[An in-vitro leukocytolysis method for the diagnosis of a drug allergy]. / Metod leikotsitoliza in vitro dlia diagnostiki lekarstvennoi allergii.

The authors analyze published data on various modifications of the specific leukocyte lysis test (SLLT) and their own findings on in vitro osmotic leukocytolysis caused by low-molecular nonelectrolytes (urea, glycerol, and glucose), and present the estimation of osmotic pressure of these agents' solutions in equimolar concentrations. In contrast to the specific effect of allergens, an osmotic component of nonspecific leukocyte lysis is considered. A universal approach to the choice of working doses of drug in SLLT is proposed: equimolar solutions of the allergens (chemical and medicinal compounds). The necessity of further theoretical and practical research of SLLT is validated.

[The determination of leukocyte osmotic resistance in hypertonic solutions of low-molecular nonelectrolytes]. / Opredelenie osmoticheskoi stoikosti leikotsitov v gipertonicheskikh rastvorakh nizkomolekuliarnykh neélektrolitov.

A method for in vitro assessment of blood leukocyte osmotic stability has been developed. A characteristic feature of this method is assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters in hypo- and hypertonic solutions of low-molecular nonelectrolytes characterized by erythrocytolytic properties (glycerol, urea, dimexide). The error is +/- 10%. The results of the method are compatible and reproducible, it gives sufficient volume of information about leukocyte osmotic stability as an integral indicator of these cells physicochemical properties. A parabolic type of osmotic stability relationship with concentrations in the 0.04 to 5.0 M range has been detected. The optimal concentrations at which the highest leukocyte intactness is observed are 2.0 M for glycerol, 0.5 M for urea, and 5.0 M for dimexide.

[Leukocytolysis and phagocytosis under hyperosmotic conditions]. / Leikotsitoliz i fagotsitoz v giperosmoticheskikh usloviiakh.

PAN and leukocytolysis were measured in dog blood placed in hypo- and hypertonic solutions of glycerin and glucose (1:10). It was found that leukocytolytic activity of the substances depends on equimolar concentrations of nonelectrolytes. It is more pronounced in hypo- than in hypertonic conditions. Glycerin is 3-5-times more active than glucose. In concentrations 2.0 M for glycerin and 0.5 M for glucose leukocytolysis is less active. Mononuclears are more resistant than neutrophils in strong solutions. PAN increased by 11-16% in hypotonic solutions. Strong glycerin solutions reduce PAN less than glucose which stimulates the digestive activity. The results can be of use in specific leukolysis tests to diagnose drug allergy.

[The effect of hemosorbents on the structure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in man]. / Vliianie gemosorbentov na strukturu polimorfnoiadernykh leikotsitov cheloveka.

The effect of various hemosorbents (HS)--carbon and textile--on the structure of neutrophils has been studied in vitro. It has been shown that the mechanism of cell degranulation is universal on various HS and does not depend on the anticoagulant used or on blood donor diseases. The degree of degranulation both for primary and for secondary granules increases with the prolongation of blood contact with HS, directly depends on HS--blood ratio and is determined mainly by the type of HS: degranulation on textile HS is considerably greater than that on carbon HS. Degranulation was confirmed by elevated blood plasma concentration of lactoferrin, a specific marker of secondary neutrophil granules. It is suggested that cell degranulation on HS leading to a considerable posthemosorption increase in the blood plasma level of biologically active intracellular components is essential in the process responsible for correcting hemosorption effect in different diseases.