agroString: Visibility and Provenance through a Private Blockchain Platform for Agricultural Dispense towards Consumers.

It is a known fact that large quantities of farm and meat products rot and are wasted if correct actions are not taken, which may lead to serious health issues if consumed. There is no proper system for tracking and communicating the status of the goods to their respective stakeholders in a secure way. Consumers have every right to know the quality of the products they consume. Using monitoring tools, such as the Internet of Agricultural Things (IoAT), and modern data protection techniques for storing and sharing, will help mitigate data integrity issues during the transmission of sensor records, increasing the data quality. The visibility state at the customer end is also improved, and they are aware of the agricultural product's conditions throughout the real-time distribution process. In this paper, we developed and implemented a CorDapp application to manage the data for the supply chain, called "agroString". We collected the temperature and humidity data using IoAT-Edge devices and various datasets from multiple sources. We then sent those readings to the CorDapp agroString and successfully shared them among the relevant parties. With the help of a Corda private blockchain, we attempted to increase data integrity, trust, visibility, provenance, and quality at each logistic step, while decreasing blockchain and central system limitations.

G-DaM: A Distributed Data Storage with Blockchain Framework for Management of Groundwater Quality Data.

Groundwater overuse in different domains will eventually lead to global freshwater scarcity. To meet the anticipated demands, many governments worldwide are employing innovative and traditional techniques for forecasting groundwater availability by conducting research and studies. One challenging step for this type of study is collecting groundwater data from different sites and securely sending it to the nearby edges without exposure to hacking and data tampering. In the current paper, we send raw data formats from the Internet of Things to the Distributed Data Storage (DDS) and Blockchain (BC) edges. We use a distributed and decentralized architecture to store the statistics, perform double hashing, and implement access control through smart contracts. This work demonstrates a modern and innovative approach combining DDS and BC technologies to overcome traditional data sharing, and centralized storage, while addressing blockchain limitations. We have shown performance improvements with increased data quality and integrity.

CoviChain: A Blockchain Based Framework for Nonrepudiable Contact Tracing in Healthcare Cyber-Physical Systems During Pandemic Outbreaks.

With the world facing the new virus SARS-CoV-2, many countries have introduced instant Internet applications to identify people carrying the infection. Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) have proven useful in collecting medical data as well in tracing an individual carrying the virus. The data collected or traced belongs to an individual and should be revealed to themselves and hospital providers, but not to any third-party unauthorized agencies. In this paper we use an off-chain distributed storage solution for loading large medical data sets and a blockchain implementation to securely transfer the data from the infected person to the hospital system using the edge infrastructure, and call it CoviChain. The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) statistics are loaded on to the edge, and moved to InterPlanetary File Systems (IPFS) storage to retrieve the hash of the data file. Once the hash is obtained, it is moved to the blockchain by means of smart contracts. As the information is being hashed twice, CoviChain addresses the security and privacy issues and avoid exposing individuals' data while achieving larger data storage on the blockchain with reduced cost and time.