RESUMEN
During a period of 5 yr, 2,418 fine-needle aspirations (FNA) were performed on 2,216 patients with superficial lymphadenopathy. Chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis was the commonest inflammatory lesion followed by tuberculosis. Among malignant lesions, metastatic tumors were most common followed by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The FNAC findings were correlated with subsequent histopathological diagnosis in 1,041 cases. The sensitivity rates of FNAC in tuberculosis, metastatic tumors, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to be 83.3, 97, 30, and 80.3%, respectively, the specificity being 94.3, 98.9, 98.6, and 95.4% in the same order. Immunocytochemical tests performed on the aspirated material helped in classifying the metastatic poorly differentiated tumors and confirming the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Effects of FNA on subsequent biopsy in 81 lymph nodes with benign hyperplasia were studied and showed that aspiration does not interfere with subsequent histologic assessment. Thus FNAC is a simple, inexpensive procedure, and when complemented by appropriate immunocytochemical studies is accurate and reliable for routine diagnosis of lymphadenopathy.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja , Enfermedades Linfáticas/patología , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
A retrospective analysis of autopsies conducted on perinatal deaths during 7 years period (Oct 1983 to Sept 1990) was done. There were 650 neonatal deaths and 944 still births during the study period. Autopsy rates among neonates and still births were 33% and 4.9% respectively. There ware significant findings in 97.2% of neonatal deaths and in all still births. Pulmonary lesions followed by congenital malformations were the major pathological findings. Infection was observed among smaller number of babies compared to other Indian studies. Autopsy revealed many internal congenital malformations which were not diagnosed clinically. Autopsy changed or added to clinical diagnosis in 59.5% of cases. Perinatal autopsy is highly productive in our set up.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Fetal/patología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/patología , Autopsia , Causas de Muerte , Femenino , Humanos , India , Recién Nacido , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Alport's syndrome (hereditary nephritis with deafness), is an uncommon disease and is seen very infrequently in India. We report a fatal case in a young girl with characteristic ultrastructural changes in the kidney thus emphasising the exception noted in the observation that females have a better prognosis compared to males.
Asunto(s)
Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Adolescente , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/ultraestructura , Nefritis Hereditaria/terapiaRESUMEN
The AgNOR stain was performed on seventeen cases of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the oral cavity and genital tract, seventeen cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the same regions, and nineteen cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, to determine whether the stain could help to distinguish pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia from squamous cell carcinoma. No constant relationship of the AgNOR score to the grade of the lesion could be determined. Follow up of some of the cases was possible. Here, too, it was seen that the AgNOR score could not reliably predict which cases of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia would progress to squamous cell carcinoma, and which cases of squamous cell carcinoma would suffer a relapse.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Cuello del Útero/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Boca/patología , Región Organizadora del Nucléolo/química , Neoplasias del Pene/diagnóstico , Pene/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/ultraestructura , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Boca/ultraestructura , Neoplasias del Pene/ultraestructura , Tinción con Nitrato de Plata , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC of abdominal masses without the help of radiological guidance and to determine factors which affect the outcome of the procedure. Five hundred consecutive patients were studied. FNAC was reported by a single cytopathologist without knowledge of subsequent histology. In calculating indices of accuracy of FNAC only those patients in whom both FNAC and histology reports were available (N = 383) were considered. The overall incidence of unsatisfactory specimens was 5.6%. Consistency of the mass did not affect accuracy of FNAC. However, age (below 12 years) plane of the swelling, mobility of mass and size of the swelling, all significantly affected the adequacy of cytological yield. The overall true positive rate was 100.0% and there were no false positives. The true negative rate was 40.2% and false negative rate was 70.9%. The high false negative rates in hepatic and pancreatic lesions can be reduced by imaging techniques. Luminal organs had poor accuracy rates. The overall accuracy rate was 73.5%, comparable to that reported in literature. A positive diagnosis of malignancy had a 100% predictive value. Overall, it appears that nonguided FNAC is as accurate as guided FNAC except for very small lesions or discrete lesions such as hepatic secondaries where guidance may be useful.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Abdominales/patología , Biopsia con Aguja , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Bleeding time, clot retraction, platelet factor 3 availability and platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, collagen and ristocetin were studied in 13 cases of acute leukemia which included 5 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 2 of chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis and 6 of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. More than one abnormality was seen in all the patients. Defects in bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet factor 3 availability were encountered in 43% of cases. Platelet aggregation responses to all the reagents were significantly impaired. There was, however, no consistency in the pattern of the defects.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/fisiología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/sangre , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/sangre , Crisis Blástica/sangre , Humanos , Agregación Plaquetaria/fisiología , Pruebas de Función PlaquetariaRESUMEN
Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax due to silicotic alveolar proteinosis is reported because of its rarity.
Asunto(s)
Neumotórax/etiología , Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar/complicaciones , Silicosis/complicaciones , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar/etiologíaRESUMEN
One hundred and thirty-nine cases of rhinosporidiosis diagnosed histopathologically over a period of 4 years were analysed. Nasal rhinosporidiosis is common among males who bathe in stagnant ponds while ocular rhinosporidiosis is common among urban females. There is a seasonal variation in the incidence of nasal and ocular rhinosporidiosis.
Asunto(s)
Rinosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Recurrencia , Rinosporidiosis/epidemiología , Rinosporidiosis/patología , Estaciones del Año , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Bleeding time, clot retraction, platelet factor 3 availability and platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, collagen and ristocetin were studied in 12 cases of chronic leukemia which included eight of chronic myeloid leukemia, two of chronic lymphatic leukemia and two of CLL related disorders. One or more abnormalities in platelet function were detected in all the cases. Among the cases of CML, bleeding time was prolonged in one, clot retraction was impaired in one and PF3 availability was decreased in one case. Defects in platelet aggregation were variable. Among the cases of CLL and CLL related disorders, bleeding time was prolonged in two, clot retraction was impaired in one and PF3 availability was decreased in three cases. Platelet aggregation responses were significantly impaired in all the cases.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/fisiología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide/sangre , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Pruebas de Función PlaquetariaRESUMEN
Three patients of Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) have been managed for recurrent tumours. Improvement in pigment pattern was observed at both the donor as well as the recipient sites. An attempt has been made to prevent further occurrence of tumours over the exposed parts of the body by resurfacing and also by dermabrasion. A comparative study of the two procedures is being carried out and the preliminary results are discussed. Deep dermabrasion appears to be preferable as a prophylactic procedure.
Asunto(s)
Dermabrasión , Neoplasias Faciales/cirugía , Trasplante de Piel , Xerodermia Pigmentosa/cirugía , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , MusloRESUMEN
The effects of percutaneous bone-marrow grafting done on the fifth day after osteotomies and induced defects of the shaft of the radius were studied in 41 adult rabbits. At 2 and 3 weeks, the callus volume was larger in the grafted radii than in the controls. Serial radiographs and gross and histologic findings confirmed that percutaneous bone-marrow grafting improved healing of osteotomies and defects at 4 weeks.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Callo Óseo/fisiopatología , Osteotomía , Fracturas del Radio/terapia , Animales , Callo Óseo/anatomía & histología , Conejos , Radiografía , Fracturas del Radio/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Radio/fisiopatología , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
A rare case of malignant granular cell tumour of the anterior abdominal wall in a woman of 30 years is reported and and the relevent literature is briefly reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Abdominales/patología , Tumor de Células Granulares/patología , Músculos Abdominales/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Tumor de Células Granulares/cirugía , HumanosRESUMEN
Among the fungal pathogens the species Fusariam solani causing systemic infection is very rare and generally causes systemic infection only in an immuno-compromised host. We report a systemic infection caused by F. solani in a non-immunocompromised adult male, to our knowledge the first such case report.
Asunto(s)
Fusarium/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatopatías/microbiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Micosis/microbiología , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely employed tool in the investigative work-up of patients with single thyroid nodules. Although its advantages are well documented, the limitations and problems in interpretation of FNAC in this condition are not well known. Experience with FNAC in 150 patients with solitary thyroid nodules is presented, highlighting the pitfalls of this technique. There was an inadequate specimen rate of 22.7% which declined with increasing experience. Follicular carcinomas could not be differentiated from follicular adenomas by cytology. Difficulties may arise in the detection of papillary carcinomas due to occult lesions, mixed papillary and follicular carcinomas or due to associated thyroid pathology. False positivity is, however, much rarer and is generally due to cellular adenomatous goitres with marked papillary activity. In view of these cytologic limitations, care must be exercised by the treating physician in interpreting cytological results.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja/normas , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/patología , Glándula Tiroides/patología , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/patología , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Bocio/diagnóstico , Bocio/patología , Humanos , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
Tumoral calcinosis is an interesting clinical entity. It is not uncommon in certain countries. We report our experience with 22 patients with this condition seen over a 7-year period and review in detail the modalities of clinical presentation, theories of etiogenesis, histological appearances, and treatment modalities.
Asunto(s)
Calcinosis/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The antifertility activity of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3), isolated from the flowers of Eugenia jambolana, was evaluated in male albino rats. The administration of the compound for 60 days decreased the fertilizing capacity of the animals without any significant changes in body weight or reproductive organ weights. The compound produced arrest of spermatogenesis but did not cause any abnormality to spermatogenic cells, Leydig interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. Oleanolic acid may prove to be a promising antifertility agent devoid of undesirable side effects.