Detection Accuracy of Bone Defects Depending on Exposure Settings of Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Despite the widespread use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), few articles have been published to assess the accuracy in detecting alveolar bone defects using different CBCT exposure settings. A human cadaver with rounded bone defects in various locations was scanned using a CBCT scanner at different settings. Four examiners twice studied 1,500 cross-sectional digital and printed slices for defect presence, location, and size. High-resolution zoom mode achieved the highest overall accuracy. Moreover, apical location of the defects significantly affected overall accuracy. Bone defect detection depends upon exposure settings of CBCT scans. Exposure settings and field of view dimensions should be individualized per case.

A randomized controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses (chlorhexidine with or without alcohol and C31G), adjunct to periodontal surgery, in early wound healing.

OBJECTIVES: The use of chlorhexidine (CHX) with or without alcohol has been recommended for a number of clinical applications. On the other hand, there is a plethora of widely subscribed antiseptics, such as agent C31G (alkyl dimethyl glycine/alkyl dimethyl amine oxide), which has not yet been evaluated postsurgically. The effectiveness of three different mouthrinses (CHX with and without alcohol, C31G) in plaque control and early wound healing was compared postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial 42 patients were allocated to three groups assigned to 2 weeks rinsing after non-regenerative periodontal flap surgery with or without osseous surgery with C31G (group A), alcohol-free CHX 0.12% (group B) or alcohol-based CHX 0.12% (group C). At days 7 and 14, plaque and early wound healing indices were recorded. At day 14, total bacterial counts were estimated utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Statistics included linear and generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS: At day 7, healing response was not significantly different among groups. At day 14, group A revealed the highest while group C demonstrated the lowest plaque index values (B vs A, odds ratio-OR = 0.18, p = 0.012; C vs A, OR = 0.01, p < 0.001; C vs B, OR = 0.06, p < 0.001). Group C demonstrated the lowest bacterial counts levels at day 14 (38.470 × 106, 48.190 × 106, and 3.020 × 106 for groups A, B, and C, respectively). At day 14, healing was significantly better in group C compared to B (p = 0.007). Group A showed no significant differences compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The presence of alcohol may increase the effectiveness of CHX in early wound healing, (2) C31G might be an alternative solution prescribed during early postoperative period after non-regenerative periodontal flap surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present study found that active agent C31G displayed no significant differences to CHX formulations regarding periodontal wound healing improvement and might be used alternatively after non-regenerative periodontal flap surgery. In addition, an alcohol based 0.12% CHX mouthwash was more effective than an alcohol-free 0.12% CHX and C31G mouthrinse on plaque control in the absence of mechanical oral hygiene.

Endothelial cells of oral pyogenic granulomas express eNOS and CD105/endoglin: an immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND: The pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common localized hyperplastic lesion of the oral cavity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) and CD105/endoglin in oral PGs, to evaluate their involvement in the angiogenetic pathways of the lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three PGs were included in the study. Sixteen tumors were further sub-classified as pregnancy tumors (PT) and seventeen as pyogenic granulomas with fibrosis (PGFM). Immunohistochemical expression of eNOS and CD105/endoglin was quantified by computerized image analysis with a semi-automated system. Percentage of staining and number of objects (positive vessels) were recorded for each case. RESULTS: Intense eNOS expression was seen in 92 of 93 lesions. A statistically significant association was found between eNOS percentage of staining/eNOS positive vascular spaces (objects) and age of the patients (9% increase per decade of life). Approximately 40% less eNOS positive objects were recorded in PGFM compared with PGs. Intense membranous CD105/endoglin expression was seen in all cases. The percentage of CD105/endoglin staining was statistically increased in PGs compared with PT. Approximately 40% less CD105/endoglin objects were found in PGFM compared with PGs; 56% more CD105/endoglin objects were found in tongue lesions, compared with gingival lesions. There was no statistically significant correlation considering percentage of staining and number of objects between CD105/endoglin and eNOS. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that eNOS and CD105/endoglin are involved in the angiogenetic pathways of PG.