Concordance between nice classification and histopathology in colonic polyps: a tertiary center experience.

Background: Narrow-Band imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) could reduce histopathology study requirements in colorectal polyp evaluation. Local and regional studies are required to validate its utility. Objectives: To evaluate concordance between NICE classification and histopathology. Design: Prospective analytic study performed in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia) between 2021 and 2022. Methods: Concordance between NICE I, II and III classification and histopathology [Hyperplastic Polyp (HP), adenoma and deep submucosal invasive cancer (DSIC)] was evaluated using weighted kappa. Diagnostic performance was evaluated for NICE I-II versus NICE III for DSIC versus adenoma/HP. A subgroup analysis was performed for polyps ⩾10 mm and those located in the rectum, sigmoid, and left colon. Results: A total of 238 polyps from 135 patients were evaluated. Median age 67 years (IQR 58.5-74.5), 54.4% males. 23 (17.1%) had ⩾3 polyps. Of polyps, 52.1% were located on rectum, sigmoid and left colon. A total of 182 (76.5%) were <10 mm. NICE and histopathology evidenced a fair-moderate concordance (quadratic weighted kappa 0.36, linear weighted kappa 0.43). NICE classification (NICE I-II versus III) compared to histopathology (DSIC versus adenoma/HP) evidenced a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 99.1%. For DSIC diagnosis specificity was ⩾95% on polyps ⩾10 mm and those left sided located. Conclusion: NICE and histopathology concordance is suboptimal. However, NICE III for DSIC diagnosis evidence good specificity. Therefore, NICE III polyps require a prompt histopathological evaluation and follow-up. Good operative characteristics stand in polyps ⩾10 mm and left sided located. NBI formal training is recommended in gastroenterology units in Latin America.

Concordance between colonoscopy polyp evaluation with NBI optical technology and histopathology evaluation Most colorectal cancer are developed from polyps. A proper polyp evaluation is required to orientate which polyp could be a potential neoplasia. However, a definitive diagnosis is made according to histopathology evaluation. On the other hand, Narrow-Band imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification based on colonoscopy could predict neoplastic polyps and drive therapeutic decisions. Our tertiary center study in Colombia evidence that NICE classification predicts adequately neoplastic polyps but is suboptimal to categorize low risk polyps. Therefore, histopathology polyp evaluation should be still recommended and NBI formal training is recommended in gastroenterology units in Latin -America.

Clinical practice guideline on the use of single-operator cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary stricture and the treatment of difficult biliary stones.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) offer a diagnostic and therapeutic alternative with an improved optical resolution over conventional techniques; however, there are no standardized clinical practice guidelines for this technology. This evidence-based guideline from the Colombian Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACED) intends to support patients, clinicians, and others in decisions about using in adults the SOC compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), to diagnose indeterminate biliary stricture and to manage difficult biliary stones. METHODS: ACED created a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. Universidad de los Andes and the Colombia Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Network supported the guideline-development process, updating and performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The GRADE approach was used, including GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks. RESULTS: The panel agreed on one recommendation for adult patients with indeterminate biliary strictures and one for adult patients with difficult biliary stones when comparing SOC versus ERCP. CONCLUSION: For adult patients with indeterminate biliary strictures, the panel made a conditional recommendation for SOC with stricture pattern characterization over ERCP with brushing and/or biopsy for sensitivity, specificity, and procedure success rate outcomes. For the adult patients with difficult biliary stones the panel made conditional recommendation for SOC over ERCP with large-balloon dilation of papilla. Additional research is required on economic estimations of SOC and knowledge translation evaluations to implement SOC intervention in local contexts.

Dynamic changes in liver function tests do not correctly reclassify patients at risk of choledocholithiasis beyond ASGE 2019 criteria.

Introduction: Dynamic changes in liver function tests have been proposed to correctly reclassify the risk of choledocholithiasis; however, information is scarce and insufficient to recommend its use. Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to moderate and high risk of choledocholithiasis according to the 2019 American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines. We evaluated whether significant changes in liver function tests (bilirubin, transaminases, or alkaline phosphatase), defined as an increase or a reduction ⩾30 or ⩾50% between two measurements taken with a difference of 24-72 h can correctly reclassify the risk of choledocholithiasis beyond the ASGE guidelines. The net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated for patients with and without choledocholithiasis. Results: Among 1175 patients who underwent ERCP, 170 patients were included in the analysis (59.4% women, median 59.5 years). Among patients without a diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, the number of patients correctly reclassified by transaminases was slightly higher than those incorrectly reclassified (NRI = 0.24 for aspartate amino transaminase and 0.20 for alanine amino transaminase). However, among patients with a diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, it led to incorrect reclassification in a greater number of cases (NRI = -0.21 and -0.14, respectively). The benefits of reclassification were minimal for bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, or for value changes >50%. A subgroup analysis showed similar findings in patients without a history of cholecystectomy and in those with normal bile duct. Conclusion: Dynamic changes in liver function tests do not improve choledocholithiasis risk classification beyond the 2019 ASGE criteria. New criteria should continue to be sought to optimize risk stratification.

Barogenic perforation of the esophagus: An unusual manifestation / Perforación barogénica del esófago: una presentación inusual

Abstract Introduction: Typically, when esophageal perforation secondary to barotrauma is mentioned as the causal pathophysiological mechanism of perforation, the literature refers to spontaneous esophageal perforation or Boerhaave syndrome as an entity. It involves the longitudinal and transmural rupture of the esophagus (previously healthy) secondary to an abrupt increase in intraluminal esophageal pressure, frequently triggered during vomiting. However, in the medical literature, some reports list mechanisms of barotrauma other than this entity. Case report: A 64-year-old female patient with a history of surgically managed gastric adenocarcinoma (total gastrectomy and esophagoenteral anastomosis) presented with stenosis of the esophagojejunal anastomosis, which required an endoscopic dilatation protocol with a CRETM balloon. The third session of endoscopic dilation was held; in removing the endoscope, we identified a deep esophageal laceration with a 4 cm long perforation at the level of the middle esophagus (8 cm proximal to the dilated anastomosis), suspecting the mechanism of barotrauma as the causal agent. She required urgent transfer to the operating room, where we performed thoracoscopic esophagectomy, broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial coverage, and enteral nutrition by advanced tube during in-hospital surveillance. The control esophagram at seven days showed a small leak over the anastomotic area, which was managed conservatively. Imaging control at 14 days showed a decrease in the size of the leak, with good evolution and tolerance to the oral route. The patient was later discharged.

Resumen Introducción: típicamente, cuando se menciona la perforación esofágica secundaria a barotrauma como el mecanismo fisiopatológico causal de la perforación, la literatura se refiere a la perforación esofágica espontánea o síndrome de Boerhaave como entidad, la cual hace referencia a la ruptura longitudinal y transmural del esófago (previamente sano) secundaria a un aumento abrupto de la presión intraluminal esofágica, que se desencadena frecuentemente durante el vómito. Sin embargo, en la literatura médica existen algunos reportes que mencionan otros mecanismos de barotrauma diferentes a esta entidad. Reporte de caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 64 años con antecedente de adenocarcinoma gástrico manejado quirúrgicamente (gastrectomía total y anastomosis esofagoenteral), quien presentaba estenosis de anastomosis esofagoyeyunal, que requirió un protocolo de dilatación endoscópica con balón CRETM. Se llevó a una tercera sesión de dilatación endoscópica, en la que durante la extracción del endoscopio se identificó una laceración esofágica profunda con perforación de 4 cm de longitud a nivel del esófago medio (8 cm proximal a anastomosis dilatada), y se sospechó del mecanismo de barotrauma como agente causal. Requirió traslado urgente a sala de cirugía, en la que se realizó esofagorrafia por toracoscopia, cubrimiento antimicrobiano empírico de amplio espectro y nutrición enteral por sonda avanzada durante la vigilancia intrahospitalaria. El esofagograma de control a los 7 días mostró una pequeña fuga sobre el área anastomótica, la cual se manejó de manera conservadora. El control imagenológico a los 14 días evidenció una disminución del tamaño de la fuga, con una evolución satisfactoria y tolerancia a la vía oral, y posteriormente se dio el egreso.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFICULT BILIARY CANNULATION IN A TRAINING CENTER FOR ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to determine factors associated with difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) that are identifiable before procedures. METHODS: This is a nested case-control study within a historical cohort in adult patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from 2015-2019 in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Colombia. This study assessed the associations among variables that could be identified before or at the beginning of procedures and the probability of DBC. These associations were evaluated through a bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study used criteria for DBC defined by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 498 ERCP performed in 376 patients were analyzed. Of all procedures, 144 (29%) fulfilled criteria for DBC. The multivariate analysis showed an association between DBC and the acute care hospital setting (OR:2.92; CI95% 1.70-5.01; P<0.001), redundant papilla (OR:7.26; CI95% 3.38-15.61; P<0.001), or peridiverticular papilla (OR:2.45; CI95% 1.38-4.36; P=0.002). No association was found between DBC and endoscopist's experience, bilirubin levels, or dilation of the biliary tract. CONCLUSION: The DBC is a frequent event. Alterations in the papilla and ERCP performed in the acute care hospital setting are the principal factors associated with DBC. This information might be useful to predict DBC and establish healthcare and administrative strategies to reduce its implications.

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria y secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico / Clinical practice guide for primary and secondary prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer

Resumen Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, para la prevención primaria y secundaria, el tratamiento de las lesiones preneoplásicas y el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico en población adulta, con el propósito de reducir la carga de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: El grupo desarrollador estuvo integrado por profesionales de la salud y tomadores de decisiones. Se construyeron preguntas clínicas contestables y se realizó la graduación de los desenlaces. Se elaboró la búsqueda de la información en MEDLINE; EMBASE y CENTRAL, siendo actualizada el 18 de octubre de 2018. La pesquisa también abarcó otras fuentes de información como la Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología y la lectura en "bola de nieve" de las referencias incluidas. Se contactó a expertos en la materia con el objetivo de identificar estudios relevantes no publicados. Para la construcción de las recomendaciones, se realizó un consenso acorde con los lineamientos propuestos por la metodología GRADE, sopesando los beneficios, los efectos adversos derivados de la intervención, las preferencias de los pacientes y el potencial impacto de las intervenciones sobre los costos. Resultados: Se presenta la versión corta de la "Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria, secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico", junto con su evidencia de soporte y respectivas recomendaciones. Conclusiones: Como recomendación central para la implementación, se recomienda erradicar la infección por H. pylori en los pacientes con o sin factores de riesgo, como estrategia de prevención de las condiciones precursoras de cáncer gástrico. La Guía deberá actualizarse en tres años.

Abstract Objetive: Generate recommendations for primary and secondary prevention, treatment of gastric preneoplastic lesions, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer in the adult population, to increase the detection of gastric cancer in early stages. Material and methods: The developer group was made up of health professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients. Answerable clinical questions were constructed and outcomes were graded. The search for information in MEDLINE was carried out; EMBASE and CENTRAL, being updated on October 18, 2018. The search also covered other sources of information such as the Colombian Journal of Gastroenterology and the "snowball" reading of the references included. Experts in the field were contacted to identify studies. For the construction of the recommendations, a consensus was made according to the guidelines proposed by the GRADE methodology, weighing the benefits, the adverse effects derived from the intervention, the preferences of the patients, and the potential impact of the interventions on costs. Results: The short version of the "Clinical practice guidelines for the primary, secondary, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer" is presented together with its supporting evidence and respective recommendations. Conclusions: As a central recommendation for implementation, it is recommended to eradicate H. pylori infection in patients with or without risk factors in whom it is detected to prevent gastric cancer precursor conditions. The Guide will need to be updated in three years.

Fatores associados à difícil canulação biliar em um centro de treinamento para intervenção endoscópica do trato biliar / Factors associated with difficult biliary cannulation in a training center for endoscopic intervention of the biliary tract

ABSTRACT Background This paper aims to determine factors associated with difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) that are identifiable before procedures. Methods This is a nested case-control study within a historical cohort in adult patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from 2015-2019 in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Colombia. This study assessed the associations among variables that could be identified before or at the beginning of procedures and the probability of DBC. These associations were evaluated through a bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study used criteria for DBC defined by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Results A total of 498 ERCP performed in 376 patients were analyzed. Of all procedures, 144 (29%) fulfilled criteria for DBC. The multivariate analysis showed an association between DBC and the acute care hospital setting (OR:2.92; CI95% 1.70-5.01; P<0.001), redundant papilla (OR:7.26; CI95% 3.38-15.61; P<0.001), or peridiverticular papilla (OR:2.45; CI95% 1.38-4.36; P=0.002). No association was found between DBC and endoscopist's experience, bilirubin levels, or dilation of the biliary tract. Conclusion The DBC is a frequent event. Alterations in the papilla and ERCP performed in the acute care hospital setting are the principal factors associated with DBC. This information might be useful to predict DBC and establish healthcare and administrative strategies to reduce its implications.

RESUMO Contexto Este artigo tem como objetivo determinar fatores associados à dificuldade de canulação biliar que sejam identificáveis antes dos procedimentos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle dentro de uma coorte histórica em pacientes adultos submetidos a colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) de 2015 a 2019 no Hospital Universitário San Ignacio, em Bogotá, Colômbia. Avaliou-se as associações entre variáveis que poderiam ser identificadas antes ou no início dos procedimentos e a probabilidade de difícil canulação biliar (DCB). Essas associações foram avaliadas por meio de análise bivariada e multivariada. O estudo utilizou critérios para DCB definidos pela Sociedade Europeia de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal. Resultados Foram analisados 498 CPRE em 376 pacientes. De todos os procedimentos, 144 (29%) preencheram critérios para DCB. A análise multivariada mostrou associação entre a DCB e o ambiente hospitalar de atenção aguda (OR:2,92; CI 95% 1,70-5,01; P<0,001), papila redundante (OR:7,26; CI95% 3,38-15,61; P<0,001), ou papila peridiverticular (OR:2,45; CI95% 1,38-4,36; P=0,002). Não foi encontrada associação entre a DCB e a experiência do endoscopista, dos níveis de bilirrubina ou da dilatação do trato biliar. Conclusão A DCB é um evento frequente. Alterações na papila e CPRE realizadas no ambiente hospitalar de cuidados agudos são os principais fatores associados a DCB. Essas informações podem ser úteis para prever a DCB e estabelecer estratégias de saúde e administrativas para reduzir suas implicações.

Rectal Cancer: Management Trends and Changes. Concepts for Gastroenterologists and Surgeons / Cáncer de recto: tendencias y cambios en el manejo. Conceptos para el gastroenterólogo y el cirujano

Abstract Rectal cancer is the third most frequent cancer in Colombia and constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for gastroenterologists, surgeons, and oncologists. Diagnostic evaluation and the study of its locoregional and systemic extension have been modified by new imaging methods, enabling an accurate view of anatomical structures that could not be easily examined before. The availability of these new tools in disease staging has significantly impacted therapeutic decisions and the choice of a specific treatment path for each patient, rationalizing the use of neoadjuvant therapies and the performance of surgery with correct anatomical criteria. The preceding has been essential to achieving the best outcomes with the least associated postoperative morbidity. This article will review and explain in detail the most recent changes and up-to-date recommendations for managing rectal cancer.

Resumen El cáncer de recto es el tercer cáncer en frecuencia en Colombia, y constituye un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para gastroenterólogos, cirujanos y oncólogos. La evaluación diagnóstica y el estudio de su extensión locorregional y sistémica se han modificado por nuevos métodos de imagen, que permiten una visualización precisa de estructuras anatómicas que antes no se podían evaluar fácilmente. La disponibilidad de estas nuevas herramientas en la estadificación de la enfermedad ha tenido un gran impacto en las decisiones terapéuticas y en la escogencia de una ruta de tratamiento específica para cada paciente, lo que ha racionalizado el uso de terapias neoadyuvantes y la realización de cirugía con criterios anatómicos correctos. Esto ha sido fundamental en el objetivo de lograr los mejores desenlaces con la menor morbilidad posoperatoria asociada. En este artículo se revisarán y explicarán en detalle cuáles han sido los cambios más recientes y las recomendaciones más actualizadas para el manejo del cáncer de recto.

Ultrasonido endoscópico (USE) y colangio-pancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) sin fluoroscopia en el tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis durante el embarazo: reporte de 2 casos / Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) without fluoroscopy for the treatment of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy: Report of 2 cases

Resumen La enfermedad litiásica biliar es una patología frecuente en mujeres embarazadas, y las complicaciones relacionadas con los cálculos biliares durante el embarazo pueden generar desenlaces adversos tanto en la madre como en el feto. La coledocolitiasis en el embarazo requiere de una aproximación diagnóstica adecuada y su manejo busca minimizar los riesgos de las intervenciones médicas. Se describen dos casos de mujeres embarazadas quienes presentan coledocolitiasis documentada por colangiorresonancia. Se realizó el tratamiento con la combinación de ultrasonido endoscópico (USE) y colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) sin fluoroscopia, con lo cual se logró resolver la coledocolitiasis sin exponer al feto a radiación ionizante, se confirmó la permeabilización del colédoco y se observó una adecuada evolución posoperatoria tanto materna como fetal.

Abstract Biliary lithiasis is a common condition in pregnant women, and complications related to gallstones during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes in both the mother and the fetus. Choledocholithiasis during pregnancy requires an adequate diagnostic approach to minimize the risks of medical interventions. The following are two cases of pregnant women with choledocholithiasis diagnosed using magnetic resonance cholangiography. Treatment included a combination of endoscopic ultrasound and retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) without fluoroscopy, achieving the resolution of choledocholithiasis, without exposing the fetus to ionizing radiation, confirming the permeabilization of the common bile duct, and observing an adequate postoperative evolution of both the mother and the fetus.

The Learning Curve for Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Latin America: A Slide to the Right?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been increasingly used for achalasia in Latin America, where Chagas disease is prevalent, and this makes POEM more challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the learning curve for POEM in Latin America. METHODS: Patients undergoing POEM in Latin America with a single operator were included from a prospective registry over 4 years. Non-linear regression and cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) analyses were conducted for the learning curve. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were included (52% male; mean age, 59 years), of which 80 had type II achalasia (64%), and 38 had Chagas disease (30%). The average pre-procedure and post-procedure Eckardt scores were 6.79 and 1.87, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 93.5% of patients, and clinical success was achieved in 88.8%. Adverse events occurred in 27 patients (22%) and included bleeding (4 patients), pneumothorax (4 patients), mucosal perforation (13 patients), mediastinitis (2 patients), and leakage (4 patients).
The CUSUM chart showed a median procedure time of 97 min (range, 45-196 min), which was achieved at the 61st procedure. Procedure duration progressively decreased, with the last 10 procedures under 50 min approaching a plateau (p-value <0.01). CONCLUSION: Mastering POEM in Latin America requires approximately 61 procedures for both POEM efficiency and to accomplish the procedure within 97 minutes.

Gastrostomía descompresiva en obstrucción gastrointestinal maligna: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Decompressive gastrostomy in patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. Case report and literature review

Resumen La gastrostomía descompresiva durante los últimos años ha surgido como una alternativa de manejo para la paliación de síntomas en personas con enfermedad oncológica terminal que desarrollan obstrucción intestinal sin indicación quirúrgica inicial y es refractaria al manejo médico. El objetivo es brindar calidad de vida a través de la restauración de la vía oral. Sus contraindicaciones han variado con el tiempo; sin embargo, han surgido nuevas técnicas que permiten ampliar el espectro de indicaciones de este procedimiento. Se ha descrito que permite apoyar el control de síntomas, el retorno de la persona a su lugar de cuidado y, posiblemente, el reinicio de la vía oral con la intención de mantener la calidad de vida de la persona.

Abstract In recent years, decompressive gastrostomy has emerged as a therapeutic option for people with terminal cancer who experience intestinal obstruction without an initial surgical indication and refractory to medical treatment. The objective is to provide a better quality of life by restoring the oral route. Its contraindications have varied over time; however, new techniques have allowed broadening the spectrum of indications for this procedure. It has been reported that this technique supports symptom control and allows the return of the patients to their place of care. It could also allow restarting the oral route in order to maintain quality of life.

Úlcera rectal solitaria como simulador de cáncer colorrectal y enfermedad de Crohn: reporte de caso / Solitary rectal ulcer simulating colorectal cancer and Crohn's disease: Case report

Resumen La úlcera rectal solitaria es una patología poco frecuente de naturaleza benigna que debe diferenciarse de otras entidades en su presentación inicial, con mecanismos fisiopatológicos definidos y con sintomatología variada. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 31 años sin antecedentes de importancia, que consultó a nuestra institución por un cuadro de 3 años de sangrado rectal asociado con episodios de diarrea, manejada con múltiples diagnósticos.

Abstract Solitary rectal ulcer is a rare condition of benign nature that must be differentiated from other disorders with defined pathophysiological mechanisms and varied symptoms. The following is the case of a 31-year-old female patient with no relevant history, who consulted our institution due to symptoms of rectal bleeding associated with episodes of diarrhea for three years, who received multiple diagnoses.

Vólvulo gástrico en una paciente nonagenaria: intervención endoscópica y laparoscópica. Reporte de caso / Gastric volvulus in a nonagenarian patient: endoscopic and laparoscopic intervention. Case report

Resumen El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad rara que puede presentarse de manera aguda o crónica y se acompaña de síntomas inespecíficos. Es fundamental su rápida identificación, ya que tiene alta mortalidad y el tratamiento oportuno de esta patología determina el pronóstico del paciente. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 89 años, que consulta por cuadro clínico de dolor torácico atípico, con documentación en radiografía de tórax de vólvulo gástrico organoaxial, en quien se realiza inicialmente devolvulación endoscópica con éxito. Sin embargo, en las imágenes de control se evidencia recurrencia del vólvulo, por lo cual se realizó manejo quirúrgico con hiatoplastia y funduplicatura tipo Toupet, además de gastrostomía percutánea de fijación, procedimiento realizado sin complicaciones, con los que se logró la devolvulación completa sin recurrencia.

Abstract Gastric volvulus is a rare condition that can occur acutely or chronically and is accompanied by nonspecific symptoms. Its rapid identification is critical since it has high mortality rate and timely treatment determines the patient's prognosis. The following is the case of an 89-year-old female patient who presented with atypical chest pain, with organoaxial gastric volvulus on chest X-ray, in whom endoscopic devolvulation was initially performed successfully. However, control imaging scans revealed recurrence. Therefore, surgical management included hiatoplasty and Toupet fundoplication, as well as percutaneous fixation gastrostomy, a procedure that was completed without complications and resulted in complete devolvulation without recurrence.

Ascitis en paciente con colitis ulcerativa como presentación de síndrome de Budd-Chiari: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Ascites in a patient with ulcerative colitis presenting Budd-Chiari syndrome: case report and literature review

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es una patología crónica en la que participa el sistema inmune, que puede acompañarse de manifestaciones extraintestinales en el hígado y vías biliares. El síndrome de Budd-Chiari se ha descrito previamente como una complicación rara de la colitis ulcerativa. Se describe el caso de una paciente joven con antecedente de colitis ulcerativa y trombosis venosa de miembro inferior, en manejo crónico con aminosalicilatos y anticoagulada durante 6 meses, quien debutó con cuadro clínico de ascitis de dos meses de evolución, con líquido ascítico de características hipertensivas, documentación imagenológica y biopsia hepática compatibles con síndrome de Budd-Chiari. Se presenta reporte de caso y revisión breve de la literatura.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease involving the immune system, which can be accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations in the liver and biliary tract. Budd-Chiari syndrome has previously been described as a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. We describe the case of a young patient with a history of ulcerative colitis and venous thrombosis of the lower limb, under chronic management with aminosalicylates, and anticoagulation therapy for the past 6 months, who consulted with a 2-month history of ascites, with hypertension-related ascitic fluid, imaging analysis and liver biopsy compatible with Budd-Chiari syndrome. A case report and a brief literature review are presented.

Variante "no clásica" o "atípica" del síndrome de Stauffer en paciente con carcinoma renal de células claras: reporte de caso / "Non-classical" or "atypical" variant of Stauffer syndrome in a patient with clear cell renal carcinoma: a case report

La manifestación paraneoplásica conocida como síndrome de Stauffer tiene una presentación atípica, caracterizada por ictericia y colestasis intrahepática. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 53 años de edad, con antecedente de una masa renal derecha en plan de resección quirúrgica programada, con cuadro de evolución de dolor abdominal en hipocondrio derecho e ictericia. A su ingreso se documentó hepatoesplenomegalia, elevación de bilirrubinas a expensas de la directa, y de fosfatasa alcalina junto con elevación de transaminasas. Se descartaron causas obstructivas a nivel de vía biliar intra y extrahepática. No se documentaron metástasis o lesiones focales a nivel de parénquima, ni lesiones de etiología vascular que explicaran el cuadro. También se descartó hepatitis B, C e infección por VIH, por lo cual se consideró un probable síndrome de Stauffer. Fue llevado a nefrectomía intrahospitalaria, con posterior diagnóstico patológico compatible con carcinoma de células claras. Luego del procedimiento se normalizó la bioquímica hepática y se corrigió la ictericia. Es importante reconocer que la afectación hepática en el contexto de neoplasias, no es solo atribuida a metástasis a distancia, sino también a la existencia de síndromes paraneoplásicos como condicionantes.

The paraneoplastic manifestation known as Stauffer syndrome has an atypical presentation, characterized by jaundice and intrahepatic cholestasis. We present the case of a 53-year-old patient, with a history of a right renal mass with a planned surgical resection, who developed abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant and jaundice. Upon admission, hepatosplenomegaly, elevated bilirubin, at the expense of direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and elevated transaminases were documented. Intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts obstruction were ruled out. There were no documented metastases or focal lesions at the level of the parenchyma, or lesions of vascular etiology that could explain the condition. Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection were also ruled out, and a probable Stauffer syndrome was considered. In-hospital nephrectomy was performed, with subsequent pathology compatible with clear cell carcinoma. After the procedure, liver biochemistry was normalized and jaundice was corrected. It is important to recognize that liver involvement in the context of neoplasms is not only attributed to distant metastases but to the existence of paraneoplastic syndromes as determining factors.

Megaesófago como complicación de acalasia: reporte de caso y revisión narrativa de la literatura / Megaesophagus as a complication of achalasia: Case report and narrative literature review

Resumen El megaesófago se presenta entre el 5 % y el 20 % de pacientes con acalasia, un trastorno motor esofágico primario reconocido hace más de 300 años, a considerarse en todo paciente con disfagia no explicada por un proceso obstructivo o inflamatorio luego de un estudio endoscópico detallado. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con disfagia progresiva, en quien se documentó megaesófago como complicación de una acalasia de largo tiempo de evolución, no tratada. Se descartó la enfermedad de Chagas mediante enzimoinmunoensayo (ELISA) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), tal como recomiendan las guías actuales. Ante la baja frecuencia de esta entidad en nuestro medio y las implicaciones terapéuticas que tiene para los pacientes con acalasia, se realizó una revisión narrativa en la literatura sobre su diagnóstico y alternativas de manejo.

Abstract Megaesophagus occurs in between 5% and 20% of patients with achalasia. It is a primary esophageal motor disorder that has been known for more than 300 years. It should be considered in all patients with dysphagia that is not explained by an obstructive or inflammatory process after a detailed endoscopic study. The following is the case of a patient with progressive dysphagia, in whom megaesophagus was documented as a complication of untreated, long-standing achalasia. Chagas disease was ruled out by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), as recommended by current guidelines. Given the low frequency of this entity in our environment and the therapeutic implications for patients with achalasia, a narrative literature review was carried out to describe its diagnosis and treatment alternatives.

How does per-oral endoscopic myotomy compare to Heller myotomy? The Latin American perspective.

Background and study aims Both Heller myotomy (HM) and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are efficacious therapies for achalasia. The efficacy and safety of POEM vs HM in Latin America and specifically in patients with Chagas disease is unknown. Patients and methods Consecutive patients undergoing either HM or POEM for achalasia were included from nine Latin American centers in a prospective registry over 5 years. Technical success was defined as undergoing a successful myotomy. Clinical success was defined as achieving an Eckardt score < 3. Data on demographics, procedure info, Eckardt score, and adverse events (AEs) were collected. Student's t test, Chi squared, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results One hundred thirty-three patients were included (59 male; 44 %; mean age 47). POEM was performed in 69 patients, HM in 64 patients. A total of 35 patients had Chagas disease, 17 of 69 in the POEM group, 18 of 64 in the HM group. Both groups had significant reduction in Eckardt scores ( P  < 0.00001), but successful initial therapy was significantly higher in the POEM group compared to the HM group ( P  = 0.01304). AEs were similar in both group (17 % vs 14 %) and consisted of pneumothorax (n = 3 vs 2), bleeding requiring transfusion (n = 3 vs 2), and mediastinitis (n = 3 vs 1). Hospital stay was longer in the HM group than in the POEM group ( P  < 0.00001). In the Chagas subgroup, post-procedure Eckardt score in the POEM group was significantly reduced by 5.71 points ( P  < 0.00001) versus 1.56 points in the HM group ( P  = 0.042793). Conclusion Both HM and POEM are efficacious for achalasia, but POEM was associated with higher initial therapy success and shorter hospital stay in Latin America. In Chagas patients with achalasia, POEM was significantly more effective than HM.

Gastric outlet obstruction as manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare entity. We report a 55-year-old man had no previous atopy or allergic history, who presented abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography and endoscopy ultrasonography demostrated gastric wall thickening with wall thickening of the superior duodenum, without defined mass or fluid collection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed thickening of prepyloric folds and superior duodenum with luminal stenosis. Parcial gastrectomy was performed due to absence of definitive diagnosis and suspicion of possible malignancy and diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction. Histopathology was compatible with EG, treated with an 8-week long corticosteroid therapy, showed clinical improvement, weight gain and normalization of eosinophil count on peripheral blood.

Pneumatosis intestinalis as a presentation of Crohn’s disease: a case report.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is defined as presence of gas within the intestinal wall. It is a rare condition, usually associated with a wide variety of pathologies. It requires a special diagnostic approach to determine underlying etiology. We present the case of a 18 year old woman with chronic abdominal pain, who presents with peritoneal signs and pneumoperitoneum. Laparoscopy showed NI. Thereafter, Crohn´s disease was diagnosed by balloon enteroscopy.

Enteritis por radiación: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Radiation enteritis. Case report and literature review

Resumen La enteritis por radiación es una patología causada por la radiación que se suministra durante el manejo de neoplasias radiosensibles. Esta enfermedad puede clasificarse en enteritis aguda o crónica, en las cuales es posible que se desarrollen síntomas por malabsorción u obstrucción intestinal, que alteran la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Presentamos el reporte de caso de un paciente masculino de 67 años, con antecedente de adenocarcinoma difuso con células en anillo de sello infiltrante y compromiso de todo el espesor de la pared gástrica, quien había recibido un manejo quirúrgico mediante gastrectomía total, asociado a quimio-radioterapia. El individuo consultó por síntomas de obstrucción intestinal. En principio, se consideró la existencia de una recaída tumoral. Sin embargo, se corroboró que los síntomas estaban relacionados con el compromiso causado por la radiación.

Abstract Radiation enteritis is a pathology caused by radiation therapy, used to treat radiosensitive tumors. Acute or chronic enteritis may be suspected in the presence of symptoms such as malabsorption or intestinal obstruction, which alter the patients quality of life. The following is the case report of a 67-year-old male patient, who consulted for symptoms of intestinal obstruction, with a history of diffuse type adenocarcinoma with infiltrating signet ring cells involving the entire thickness of the gastric wall. The patient underwent a total gastrectomy associated with chemoradiotherapy.