Endodontists regarding the rules of treatment of the dental traumatisms.

Aspectos periodontales en mujeres menopáusicas con terapia hormonal sustitutiva / Periodontal aspects in menopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy

OBJETIVOS: Actualmente, gran número de mujeres, utilizan la THS para controlar sus problemas hormonales durante la menopausia. Del mismo modo, un porcentaje alto de ellas, presentan problemas en la cavidad bucal a nivel del periodonto. Es por ello que se ha marcado el siguiente objetivo para la realización del trabajo: Analizar el efecto que la menopausia, al producirse una disminución de hormonas, fundamentalmente de estrógenos, puede tener sobre la salud bucodental de la mujer y en concreto, sobre las características de la encía y el periodonto, verificando si estas características en cuanto a recesión gingival, dolor, movilidad dental y bolsas periodontales, nos permiten valorar el grado de descalcificación en la mujer menopáusica.PACIENTES: Mujeres en época menopáusica de 40 a 58 años, sometidas a terapia hormonal sustitutiva y que presentaban problemas gingivo-periodontales. La población total del estudio se constituyó con 210 pacientes. Se dividieron en dos grupos: uno que recibió THS con parches y otro que no recibió dicha terapia.MÉTODO: Se estableció para la recogida de datos, un protocolo ginecológico y otro odontoestomatológico. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva para las variables sociodemográficas, análisis de la varianza, test de MacNemar y test de Stuart-Maxwell para valorar la eficacia del tratamiento.RESULTADOS: El rango de edad de las pacientes estudiadas fue de 49 años. La THS actúa de factor de protección en el dolor dental y mejora la movilidad dental, y el sondaje de bolsas periodontales. No se encontraron resultados significativos respecto a la variable recesión gingival, tanto en las pacientes que no recibieron THS, como en las que fueron tratadas con parches.CONCLUSIONES: La respuesta de la THS con respecto a la enfermedad periodontal, está propiciada probablemente, por la presencia de los receptores estrogénicos, localizados en la encía y el ligamento periodontal

AIMS: Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman.PATIENTS: Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy.METHOD: Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, Mc Nemar’s test and the Stuart Maxwell test were performed.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches.CONCLUSIONS: The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament

Periodontal aspects in menopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy.

AIMS: Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman. PATIENTS: Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy. METHOD: Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, McNemar's test and the Stuart-Maxwell test were performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches. CONCLUSIONS: The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament.

Comportamiento de la sordo ceguera en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus en el año 1999 / Status of deafness and blindness in Sancti SpÃritus province in the year 1999

Se realiza un estudio de nueve pacientes sordo ciegos atendidos en el Centro Provincial deRetinosis Pigmentaria de Sancti Spíritus en el año 1999. Se utilizaron como variables la edad de éstos, etiología y el estudio genético. Para determinar el nivel de sus limitaciones se les realizó audiometría, pruebas vestibulares, PEATC, timpanometría, campo y agudeza visual, y el electrorretinograma. Se determinó el tiempo de iniciación de la sordera y ceguera, estado civil, escolaridad, ocupación, desarrollo psicomotor y psicológico. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer el comportamiento de la sordo ceguera en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, comparar la edad de aparición de los trastornos auditivos y visuales, así como las alteraciones del desarrollo psicomotor y psicológico de estos pacientes. La causa más frecuente fue el síndrome de Usher; los trastornos auditivos aparecen primero que los visuales. Se evidencia retardo del desarrollo psicomotor. La mayoría de los pacientes con esta doble limitación no tienen ayuda óptica ni auditiva(AU)

A study was made of nine male deaf blind patients assisted in the Provincial Center of Pigmentary Retinosis of Sancti Spiritus in the year 1999. The variables used were age, etiology and genetic study. To assess the level of their handicaps they were subjected to audiometry, vestibular tests, PEATC, tympanometry, field and visual acuity, and electrorretinogram. The data collected included time of onset of deafness and blindness, marital status, school level, occupation, and psychomotor and psychological development. Our objective was to assess the status of deaf blindness in the province of Sancti Spiritus, to compare the age of onset of the auditory and visual disorders, as well as the alterations of psychomotor and psychological development of these patients. The most frequent cause was the Syndrome of Usher; the auditory dysfunctions appear before the visual ones. Retard of the psychomotor development is evidenced. Most of the patients with this double limitation have neither optical nor auditory help(AU)

Resultados del tratamiento ortoptico y pleóptico en un centro de rehabilitación visual infantil / Results of orthoptic and pleoptic treatment in an infantile visual rehabilitation center

Se evalúan los resultados del tratamiento pleóptico y ortóptico realizado a 63 niños durante 3 cursos escolares en el Centro de Rehabilitación Visual Infantil de la Provincia Sancti Spíritus. Consideramos curados estética y funcionalmente a 14 niños y otros 30 mejorados; de ellos 5 sólo quedaron con CRA o inhibición. Señalamos que los caso curados lo hicieron casi en su totalidad durante un solo curso. Se analizan otros parámetros como la fijación, sexo y la matricula del centro por grados escolares

Resultados del tratamiento ortoptico y pleóptico en un centro de rehabilitación visual infantil / Results of orthoptic and pleoptic treatent in an infantile visual rehabilitation center

Se evalúan los resultados del tratamiento pleóptico y ortóptico realizado a 63 niños durante 3 cursos escolares en el Centro de Rehabilitación Visual Infantil de la Provincia Sancti Spíritus. Consideramos curados estética y funcionalmente a 14 niños y otros 30 mejorados; de ellos 5 sólo quedaron con CRA o inhibición. Señalamos que los caso curados lo hicieron casi en su totalidad durante un solo curso. Se analizan otros parámetros como la fijación, sexo y la matricula del centro por grados escolares