RESUMEN
The evaluation of data regarding rehabilitation practices provides reference values for comparison purposes among different rehabilitation centers to critically review protocols and efficiently improve each center. The aim of the present work was to present the main causes of admission to Rescate Wildlife Rescue Center for each taxonomic group, to determine the admission factors that influenced the release and mortality, and to determine the predictive factors of release and mortality of wildlife. To this end, a retrospective study was carried out based on 5785 admissions registered in the database of Rescate Wildlife Rescue Center in Costa Rica in 2020 and 2021. Statistical analysis consisted of sample characterization via the analysis of several categorical variables: species, order, class, age group, cause of admission, outcome, clinical classification and days in the hospital, and respective association with the mortality or release rate. Most of the rescue animals were birds (59.3%), then mammals (20.7%), reptiles (17.4%), and finally 'others' (2.6%). The main causes of admission were 'captivity' (34.9%), 'found' (23.3%), and 'trauma' (19.3%). Animals rescued due to 'captivity' and the classes 'birds' and 'reptiles' had the highest release rates. The causes of admission 'trauma' and 'orphanhood' and the class 'birds' had the highest mortality rates. In general, a greater number of days spent in the hospital and membership in the classes 'reptiles', 'juveniles', in need of 'basic care', or 'clinically healthy' were predictors of survival. In contrast, the age groups 'infant' and 'nestling' were predictors of mortality. These results demonstrate the value of maintaining, improving, and studying databases from wildlife rehabilitation centers, as they can provide useful information that can be used to enhance the allocation of economic resources, treatment methods, disease surveillance, public education, and regulatory decision-making, leading to a better understanding of threats to wildlife and subsequent implementation of conservation actions.
RESUMEN
Resumen La sintomatología depresiva es frecuente en las mujeres durante el período periparto, impacta negativamente el desarrollo infantil y puede mostrar un incremento cuando la maternidad se desarrolla en contextos carcelarios. Objetivo: realizar intervenciones grupales en dos grupos, uno conformado por mujeres embarazadas y otro por díadas madre-infante, que se encontraban cumpliendo condena en cárceles chilenas, y evaluar su efecto en la sintomatología depresiva materna y en el desarrollo socioemocional infantil. Método: Participaron 60 madres recluidas en recintos carcelarios chilenos, 30 embarazadas y 30 díadas (madres-infante). Se realizaron análisis de regresión multinivel para medidas repetidas de la sintomatología depresiva materna (BDI) en ambos grupos y del desarrollo socioemocional (ASQ-SE) en los niños/as participantes en la intervención para díadas. Resultados: se observó una reducción significativa de la sintomatología depresiva en las mujeres embarazadas (b=-3.60, t(29)=-2.66, p=.031) y en las madres con hijos/as nacidos (b=-0.1499, t(93)=-5.3, p=<.001), así como una reducción de las dificultades en el desarrollo socioemocional infantil (b=-15.26, t(18)=-4.107, p=.001). Conclusión: se discute la relevancia de contar con alternativas psicoterapéuticas para el abordaje de la depresión en madres privadas de libertad y la promoción de un desarrollo socioemocional saludable de sus hijos/as.
Abstract Women may frequently present depressive symptomatology during the peripartum period, it impacts negatively child development and may show an increase when motherhood takes place in prison contexts. Furthermore, the negative effects of maternal depression on children's development have been demonstrated by research findings. Aim: To evaluate the effect of two group interventions for pregnant women and mother-infant dyads with children under 2 years of age, on maternal depressive symptomatology and on the children's development. Method: The sample considered 60 incarcerated women from Chilean prisons all over the country; 30 pregnant women and 30 mothers with children under 2 years of age. Multilevel regression analysis for repeated measures were performed for maternal symptomatology (BDI) in both groups and for children's development (ASQ-SE) in the dyad's group. Results: It was observed Significant reductions in the depressive symptomatology frequencies in the pregnant women (b=-3.60, t(29)=-2.66, p=.031) and in the mothers who participated in the dyad's intervention group (b=-0.1499, t(93)=-5.3, p=<.001), as well as a reduction in child social-emotional development difficulties (b=-15.26, t(18)=-4.107, p=.001). Conclusion: The discussion section addresses the relevance of providing psychological support to imprisoned mother/child dyads, to treat maternal depression and to promote a healthy development of the children who grow up in prison contexts.