[Molecular-biological characteristic of Yersinia enterocolitica circulating in various regions of Russian Federation].

AIM: Complex characteristic by phenotype signs and main virulence genes of Yersinia enterocolitica strains circulating in various regions of Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 strains of Y. enterocolitica of 2 - 4 biotypes and 401 strains of Y. enterocolitica IA biotype isolated in 15 administrative territories of Russian Federation (Siberian, Far Eastern, Northwestern, Urals Federal Districts) from infected people, rodents, agricultural animals, birds, the environment were studied. Phagotyping was performed in the reference laboratory of the Pasteur Institute (Paris). All the Y. enterocolitica cultures were studied for the presence of ail, ystB and ystA genes by PCR method. Presence of virulence plasmid pYVwas determined by gel electrophoresis by T. Kieser method. RESULTS: 447 strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A and 2 - 4 were studied. Most of the strains belonged to serotypes O:3; O:9; O: 5; O: 6,30; O:6,31; O:7,8. Phagotyping was performed for part of the strains. Phagotypes Xz and Xo were determined in biotype 1A strains. 2 - 4 biotype strains circulating in Siberia and the Far East were characterized by phagotype VIII, X3 that are present in other countries, and phagotype Xz that is spread only in Russia. Phagotypes IXa, IXb, II that are characteristic for strains from Canada, South Africa, Japan were not detected in Russian Federation. All the strains of 2 - 4 biotypes had ail and ystA genes. Most of the recently isolated strains had pYV. The only pathogenicity factor detected in 81.3% of biotype 1A strains including 14 strains from patients was ystB gene. These infections were accompanied by an expressed clinical symptomatology of enteritis and enterocolitis. CONCLUSION: Isolation of 1A biotype strains from patients necessitates execution of diagnostic studies of intestinal yersiniosis in patients with diagnosis "acute intestinal infection of undetermined etiology".

[Nebivolol effects on the cardiovascular system and the kidneys in pregnant and puerperal women with hypertension].

AIM: To study nebivolol efficacy in pregnant and puerperal women with hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Monitoring of endothelial function, central and peripheral hemodynamics (HD), myocardial function, intrarenal circulation and microalbuminuria (MAU) was performed in 90 pregnant (67 hypertensive and 23 normotensive) and 18 puerperal women who were diagnosed to have hypertension in pregnancy. The above parameters were estimated in 23 hypertensive gravidas and 18 puerperas treated with nebivolol. RESULTS: Hypertensive gravidas had marked endothelial dysfunction (ED), impaired intrarenal HD, MAU, high total peripheral vascular resistance and left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMMI). The puerperas with hypertension had ED, MAU, frequently HD disorders and a trend to a LVMMI rise. Nebivolol effectively reduced blood pressure, had a nephroprotective action, and improved HD and endothelial function. CONCLUSION: Nebivolol (a highly selective beta 1-adrenoblocker) administration is effective pathogenetic treatment of pregnant and puerperal women with hypertension and may improve short- and long-term prognoses of such patients.

Controlled field trials of paratyphoid B vaccine and evaluation of the effectiveness of a single administration of typhoid vaccine.

In 1963 and 1964 field trials were organized in the USSR for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of paratyphoid B vaccine. An opportunity was thereby afforded to assess the effectiveness of a single administration of typhoid vaccine, used as the preparation administered to the paratyphoid control group of 89 046 persons. Similarly, the control group used for assessing the effectiveness of the typhoid vaccine was the group of 86 620 persons inoculated with the paratyphoid vaccine.It was established that it is, in principle, possible to immunize people effectively against paratyphoid B by administering heat-killed paratyphoid B vaccine prepared from an aerated broth culture. It was found that the protective effect of the vaccine depends upon the size of the dose and the number of times it is administered. A protective effect was produced when a dose of 6 x 10(8) organisms was administered to persons from 7 to 16 years of age. Two inoculations of the paratyphoid B vaccine ensured protection over the 30 months that the observations lasted, whereas a single administration only conferred protection for up to one year.It was also confirmed that it is possible to obtain a protective effect with a single administration of a heat-killed typhoid vaccine prepared from an aerated broth culture. A single administration of the typhoid vaccine had a less marked protective effect (index of effectiveness 58%) than 2 administrations, a fall in the level of the protection conferred occurring during the year after immunization. The frequency and intensity of general and local reactions were identical for equal doses of typhoid and paratyphoid B vaccine.

A controlled field trial and laboratory study of five typhoid vaccines in the USSR.

A controlled field trial of typhoid vaccines was carried out in the USSR in 1962. It was the fifth and last of a series. Five preparations were tested, the most effective being a heat-killed divalent vaccine prepared from aerated broth culture. The results of a laboratory study of the vaccines were not in complete agreement with the data from the field trial. No correlation was found between the effectiveness of vaccines and the data from laboratory tests as to their potency, and the authors suggest that differences in effectiveness may be due to varying degrees of damage to biological components during the different production processes. The effectiveness is also sensitive to dosage.