[Indications for retinal laser coagulation in the treatment of retinoschisis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment]. / Pokazaniya k primeneniyu lazernoi koagulyatsii setchatki v lechenii retinoshizisa i regmatogennoi otsloiki setchatki.

PURPOSE: To determine the indications and assess the effectiveness of laser coagulation of the retina (RLC) after different types of surgeries for retinal detachment (RD), except vitrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 160 patients (165 eyes) with various types of retinal detachment and retinoschisis who remained under observation for 11 years. RESULTS: In case of retinal tear with a slight local RD (less than one quadrant), we recommend the use of RLC as monotherapy. Such patients are indicated to undergo regular examinations (1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year). Due to risk of tractional defects of the retina in the lower quadrants during the introduction of gas-air mixture into the vitreous cavity, in the presence of retinal pathology it is recommended to perform RLC before the pneumatic retinopexy stage. In large retinal tears, despite their upper localization, pneumatic retinopexy is not indicated due to the possibility of gas spilling over the edges of the tear under the retina, leading to an increase in the initial size of the tear and spread of RD. We noted the effectiveness of RLC monotherapy for retinal detachment of various localization. After sealing the sclera, retinal laser coagulation on the shaft along the seal is necessary to limit the tear along the edge, since over time the seal may shift causing a relapse of RD. CONCLUSION: The study has confirmed the effectiveness of laser coagulation of the retina as an independent method for the treatment of retinoschisis and retinal tears with local detachment.

[Persistent hyaloid artery in an adult (a case report)]. / Persistiruyushchaya arteriya steklovidnogo tela u vzroslogo (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

The article presents a clinical case of a functioning hyaloid artery in a 69-year-old patient. The results of OCT-angiography made it possible to detect the presence of blood flow in the projection of the persistent hyaloid artery (PHA) on the cross-section and en-face images. The vascular bed of PHA spreading along the posterior surface of the lens in the form of separate branches was visualized by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The uniqueness of this clinical case lies in the low probability of such findings in the elderly. The presence of a developing cataract indicates the need for an individual approach in determining treatment strategies. In our opinion, the consistent use of laser coagulation technologies and laser photodestruction of PHA will minimize the risk of hemophthalmos and tractional retinal detachment during the upcoming cataract surgery.

[Results of laser confocal microscopy of the cornea in viral uveitis (a preliminary report)]. / Rezul'taty lazernoi konfokal'noi mikroskopii rogovitsy pri virusnykh uveitakh (predvaritel'noe soobshchenie).

Herpesviruses involve neurotropic activity (they affect nerve cells) and have the ability to induce an immune response (a special tropism for immune tissue), which provides a valid reason for studying the possibilities of visualizing nerve fibers of the cornea and Langerhans cells (LC) in viral uveitis (with prospective applications in early diagnosis). PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of laser corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in viral uveitis of varying localization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main study group included 23 patients (23 eyes) diagnosed with unilateral herpesviral uveitis (chorioretinitis), the patients' age varied from 18 to 79 years. The control group comprised 19 healthy volunteers (38 eyes) aged 20 to 75 years. In addition, the paired eyes of the main group patients were examined. In all patients, standard ophthalmologic examination was complemented with CCM performed on the HRT III device with a corneal module, followed by analysis of the course and structure of corneal nerve fibers (CNF) using copyrighted software Liner 1.2. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results achieved in this study outline the prospects for further research on the state of cornea (in particular, changes in the course and structure of CNF, and the presence of dendritiform cells of Langerhans) with laser CCM in patients with uveitis of various etiologies. These morphological changes also has potential use as diagnostic markers of inflammation of the uveal tract. The main criteria for assessing the state of cornea in viral uveitis include the following: increased tortuosity of CNF, increase in the number and size of Langerhans cells. Further research - in particular, studying the integrated use of diagnostic methods necessary for the verification of viral uveitis, as well as detailed analysis of the history and clinical picture of the disease - is required to substantiate the inclusion of laser confocal microscopy method in the algorithm for the diagnosis of viral uveitis.

[Ocular thrombotic microangiopathy in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (a clinical case study)]. / Tromboticheskaia mikroangiopatiia glaza pri atipichnom gemolitiko-uremicheskom sindrome (klinicheskoe nabliudenie).

The article presents a clinical observation of ocular thrombotic microangiopathy in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome - a rare genetic disease characterized by systemic thrombosis caused by uncontrolled activation of alternative complement pathway. A typical manifestation of this ocular lesion in this disease is bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy. Timely diagnostics of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, including ophthalmologic examination, determines the early start of a highly effective pathogenetic therapy with complement inhibitor eculizumab.

[Electrophysiological studies of the retina in antiphospholipid syndrome]. / Élektrofiziologicheskoe issledovanie setchatki pri antifosfolipidnom sindrome.

AIM: to evaluate the functional state of the retina in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) through different types of electroretinography (ERG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total ERG (t-ERG), local macular ERG (m-ERG), and oscillatory potentials (OP) were recorded in 56 patients with verified APS. RESULTS: In most patients with APS, ERG was of abnormal appearance, particularly, t-ERG was notable for reliably lower a- and b-wave amplitudes (70% of cases), m-ERG - for lower amplitudes and shorter latency (64% of cases). Pathological changes of t-ERG and m-ERG components were equally common in patients with and without retinal vascular occlusions. Linear dependence was established between the decrease in b-wave amplitude of subnormal t-ERG and the Vs value in the central retinal artery. A decrease in the OP index and OP configuration distortion were found in 82% of patients. At that, OP indices tended to be lower in patients from the retinal vascular occlusions group. CONCLUSION: The use of different types of ERG enable detection of not only local, but also generalized retinal changes in APS. Regardless of the presence of retinal occlusion, APS patients show suppression of biopotential in most of cellular elements of the retina due to ischemia. Despite high visual acuity, the local macular potential gets significantly reduced in more than half of APS patients. Oscillatory potentials recording is a highly sensitive method for diagnosis of retinal ischmia in APS.

[Results of infrared diode laser application for iris reconstruction in cases of pupillary deformity and displacement in pseudophakic eyes].

The article studies application possibilities and potency of near infrared coagulative radiation of a diode laser for correction of postoperative iris defects followed by pupillary deformities and displacement. It is found that the use of near infrared diode laser radiation at 0.810 microm enables visual improvement through pupil enlargement or its shift to the optical centre. The use of the wavelength specified does not cause severe atrophic or cosmetic changes in the iris.

[Laser iris reconstruction in pupil deformities and dislocation in aphakia and pseudophakia].

Up-to-date methods of laser iris reconstruction in pupil deformities and dislocation are presented (photomydriasis, corepraxia, synechiolysis).

[Efficiency of laser coagulation in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment].

A hundred and seventeen (143 eyes) patients with different types of retinal detachment were examined. The patients were treated by laser coagulation on a LAHTA device (Milon). The clinical findings indicated the efficiency of retinal laser coagulation as an independent treatment for retinal rhegmatogenous detachment and indications for laser coagulation were defined in the following types of retinal detachment: subclinical local retinal detachment; fresh mobile retinal detachment (Stages A and B); non-mobile retinal detachment occupying not more than one quadrant, and partially self-circumscribed retinal detachment (Stages B and C1) taking up the lower quadrants. The benefits of this method are noninvasiveness and high functional results, which enables laser coagulation to be regarded as an independent effective treatment for the above types of retinal detachment.

[Experimental (in vivo) study of the capacities of use of radachlorine (chlorine E-6) for photodynamic therapy in ophthalmology].

To study the capacities of ophthalmological application of the photosensitizer Radachlorine (0.35% solution for intravenous injection), the authors carried out a series of in vivo experiments on rabbits. They studied the time parameters of distribution of the agent in the chorioretinal complex and the reaction of newly formed vessels to photodynamic therapy. Radiation of a diode laser at a wavelength of 0.662 microm was used to stimulate the photosensitizer. A video micro-camera adapted to the ocular of a split lamp was applied to fluorescence fixation. Superficial corneal vascularization was used as a model of the neovascular membrane in response to the application of a non-penetrating silk suture. The findings suggest that photodynamic therapy using Radachlorine is safe and effective in treating ocular tissue neovascularization.