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1.
BMC Med ; 22(1): 242, 2024 Jun 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38867241

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Understanding the enduring respiratory consequences of severe COVID-19 is crucial for comprehensive patient care. This study aims to evaluate the impact of post-COVID conditions on respiratory sequelae of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: We examined 88 survivors of COVID-19-associated severe ARDS six months post-intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Assessments included clinical and functional evaluation as well as plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and viral response. Additionally, an in vitro model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) explored the direct impact of post-COVID plasma on endothelial function. RESULTS: Post-COVID patients with impaired gas exchange demonstrated persistent endothelial inflammation marked by elevated ICAM-1, IL-8, CCL-2, and ET-1 plasma levels. Concurrently, systemic inflammation, evidenced by NLRP3 overexpression and elevated levels of IL-6, sCD40-L, and C-reactive protein, was associated with endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and increased in post-COVID patients with impaired gas exchange. T-cell activation, reflected in CD69 expression, and persistently elevated levels of interferon-ß (IFN-ß) further contributed to sustained inflammation. The in vitro model confirmed that patient plasma, with altered levels of sCD40-L and IFN-ß proteins, has the capacity to alter endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS: Six months post-ICU discharge, survivors of COVID-19-associated ARDS exhibited sustained elevation in endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, correlating with the severity of impaired gas exchange. NLRP3 inflammasome activity and persistent T-cell activation indicate on going inflammation contributing to persistent endothelial dysfunction, potentially intensified by sustained viral immune response.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Inflamación , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , SARS-CoV-2 , Biomarcadores/sangre , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/virología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/fisiopatología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Intercambio Gaseoso Pulmonar , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Adulto
2.
J Clin Med ; 13(12)2024 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38930041

RESUMEN

Background: The assessment of cardiac risk is challenging for elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery with preoperative functional limitations. Currently, no specific cardiac risk scores are available for these critical patients. Echocardiography may be a reliable and safe instrument for assessing cardiac risks in this population. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of echocardiography in elderly orthopedic patients, its impact on anesthesiologic management, and postoperative Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACEs). Methods: This is a retrospective, one-arm, monocentric study conducted at ''Federico II'' Hospital-University of Naples-from January to December 2023, where 59 patients undergoing hip or knee revision surgery under neuraxial anesthesia were selected. The demographic data, the clinical history, and the results of preoperative Echocardiography screening (pEco-s) were collected. After extensive descriptive statistics, the χ2 test was used to compare the valvopathies and impaired Left Ventricular Function (iLVEF) prevalence before and after echocardiography screening and the incidence of postoperative MACE; a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 72.5 ± 6.9, and the prevalence of cardiac risk factors was about 90%. The cumulative prevalence of iLVEF and valvopathy was higher after the screening (p < 0.001). The pEco-s diagnosed 25 new valvopathies: three of them were moderate-severe. No patients had MACE. Conclusions: pEco-s evaluation could discover unknown heart valve pathology; more studies are needed to understand if pEco-s could affect the anesthetic management of patients with functional limitations, preventing the incidence of MACE, and assessing its cost-effectiveness.

3.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 2024 May 28.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38853119

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although the medium- and long-term sequelae of survivor of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of any cause have been documented, little is known about the way in which COVID-19-induced ARDS affects functional disability and exercise components. Our aims were to examine the medium-term disability in severe COVID-19-associated ARDS survivors, delineate pathophysiological changes contributing to their exercise intolerance, and explore its utility in predicting long-term functional impairment persistence. METHODS: We studied 108 consecutive subjects with severe COVID-19 ARDS who remained alive 6 months after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Lung morphology was assessed with chest non-contrast CT scans and CT angiography. Functional evaluation included spirometry, plethysmography, muscle strength, and diffusion capacity, with assessment of gas exchange components through diffusing capacity of nitric oxide. Disability was assessed through an incremental exercise test, and measurements were repeated 12 and 24 months later in patients with functional impairments. RESULTS: At 6 months after ICU discharge, a notable dissociation between morphological and clinical-functional sequelae was identified. Moderate-severe disability was present in 47% of patients and these subjects had greater limitation of ventilatory mechanics and gas exchange, as well as greater symptomatic perception during exercise and a probable associated cardiac limitation. Female sex, hypothyroidism, reduced membrane diffusion component, lower functional residual capacity, and high-attenuation lung volume were independently associated with the presence of moderate-severe functional disability, which in turn was related to higher frequency and greater intensity of dyspnea and worse quality of life. Out of the 71 patients with reduced lung volumes or diffusion capacity at 6 months post-ICU discharge, only 19 maintained a restrictive disorder associated with gas exchange impairment at 24 months post-discharge. In these patients, 6-month values for diffusion membrane component, maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent for CO2, and dead space to tidal volume ratio were identified as independent risk factors for persistence of long-term functional sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of survivors of COVID-19 ARDS have moderate-severe disability in the medium term, identifying several risk factors. In turn, diffusion membrane component and exercise tolerance at 6-month ICU discharge are independently associated with the persistence of long-term functional sequelae.

4.
J Clin Med ; 13(11)2024 May 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38892899

RESUMEN

Background: In recent years, videolaryngoscopy has increasingly been utilized as an alternative to fiberoptic bronchoscopy in awake intubation. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether videolaryngoscopy represents a viable substitute for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. We conducted this systematic review with a meta-analysis to compare videolaryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy for awake intubation. Methods: We systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing videolaryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy for awake intubation. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and MEDLINE were systematically queried through August 2023. Our primary outcome measure was the duration of intubation. Secondary outcomes encompassed the rate of successful intubation on the initial attempt, failed intubation, patient-reported satisfaction, and any complications or adverse events potentially stemming from the intubation procedure. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs was employed to evaluate all studies for evidence of bias. The GRADE approach was utilized to gauge the certainty of the evidence. Results: Eleven trials involving 873 patients were ultimately included in our review for data extraction. Meta-analysis demonstrated that videolaryngoscopy decreased the duration of intubation compared to fiberoptic bronchoscopy (SMD -1.9671 [95% CI: -2.7794 to -1.1548] p < 0.0001), a finding corroborated in subgroup analysis by the type of videolaryngoscope (SMD -2.5027 [95% CI: -4.8733 to -0.1322] p = 0.0385). Additionally, videolaryngoscopy marginally lowered the risk of experiencing a saturation below 90% during the procedure (RR -0.7040 [95% CI: -1.4038 to -0.0043] p = 0.0486). No statistically significant disparities were observed between the two techniques in terms of failed intubation, initial successful intubation attempt, or sore throat/hoarseness. With regard to patient-reported satisfaction, a pooled analysis was precluded due to the variability in evaluation methods employed across the trials to assess this outcome. Lastly, trial sequential analysis (TSA) conducted for intubation time (primary outcome) affirmed the conclusiveness of this evidence; TSA performed for secondary outcomes failed to yield conclusive evidence, indicating the necessity for further trials. Conclusions: Videolaryngoscopy for awake tracheal intubation diminishes intubation time and the risk of experiencing a saturation below 90% compared to fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

5.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 13(6)2024 Jun 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38929158

RESUMEN

Protein persulfidation is a thiol-based oxidative posttranslational modification (oxiPTM) that involves the modification of susceptible cysteine thiol groups present in peptides and proteins through hydrogen sulfide (H2S), thus affecting their function. Using sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits as a model material at different stages of ripening (immature green and ripe red), endogenous persulfidated proteins (persulfidome) were labeled using the dimedone switch method and identified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS). A total of 891 persulfidated proteins were found in pepper fruits, either immature green or ripe red. Among these, 370 proteins were exclusively present in green pepper, 237 proteins were exclusively present in red pepper, and 284 proteins were shared between both stages of ripening. A comparative analysis of the pepper persulfidome with that described in Arabidopsis leaves allowed the identification of 25% of common proteins. Among these proteins, glutathione reductase (GR) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were selected to evaluate the effect of persulfidation using an in vitro approach. GR activity was unaffected, whereas LAP activity increased by 3-fold after persulfidation. Furthermore, this effect was reverted through treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT). To our knowledge, this is the first persulfidome described in fruits, which opens new avenues to study H2S metabolism. Additionally, the results obtained lead us to hypothesize that LAP could be involved in glutathione (GSH) recycling in pepper fruits.

6.
Eur Thyroid J ; 13(3)2024 Jun 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38718824

RESUMEN

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may present as unifocal disease of the suprasellar region, with symptoms and signs of hypopituitarism, arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), and weight gain. Transcranial biopsy is necessary to define diagnosis and guide treatment decisions, but it is associated with significant morbidity. We describe a patient with Hashimoto thyroiditis and a single hypothalamic mass in whom LCH diagnosis was made by thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed despite nonspecific findings in thyroid imaging, on the basis of a slightly elevated [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity on PET/CT and volume increase during follow-up.


Asunto(s)
Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans , Glándula Tiroides , Humanos , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/patología , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico por imagen , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Glándula Tiroides/patología , Glándula Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/patología , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Adulto , Masculino , Citología
7.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38801492

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: to identify correlations between quality and quantity of health care resources, national economic indicators, and postoperative in-hospital mortality as reported in the EUSOS study. METHODS: Different variables were identified from a series of publicly available database. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was identified as reported by EUSOS study. Spearman non-parametric and Coefficients of non-linear regression were calculated. RESULTS: Quality of health care resources was strongly and negatively correlated to postoperative in-hospital mortality. Quantity of health care resources were negatively and moderately correlated to postoperative in-hospital mortality. National economic indicators were moderately and negatively correlated to postoperative in-hospital mortality. General mortality, as reported by WHO, was positively but very moderately correlated with postoperative in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative in-hospital mortality is strongly determined by quality of health care instead of quantity of health resources and health expenditures. We suggest that improving the quality of health care system might reduce postoperative in-hospital mortality.

8.
Surg Neurol Int ; 15: 124, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742005

RESUMEN

Background: This report aims to describe the neuromodulation effect on seizure control in a patient with a left hippocampal migrated electrode to the Posterior Sylvian Junction (PSJ) during a follow-up of 17 years. Case Description: We report a case of a female patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who initiated at seven years old and underwent a stereotactic frame-based insertion of a left hippocampal electrode for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Posterior migration of the electrode was identified at PSJ by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging one month after surgery. A consistent seizure reduction (Engel IC) was obtained with 2v-120 uS-145 Hz, contacts 0-3 negative, casing positive DBS parameters and maintained to this day. Patient data were collected from electronic medical records preceded by obtaining an informed consent for research and publication purposes. Stimulation parameter adjustments were confirmed with the digital records of the local device provider (Medtronic). Results: PSJ is a connectivity confluence point of white matter pathways in the posterior quadrant of the hemispheres. White mater DBS could be considered for research as a potential complementary target for neuromodulation of refractory epilepsy.

9.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2798: 223-234, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38587747

RESUMEN

At the cellular level, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), due to different abiotic or biotic stress, causes oxidative stress that induces an imbalance in the metabolism. Among the different H2O2-scavenging enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a heme-peroxidase that plays an important role in the ascorbate-glutathione pathway using ascorbate to reduce H2O2 to water. Using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in combination with a spectrophotometric assay for APX activity, the protocol allows identifying diverse APX isozymes present in different organs and plant species.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Ascorbato Peroxidasas , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida Nativa , Ácido Ascórbico
10.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e28555, 2024 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38623248

RESUMEN

Introduction: Previous studies have reported a correlation between a high-grade CMV-infection and an unfavorable prognosis in glioblastoma (GB). Coversely, epilepsy has been associated with a more favorable outcome in GB patients. Despites epilepsy and CMV share similar molecular mechanisms in GB tumoral microenvironment, the correlation between Tumor-Related-Epilepsy (TRE) and CMVinfection remains unexplored. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation between the dregree of CMV infection and seizure types on the survival of TRE Adult-type-diffuse-glioma. To achieve this objective, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess our results regarding previous publications. Methods: We conducted a retrospective-observational study on TRE Adult-type-diffuse-gliomas treated at a single center in Mexico from 2010 to 2018. Tumor tissue and cDNA were analyzed by immunochemistry (IHC) for CMV (IE and LA antigens) at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and RT-PCR for CMV-gB in Torreon Mexico, respectively. Bivariate analysis (X2-test) was performed to evaluate the association between subtypes of Adult-type-diffuse-glioma (IDH-mut grade 4 astrocytoma vs. IDH-wt glioblastoma) and the following variables: type of hemispheric involvement (mesial vs. neocortical involvement), degree of CMV infection (<25%vs. >25% infected-tumoral cells) and seizure types [Focal awareness, focal impaired awareness, and FBTCS]. Kaplan Meier and Cox analyses were performed to determine the risk, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty patients with TRE Adult type diffuse gliomas were included (80% IDH-wt glioblastoma and 20% IDH-mut grade 4astrocytomas). The mean age was 61.5 SD ± 18.4, and 57% were male. Fifty percent of the patients presented with mesial involvement of the hemysphere. Seizure types included focal awareness (15%), focal impaired awareness (43.3%), and FBTCS (41.7%). Ninety percent of cases were treated with Levetiracetam and 33.3% presented Engel-IA postoperative seizure control. More than 90% of samples were positive for CMV-immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, all cDNA analyzed by RT-PCR return negative results. The median of overall survival (OS) was 15 months. High-grade CMV-IE infection (14 vs. 25 months, p<0.001), mesial involvement (12 vs. 18 months, p<0.001), and FBTCS were associated with worse OS (9 vs.18 months for non-FBTCS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high-grade CMV infection (HR = 3.689, p=0.002) and FBTCS (HR=7.007, p<0.001) were independent unfavorable survival factors. Conclusions: CMV induces a proinflammatory tumoral microenvironment that contributes to the developmet of epilepsy. Tumor progression could be associated not only with a higher degree of CMV infection but also to epileptogenesis, resulting in a seizure phenotype chracterized by FBTCS and poor survival outcomes. This study represents the first survival analysis in Latin America to include a representative sample of TRE Adult-type diffuse gliomas considering CMV-infection-degree and distinguishing features (such as FBTCS) that might have potential clinical relevance in this group of patients. Further prospective studies are required to validate these results.

11.
Drug Des Devel Ther ; 18: 1231-1245, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38645991

RESUMEN

Background and Aim: Ultrasound popliteal sciatic nerve block (UPSNB) is commonly performed in foot and ankle surgery. This study aims to assess the use of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants in UPSNB for hallux valgus (HV) surgery, comparing their efficacy in producing motor and sensory block and controlling postoperative pain. The adverse event rate was also evaluated. Methods: This mono-centric retrospective study included 62 adult patients undergoing HV surgery: 30 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg and dexamethasone 4 mg (Group 1), whereas 32 patients received lidocaine 2% 200 mg, ropivacaine 0.5% 50 mg, and dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/Kg (Group 2). At first, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated after 48 hours. The other outcomes were time to motor block regression, evaluation of the first analgesic drug intake, analgesic effect, adverse effects (hemodynamic disorders, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)) and patient satisfaction. The continuous data were analyzed with student's t-test and the continuous one with χ2. Statistical significance was set at a p-value lower than 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in VAS after 48 hours (4.5 ± 1.6 vs 4.7 ± 1.7, p = 0.621) to motor block regression (18.9 ± 6.0 vs 18.7 ± 6, p = 0.922). The number of patients that took their first analgesic drug in the first 48 h (p = 0.947 at 6 hours; p = 0.421 at 12 hours; p = 0.122 at 24 hours and p = 0.333 at 48 hours) were not significant. A low and similar incidence of intraoperative hemodynamic disorders was recorded in both groups (hypotension p = 0.593; bradycardia p = 0.881). Neither PONV nor other complication was found. Patients in Group 1 reported a lower degree of interference with sleep (p = 0.001), less interference with daily activities (P = 0.002) and with the affective sphere (P = 0.015) along with a more satisfactory postoperative pain management (p < 0.001) as compared to Group 2. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in the duration of motor and sensory blockade between patients in both groups. Additionally, both groups showed good pain control with a low rate of adverse effects, even if there was no clinical difference between the groups. However, patients who received dexamethasone reported experiencing less interference with their sleep, daily activities and overall emotional well-being, and overall pain control.


Asunto(s)
Dexametasona , Dexmedetomidina , Hallux Valgus , Bloqueo Nervioso , Nervio Ciático , Humanos , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hallux Valgus/cirugía , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Dexmedetomidina/farmacología , Masculino , Femenino , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Ultrasonografía
12.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 14(8)2024 Apr 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38667473

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: An adequate early mobilization followed by an effective and pain-free rehabilitation are critical for clinical and functional recovery after hip and proximal femur fracture. A multimodal approach is always recommended so as to reduce the administered dose of analgesics, drug interactions, and possible side effects. Peripheral nerve blocks should always be considered in addition to spinal or general anesthesia to prolong postoperative analgesia. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block appears to be a less invasive and more effective analgesia technique compared to other methods. METHODS: We conducted multicenter retrospective clinical research, including 98 patients with proximal femur fracture undergoing osteosynthesis surgery within 48 h of occurrence of the fracture. Thirty minutes before performing spinal anesthesia, 49 patients underwent a femoral nerve (FN) block plus a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LCFN) block, and the other 49 patients received a PENG block. A non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (α = 0.05) test was performed to evaluate the difference in resting and dynamic numerical rating scale (NRS) at 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. RESULTS: the PENG block administration was more effective in reducing pain intensity compared to the FN block in association with the LFCN block, as seen in the resting and dynamic NRS at thirty minutes and 12 h follow-up. CONCLUSION: the PENG block was more effective in reducing pain intensity than the femoral nerve block associated with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block in patients with proximal femur fracture undergoing to osteosynthesis.

13.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 85(1): 6-13, ene.-mar. 2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556794

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Introducción. La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad zoonótica endémica con amplia distribución en Perú. Objetivo. Identificar los escenarios de transmisión de leishmaniasis y la población que reside en estos, e identificar las características de las poblaciones afectadas durante el periodo 2010 a 2022. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, ecológico con unidad de análisis el nivel distrital. Se utilizó datos de fuentes secundarias de acceso público. Resultados. En el periodo de estudio se reportaron 85 117 casos, 7 374 007(22,08%) habitantes residían en 543 distritos con transmisión continua, 11 467 420 (34,33%) habitantes que residían en 454 distritos con reporte esporádico de casos y 14 558 983(43,59%) residían en 893 distritos libres de trasmisión. El 98,16% de los casos ocurrieron en distritos con trasmisión continua, el 1,84%, en distritos con reporte esporádico de casos. La incidencia acumulada media anual fue 3,48 casos/10 000 habitantes. 18 departamentos reportaban trasmisión continua, Madre de Dios (42,45 casos/10 000 habitantes) y Cusco (15,78 casos/10 000 habitantes) tuvieron las tasas más altas. Las poblaciones de mayor riesgo son: hombres, adolescentes y jóvenes; residentes de distritos: de selva, del quintil de mayor pobreza monetaria, del quintil con mayor porcentaje con al menos 1 NBI, y del quintil de menor índice de desarrollo humano. Conclusión. La leishmaniasis tiene amplia distribución en Perú, 56,41% de la población habita en distritos que reportan casos. Existen grupos poblacionales con mayor riesgo absoluto, los cuales pueden ser blanco de intervenciones diferenciadas de prevención y control.


ABSTRACT Introduction. Leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonotic disease widely distributed in Peru. Objectives. Identify transmission scenarios and the population residing in them and identify the characteristics of the affected populations during the period 2010-2022. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional, ecological study with district as analysis units. Publicly accessible secondary data sources were used. Results. During the study period, 85,117 cases were reported; 7,374,007 (22.08%) inhabitants live in 543 districts with continuous transmission; 1,146,7420 (34.33%) inhabitants reside in 454 districts with sporadic reports of cases; and 1,455,8983 (43.59%) reside in 893 transmission-free districts. 98.16% of the cases occurred in districts with continuous transmission; 1.84% occurred in districts with sporadic case reports. The mean annual incidence rate was 3.48 cases/10,000 inhabitants. 18 departments report continuous transmission; Madre de Dios (42.45 cases/10,000 inhabitants) and Cusco (15.78 cases/10,000 inhabitants) report the highest rates. The populations with higher absolute risk are men, adolescents, and young people; residents: from jungle districts; from the quintile with the highest monetary poverty; from the quintile with the highest percentage with at least 1 NBI; and from the quintile with the lowest human development index. Conclusion. Leishmaniasis is widely distributed in Peru, with 56.41% of the population living in districts reporting cases. There are population groups with a higher absolute risk, which can be the target of differentiated prevention and control interventions.

14.
Foods ; 13(6)2024 Mar 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38540940

RESUMEN

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are high-value biodegradable polyesters with thermoplastic properties used in the manufacturing of different products such as packaging films. PHAs have gained much attention from researchers and industry because of their biobased nature and appropriate features, similar to conventional synthetic plastics. This review aims to discuss some of the recent solutions to challenges associated with PHA production. The implementation of a cost-effective process is presented by following different strategies, such as the use of inexpensive carbon sources, the selection of high-producing microorganisms, and the functionalization of the final materials to make them suitable for food packaging applications, among others. Research efforts are needed to improve the economic viability of PHA production at a large scale. Haloferax mediterranei is a promising producer of PHAs due to its ability to grow in non-sterile conditions and the possibility of using seawater to prepare the growth medium. Additionally, downstream processing for PHA extraction can be simplified by treating the H. mediterranei cells with pure water. Further research should focus on the optimization of the recycling conditions for the effluents and on the economic viability of the side streams reutilization and desalinization as an integrated part of PHA biotechnological production.

15.
Plant Cell Rep ; 43(4): 92, 2024 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466441

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: Pepper fruits contain two leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) genes which are differentially modulated during ripening and by nitric oxide. The LAP activity increases during ripening but is negatively modulated by nitration. Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is an essential metalloenzyme that cleaves N-terminal leucine residues from proteins but also metabolizes dipeptides and tripeptides. LAPs play a fundamental role in cell protein turnover and participate in physiological processes such as defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, but little is known about their involvement in fruit physiology. This study aims to identify and characterize genes encoding LAP and evaluate their role during the ripening of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits and under a nitric oxide (NO)-enriched environment. Using a data-mining approach of the pepper plant genome and fruit transcriptome (RNA-seq), two LAP genes, designated CaLAP1 and CaLAP2, were identified. The time course expression analysis of these genes during different fruit ripening stages showed that whereas CaLAP1 decreased, CaLAP2 was upregulated. However, under an exogenous NO treatment of fruits, both genes were downregulated. On the contrary, it was shown that during fruit ripening LAP activity increased by 81%. An in vitro assay of the LAP activity in the presence of different modulating compounds including peroxynitrite (ONOO-), NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione and nitrosocyteine), reducing agents such as reduced glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (L-Cys), and cyanide triggered a differential response. Thus, peroxynitrite and reducing compounds provoked around 50% inhibition of the LAP activity in green immature fruits, whereas cyanide upregulated it 1.5 folds. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of LAP in pepper fruits as well as of its regulation by diverse modulating compounds. Based on the capacity of LAP to metabolize dipeptides and tripeptides, it could be hypothesized that the LAP might be involved in the GSH recycling during the ripening process.


Asunto(s)
Capsicum , Óxido Nítrico , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Capsicum/genética , Capsicum/metabolismo , Leucina/metabolismo , Leucil Aminopeptidasa/genética , Leucil Aminopeptidasa/metabolismo , Ácido Peroxinitroso/metabolismo , Cianuros/metabolismo , Dipéptidos/metabolismo
16.
Kidney Int ; 105(5): 1077-1087, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38447879

RESUMEN

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare disease resulting from dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement. C3G includes C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and dense deposit disease (DDD), both of which are characterized by bright glomerular C3 staining on immunofluorescence studies. However, on electron microscopy (EM), DDD is characterized by dense osmiophilic mesangial and intramembranous deposits along the glomerular basement membranes (GBM), while the deposits of C3GN are not dense. Why the deposits appear dense in DDD and not in C3GN is not known. We performed laser microdissection (LCM) of glomeruli followed by mass spectrometry (MS) in 12 cases each of DDD, C3GN, and pretransplant kidney control biopsies. LCM/MS showed marked accumulation of complement proteins C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 and complement regulating proteins CFHR5, CFHR1, and CFH in C3GN and DDD compared to controls. C3, CFH and CFHR proteins were comparable in C3GN and DDD. Yet, there were significant differences. First, there was a six-to-nine-fold increase of C5-9 in DDD compared to C3GN. Secondly, an unexpected finding was a nine-fold increase in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in DDD compared to C3GN. Most importantly, immunohistochemical and confocal staining for ApoE mirrored the dense deposit staining in the GBM in DDD but not in C3GN or control cases. Validation studies using 31 C3G cases confirmed the diagnosis of C3GN and DDD in 80.6 % based on ApoE staining. Overall, there is a higher burden of terminal complement pathway proteins in DDD compared to C3GN. Thus, our study shows that dense deposits in DDD are enriched with ApoE compared to C3GN and control cases. Hence, ApoE staining may be used as an adjunct to EM for the diagnosis of DDD and might be valuable when EM is not available.


Asunto(s)
Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa , Glomerulonefritis , Humanos , Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/patología , Glomerulonefritis/patología , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas
17.
Heliyon ; 10(2): e24285, 2024 Jan 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38312630

RESUMEN

This study is based on an investigation of the transport phenomenon, specifically the quantification of arsenic diffusion in carrots within a temperature range of 89 °C-99 °C using a thin plate model. Studying the diffusion of arsenic in carrots is important due to its toxicity, as it can concentrate during cooking. The World Health Organization considers arsenic as one of the ten chemical substances of public health concern. In this study, biennial hybrid carrots of the Nantesa variety were cooked whole with their epidermis in an aqueous solution containing diarsenic trioxide with an As concentration of 5 mgL-1 at 89 °C, 94 °C, and 99 °C. The cooking times of the carrots at different temperatures were based on a specific degree of tenderness, with a value of ≤3 kg m-2. The evaluated data showed consistency with increasing temperature. The calculated effective diffusion coefficients at temperatures of 89 °C, 94 °C, and 99 °C were 5.84E-09 m2s-1, 1.08E-08 m2s-1, and 2.51E-08 m2s-1 for the flesh (DL), and 1.601E-11 m2s-1, 2.15E-11 m2s-1, and 4.39E-11 m2s-1 for the epidermis (DE), respectively. The activation energy for diffusion was determined to be 159.54 kJmol-1 for the and 110.68 kJmol-1 for the epidermis. Similar behaviours were observed in different radial positions of the carrot, where the arsenic content decreased from the periphery to the centre, consistent with studies on diffusion phenomena with other solutes in food. The novelty was the detailed quantification of arsenic diffusion in the Nantes-type hybrid carrot matrix. This study is limited to a specific concentration of 5 mgL-1 of arsenic solution. The findings of this study may have significant implications for public health and food safety.

18.
Life (Basel) ; 14(2)2024 Jan 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38398674

RESUMEN

AIM OF THE STUDY: Maternal mortality and ICU admissions have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We reported a case-series of pregnant patients with COVID-19 admitted to an ICU and we compared them with a historical cohort of pregnant patients admitted to an ICU without COVID-19. METHODS: We included all pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to our ICU in 2021. As a historical control group, we included all pregnant women who were admitted to our ICU between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013. RESULTS: In 2021, 11 pregnant patients (pts) with COVID-19 were admitted to an ICU, representing 2.87% of ICU admissions. We found that pregnant patients with COVID-19 (1) had a higher BMI (34.6 vs. 28.8, p = 0.04) and a lower gestational age (30.6 vs. 34 weeks, p = 0.03), (2) were mainly admitted for respiratory failure (100% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.001) and (3) required more days of invasive and non-invasive ventilations (54.5% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.002), a longer duration of stay at the ICU (21.9 vs. 4.8 days, p < 0.0001) and had a higher mortality rate (27.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.0192). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant patients with COVID-19 represent a challenge for ICU physicians due to their different characteristics and outcomes when compared to pregnant patients without COVID-19.

19.
Eur Radiol Exp ; 8(1): 3, 2024 Jan 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38191711

RESUMEN

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are usually incidentally discovered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Once discovered, the risk associated with their treatment must be balanced with the risk of an unexpected rupture. Although clinical observations suggest that the detection of contrast agent in the aneurysm wall using a double-inversion recovery black-blood (BB) sequence may point to IA wall instability, the exact meaning of this observation is not understood. Validation of reliable diagnostic markers of IA (in)stability is of utmost importance to deciding whether to treat or not an IA. To longitudinally investigate IA progression and enhance our understanding of this devastating disease, animal models are of great help. The aim of our study was to improve a three-dimensional (3D)-time-of-flight (TOF) sequence and to develop a BB sequence on a standard preclinical 3-T MRI unit to investigate intracranial arterial diseases in rats. We showed that our 3D-TOF sequence allows reliable measurements of intracranial artery diameters, inter-artery distances, and angles between arteries and that our BB sequence enables us to visualize intracranial arteries. We report the first BB-MRI sequence to visualize intracranial arteries in rats using a preclinical 3-T MRI unit. This sequence could be useful for a large community of researchers working on intracranial arterial diseases.Relevance statement We developed a black-blood MRI sequence to study vessel wall enhancement in rats with possible application to understanding IAs instability and finding reliable markers for clinical decision-making.Key points• Reliable markers of aneurysm stability are needed for clinical decision.• Detection of contrast enhancement in the aneurysm wall may be associated with instability.• We developed a black-blood MRI sequence in rats to be used to study vessel wall enhancement of IAs.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma , Enfermedades Arteriales Intracraneales , Animales , Ratas , Arterias , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Modelos Animales
20.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2319, 2024 01 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38281994

RESUMEN

The effects of tracheostomy on outcome as well as on intra or post-operative complications is yet to be defined. Admission of patients with tracheostomy to rehabilitation facility is at higher risk of suboptimal care and increased mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate ICU mortality, clinical outcome and quality of life up to 12 months after ICU discharge in tracheostomized critically ill patients. This is a prospective, multi-center, cohort study endorsed by Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Reanimation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI Prot. n° 643/13) registered in Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01899352). Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and requiring elective tracheostomy according to physician in charge decision were included in the study. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for ICU mortality, prevalence of mortality at follow-up, rate of discharge from the hospital and rehabilitation, quality of life, performance status, and management of tracheostomy cannula at 3-, 6, 12-months from the day of tracheostomy. 694 critically ill patients who were tracheostomized in the ICU were included. ICU mortality was 15.8%. Age, SOFA score at the day of the tracheostomy, and days of endotracheal intubation before tracheostomy were risk factors for ICU mortality. The regression tree analysis showed that SOFA score at the day of tracheostomy and age had a preeminent role for the choice to perform the tracheostomy. Of the 694 ICU patients with tracheostomy, 469 completed the 12-months follow-up. Mortality was 33.51% at 3-months, 45.30% at 6-months, and 55.86% at 12-months. Patients with tracheostomy were less likely discharged at home but at hospital facilities or rehabilitative structures; and quality of life of patients with tracheostomy was severely compromised at 3-6 and 12 months when compared with patients without tracheostomy. In patients admitted to ICU, tracheostomy is associated with high mortality, difficult rehabilitation, and decreased quality of life. The choice to perform a tracheostomy should be carefully weighed on family burden and health-related quality of life.Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01899352).


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios de Seguimiento , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Italia/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos
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