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BACKGROUND: Show jumping is one of the most popular disciplines in the horse sector, which makes success in show jumping competitions an important breeding goal for many studbooks. Therefore, the genetic evaluation of show jumping performance is of major interest and this is the case for two Belgian Warmblood studbooks: the Belgian Warmblood horse and Zangersheide. In this study, first an improved phenotype for show jumping performance was developed, i.e. adjusted fence height based on a new non-arbitrary method to scale ranking and competition level, which are two major components of success in competitions. Second, we assessed the importance of including a rider effect in genetic models for show jumping performance, this effect being under debate in sport horse breeding. Third, genetic models based on elementary performances and one model based on a summarized performance were compared in terms of model fit, heritabilities and the stability of estimated breeding values to define the most suitable one for the genetic evaluation of show jumping performance. RESULTS: In this study, more than 600,000 Belgian competition records and almost 81,000 horses were used. Genetic evaluations were developed based on elementary performances (Blom-transformed ranking and adjusted fence height) and on a summarized performance (highest level achieved). Estimated heritabilities of Blom-transformed ranking, adjusted fence height and highest level achieved were 0.09, 0.12 and 0.39, respectively. Including a rider effect improved the models for genetic evaluations. Estimated genetic correlations between the studied models were moderate to high (rg = 0.60-0.99). With the best fit model, the accuracy of the estimated breeding value (EBV) for adjusted fence height reached 0.70 for a larger number of stallions and for stallions that tended to be younger. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend breeders to implement this new phenotype 'adjusted fence height' in breeding programs. It is moderately to highly correlated with Blom-transformed ranking and highest level achieved, a proxy for lifetime success, and is available for selection candidates from an early age onwards.
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Deportes , Caballos/genética , Animales , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal, non-variceal haemorrhage can be related to various etiologies, including peptic ulcer, neoplasm, gastritis, Dieulafoy lesions and other, rare underlying diseases. Here, we describe another, yet unreported etiology of gastric bleeding. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man presented with melena; gastroscopy revealed blood in the stomach without active bleeding source. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a cluster of enlarged gastrosplenic arterial collaterals in the gastric wall and coils in the splenic artery, related to an embolization procedure 30-years ago for splenic trauma. Definitive treatment included catheter-directed glue embolization of the left gastric artery and the enlarged gastrosplenic collaterals. The postinterventional course was uneventful and no recurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was noted after 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with eroded gastrosplenic collaterals, related to previous splenic artery embolization, can be successfully treated with glue-embolization.
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The safety and effect of physical therapy in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are currently unclear. Considering the muscle weakness resulting from disease activity as well as from the administered drugs, these patients could benefit from an evidence-based physical therapy program. To perform a systematic review to assess safety and effects of physical therapy on the functional outcome of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in both active and quiescent disease: Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane. Patients with one of the following idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: polymyositis, dermatomyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and/or overlap myositis. The intervention included several types of rehabilitation programs, from strength and resistance training to endurance training, with a minimal duration of 1 month. Studies reporting intervention-related adverse events, disease activity, and functional outcomes were eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane guidelines. We included five randomized controlled and seven open-label non-randomized non-controlled trials. Data on statistical significance were extracted for all the trials. Included trials were of medium-quality evidence given the low number of patients and some risk of bias factors. Physical therapy does not have a negative effect on the disease activity of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in quiescent disease and could improve functional outcome. The physical therapy program should minimally include endurance training. A combination with resistance training might be beneficial.