Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes de América Latina: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Prevalence of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HTA) en niños y adolescentes es un problema grave de salud pública. A pesar de que es reconocida como tal, la carga de morbilidad en la población pediátrica latinoamericana es desconocida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia global de HTA en niños y adolescentes de América Latina y según género y área geográfica.Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura, a través de las bases de datos MedLine, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, MedCarib y Google Académico, con el fin de identificar estudios para determinar la prevalencia de HTA en niños y adolescentes de América Latina. Posteriormente, mediante un metaanálisis se sintetizó cuantitativamente la prevalencia global de HTA en la población pediátrica.Resultados: en noviembre del 2020 la búsqueda bibliográfica arrojó 6437 publicaciones potencialmente relevantes, incluyéndose finalmente 77 estudios en el análisis cuantitativo. La prevalencia global de HTA en población pediátrica latinoamericana es del 8% (IC 95%: 7-9%), prevaleciendo más en el género masculino y en población pediátrica urbana.Conclusión: primera revisión sistemática que expresa la prevalencia de HTA en niños y adolescentes de América Latina, siendo mayor a la estimada a nivel mundial e incluso respecto a otros continentes.(AU)

Introduction: high blood pressure (HBP) in children and adolescents is a serious public health problem. Although it is recognized as such, the resulting burden of disease in the Latin American paediatric population remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the global prevalence of HBP in children and adolescents in Latin America, overall and by sex and geographical area.Materials and methods: we carried out a systematic literature review through the MedLine, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, MedCarib and Google Academic databases to identify studies that analysed the prevalence of HBP in children and adolescents in Latin America. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain a quantitative synthesis of the global prevalence of HBP in the paediatric population.Results: in November 2020, the literature search yielded 6437 potentially relevant publications, of which 77 studies were finally included in the quantitative synthesis. The global prevalence of HBP in the Latin American paediatric population was 8% (95% confidence interval, 7 to 9%), with a higher prevalence in males and in urban settings.Conclusion: this is the first systematic review to determine the prevalence of HBP in children and adolescents in Latin America, which turned out to be higher compared to the prevalence estimated at the global level and even for other continents. (AU)

Prevalencia de demencia en adultos mayores de América Latina: revisión sistemática / Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Latin America: a systematic review

Antecedentes y objetivo: La demencia es un problema de salud pública creciente. Involucra el declive de funciones cognitivas, generando discapacidad mental y física, y con ello mayor dependencia funcional. Se dispone de limitada información epidemiológica que revele un valor aproximado real de su prevalencia en la población adulta mayor latinoamericana. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de demencia en población adulta mayor de América Latina y su comportamiento según área geográfica y sexo. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en bases de datos: PubMed, Ovid, Lilacs, Cochrane, Scielo y Google Académico, a fin de identificar estudios que estimaran la prevalencia de demencia en población urbana o rural mayor de 65 años de edad de Latinoamérica. Resultados: A febrero del 2018m la búsqueda bibliográfica arrojó 357 publicaciones, incluyéndose 25 en esta revisión. La prevalencia global de demencia en la población adulta mayor de América Latina es del 11%, prevaleciendo más en el sexo femenino y en población urbana. Conclusión: Primera revisión sistemática que sugiere una prevalencia de demencia en adultos mayores de América Latina mayor que lo estimado por organizaciones internacionales e inclusive que en otros continentes

Background and objective: Dementia is a growing public health problem. It involves the impairment of several cognitive functions, generating mental and physical disability, and therefore greater functional dependence. There is limited epidemiological information which reveals an approximate prevalence in older adults from Latin America. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in the older adult population of Latin America, and its distribution according to geographic area and gender. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out in databases: PubMed, Ovid, Lilacs, Cochrane, Scielo and Google Scholar, in order to identify studies that estimate the prevalence of dementia in urban and / or rural population over 65 years of age. Results: On February 2018, the literature search yielded 357 publications. The overall prevalence of dementia in the older adult population of Latin America was found to be 11%, prevailing more in female gender and urban people. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia in Latin America is higher than registered previously, and even than in other continents

Generation of Organotypic Multicellular Spheres by Magnetic Levitation: Model for the Study of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Microenvironment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of human hematopoietic stem cells are conditioned by the microenvironment of the bone marrow, where they interact with other cell populations, such as mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells; however, the study of this microenvironment is complex. The objective of this work was to develop a 3D culture system by magnetic levitation that imitates the microenvironment of human HSC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood-hematopoietic stem cells and a non-tumoral endothelial cell line (CC2811, LonzaⓇ) were used to develop organotypic multicellular spheres by the magnetic levitation method. We obtained viable structures with an average sphericity index greater than 0.6, an average volume of 0.5 mm3 and a percentage of aggregation greater than 70%. Histological studies of the organotypic multicellular spheres used hematoxylin and eosin stains, and an evaluation of vimentin expression by means of immunohistochemistry demonstrated an organized internal structure without picnotic cells and a high expression of vimentin. The functional capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells after organotypic multicellular spheres culture was evaluated by multipotency tests, and it was demonstrated that 3D structures without exogenous Flt3L are autonomous in the maintenance of multipotency of human hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: We developed organotypic multicellular spheres from normal human cells that mimic the microenvironment of the human hematopoietic stem cells. These structures are the prototype for the development of complex organoids that allow the further study of the biology of normal human stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine.

[Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Latin America: A systematic review]. / Prevalencia de demencia en adultos mayores de América Latina: revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dementia is a growing public health problem. It involves the impairment of several cognitive functions, generating mental and physical disability, and therefore greater functional dependence. There is limited epidemiological information which reveals an approximate prevalence in older adults from Latin America. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in the older adult population of Latin America, and its distribution according to geographic area and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out in databases: PubMed, Ovid, Lilacs, Cochrane, Scielo and Google Scholar, in order to identify studies that estimate the prevalence of dementia in urban and / or rural population over 65 years of age. RESULTS: On February 2018, the literature search yielded 357 publications. The overall prevalence of dementia in the older adult population of Latin America was found to be 11%, prevailing more in female gender and urban people. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dementia in Latin America is higher than registered previously, and even than in other continents.