Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un área de salud / Prevalence and risk factors of age-related memory disorder in a health district

Introducción. El envejecimiento normal se caracterizapor la alteración de las funciones cognitivas. En 1958 Kral defineel ‘olvido benigno de la senescencia’ para designar un trastornomnésico diferente del envejecimiento normal. En 1986 un grupo deinvestigadores del National Institute of Mental Health y otros centrospropone una nueva entidad neuropsicológica denominada trastornode la memoria asociado a la edad. Actualmente constituye unreto para la comunidad científica establecer la prevalencia, la evolucióny los factores de riesgo de esta entidad. Objetivos. Establecerla prevalencia y precisar algunos factores de riesgo en el trastornode la memoria asociado a la edad. Sujetos y métodos. Eluniverso estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes mayores de 50años de edad de un área de salud (234 individuos), a los que se lesaplicaron los criterios diagnósticos. Además de a los pacientes, seseleccionó un grupo control para establecer correlación con factoresde riesgo seleccionados. Resultados y conclusiones. La prevalenciaobtenida fue del 39,7%; de ellos, el 38,7% correspondía alsexo masculino y el 40,4% al femenino. También se observó que amayor edad del paciente y años de evolución, hay mayor deteriorode la memoria. Con relación a los factores de riesgo, se comprobóque el hábito de fumar y las características psicosociales constituyeronfactores predisponentes, no así la hipertensión arterial, el antecedentede demencia y la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas

Introduction. Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coinedthe term ‘benign senescent forgetfulness’ to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normalaging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychologicalentity called age-related memory disorder. The determination of the prevalence, progression and risk factors ofthis condition currently represents an important challenge for the scientific community. Aims. To establish the rate of prevalenceand to identify some of the risk factors involved in age-related memory disorders. Subjects and methods. The universeconsisted of all the patients over 50 years of age from a health district (234 individuals); the diagnostic criteria were appliedto the whole sample. In addition to the patients, a control group was also chosen in order to be able to establish a correlationwith selected risk factors. Results and conclusions. The prevalence rate was found to be 39.7%, of which 38.7% were malesand 40.4% were females. It was also observed that the impairment was greater as the patient’s age and the length of thedisease history increased. As far as risk factors are concerned, it was observed that smoking and psychosocial characteristicsconstitute predisposing factors, while this was not the case for arterial hypertension, a history of dementia and the satisfactionof basic needs

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un área de salud

El envejecimiento normal se caracteriza por la alteración de las funciones cognitivas. En 1958 Kral define el ‘olvido benigno de la senescencia para designar un trastorno mnésico diferente del envejecimiento normal. En 1986 un grupo de investigadores del National Institute of Mental Health y otros centros propone una nueva entidad neuropsicológica denominada trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad...(AU)

Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coined the term 'benign senescent forgetfulness' to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normal aging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychological entity called age-related memory disorder...(AU)

[Prevalence and risk factors of age-related memory disorder in a health district]. / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un area de salud.

INTRODUCTION: Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coined the term 'benign senescent forgetfulness' to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normal aging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychological entity called age-related memory disorder. The determination of the prevalence, progression and risk factors of this condition currently represents an important challenge for the scientific community. AIMS: To establish the rate of prevalence and to identify some of the risk factors involved in age-related memory disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The universe consisted of all the patients over 50 years of age from a health district (234 individuals); the diagnostic criteria were applied to the whole sample. In addition to the patients, a control group was also chosen in order to be able to establish a correlation with selected risk factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate was found to be 39.7%, of which 38.7% were males and 40.4% were females. It was also observed that the impairment was greater as the patient's age and the length of the disease history increased. As far as risk factors are concerned, it was observed that smoking and psychosocial characteristics constitute predisposing factors, while this was not the case for arterial hypertension, a history of dementia and the satisfaction of basic needs.

[Frontal dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease]. / Disfunción frontal en la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática.

INTRODUCTION: In his description of the disease in his original work, James Parkinson claimed that the 'senses remained intact', but later reports began to identify cognitive impairment that ranged from dementia to barely identifiable subclinical deteriorations. Research carried out in recent decades has revealed that cognitive disorders form part of the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and point to the frontal lobes as being the most affected areas; a great deal of controversy, however, still surrounds their definition, epidemiology and pathology. AIM: To determine and classify the frontal deficits associated to this disease and to relate this cognitive performance with certain characteristics of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample utilised in the study was made up of 222 subjects divided into two groups according to their diagnosis: 111 subjects with idiopathic PD and 111 control subjects. The neuropsychological examination was performed using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure and the digit test for determining frontal functioning. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We prove the existence of a frontal dysfunction that is characterised by impaired working memory, with visuospatial and executive dysfunction, which suggests greater involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate. According to our findings, because working memory and visuospatial functioning are correlated to the motor status and the time elapsed since the onset of the disease, they could share the same underlying neuroanatomical foundations--the nigrostriatal denervation. This is not the case of executive function, which was not found to be related to the characteristics of the disease under study.

Disfunción frontal en la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática / Frontal dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Introducción. Al describir la enfermedad, James Parkinson planteó en su obra original que los sentidos permanecían indemnes, pero descripciones posteriores comenzaron a identificar el deterioro cognitivo, que abarcaba desde una demencia hasta deterioros subclínicos apenas identificables. Las investigaciones realizadas en las últimas décadas han revelado que los trastornos cognitivos forman parte de la sintomatología clínica de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y señalan a los lóbulos frontales como los más afectados; pero todavía es controvertida su definición, epidemiología y patología. Objetivo. Determinar y caracterizar los déficit frontales asociados a esta enfermedad y relacionar este rendimiento cognitivo con algunas características de la enfermedad. Sujetos y métodos. La muestra utilizada estaba compuesta por 222sujetos, divididos en dos grupos en función de su diagnóstico: 111 sujetos con EP idiopática y 111 sujetos controles. La exploración neuropsicológica se constituyó por la batería de evaluación frontal(FAB), la copia de la figura compleja del Rey-Osterrieth y el test de dígitos para determinar la función frontal. Resultados y conclusiones. Se demuestra una disfunción frontal que se caracteriza por disminución de la memoria de trabajo, disfunción visuoespacial y ejecutiva, lo que sugiere una mayor afectación de la corteza prefrontaldorsolateral y cingulada. Según nuestros resultados, la memoria de trabajo y la función visuoespacial, al correlacionarse con el estado motor y el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, podrían compartir un mismo sustrato neuroanatómico, la denervación nigroestriatal. No así la función ejecutiva, que no se relacionó con las características de la enfermedad estudiada (AU)

Introduction. In his description of the disease in his original work, James Parkinson claimed that the 'senses remained intact', but later reports began to identify cognitive impairment that ranged from dementia to barely identifiable subclinical deteriorations. Research carried out in recent decades has revealed that cognitive disorders form part of the clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and point to the frontal lobes as being the most affected areas; a great deal of controversy, however, still surrounds their definition, epidemiology and pathology. Aim. To determine and classify the frontal deficits associated to this disease and to relate this cognitive performance with certain characteristics of the disease. Subjects and methods. The sample utilised in the study was made up of 222 subjects divided into two groups according to their diagnosis: 111 subjects with idiopathic PD and 111 control subjects. The neuropsychological examination was performed using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure and the digit test for determining frontal functioning. Results and conclusions. We prove the existence of a frontal dysfunction that is characterised by impaired working memory, with visuospatial and executive dysfunction, which suggests greater involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate. According to our findings, because working memory and visuospatial functioning are correlated to the motor status and the time elapsed since the onset of the disease, they could share the same underlying neuroanatomical foundations –the nigrostriatal denervation. This is not the case of executive function, which was not found to be related to the characteristics of the disease under study (AU)

Disfunciòn frontal en la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopàtica / Frontal dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

In his description of the disease in his original work, James Parkinson claimed that the 'senses remained intact', but later reports began to identify cognitive impairment that ranged from dementia to barely identifiable subclinical deteriorations. Research carried out in recent decades has revealed that cognitive disorders form part of the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and point to the frontal lobes as being the most affected areas; a great deal of controversy, however, still surrounds their definition, epidemiology and pathology. AIM: To determine and classify the frontal deficits associated to this disease and to relate this cognitive performance with certain characteristics of the disease. The sample utilised in the study was made up of 222 subjects divided into two groups according to their diagnosis: 111 subjects with idiopathic PD and 111 control subjects. The neuropsychological examination was performed using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure and the digit test for determining frontal functioning. We prove the existence of a frontal dysfunction that is characterised by impaired working memory, with visuospatial and executive dysfunction, which suggests greater involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate. According to our findings, because working memory and visuospatial functioning are correlated to the motor status and the time elapsed since the onset of the disease, they could share the same underlying neuroanatomical foundations--the nigrostriatal denervation. This is not the case of executive function, which was not found to be related to the characteristics of the disease under study(AU)

Infarto cerebral en pacientes menores de 50 años / Primary orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager syndrome). Clinico-pathologic study of a case

Se informan los casos de 20 pacientes menores de 50 años, de uno y otro sexo que presentaron una enfermedad vasculoencefálica isquémica. Este estudio abarca los años 1979, 1980 y 1981. Existe en predominio del sexo masculino, pero sin ser significativa la diferencia. Los factores de riesgo más evidentes en ambos sexos y los distintos grupos de edad fueron: la hipertensión arterial y el hábito de fumar. En los pacientes de sexo masculino se encontraron tres con el antecedente de la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, ello se ha valorado como un factor de riesgo. Un paciente de nuestra serie tenía el antecedente de la ingestión de anticonceptivos. Fue aplicado el test de "t" para muestras pequeñas (AU)

Infarto cerebral en pacientes menores de 50 anos. / Cerebral infarction in patients under 50 years old

Se informan los casos de 20 pacientes menores de 50 anos, de uno y otro sexo que presentaron una enfermedad vasculoencefalica isquemica. Este estudio abarca los anos 1979, 1980 y 1981. Existe un predominio del sexo masculino, pero sin ser significativa la diferencia. Los factores de riesgo mas evidentes en ambos sexos y los distintos grupos de edad fueron: la hipertension arterial y el habito de fumar. En los pacientes del sexo masculino se encontraron tres con el antecedente de la ingestion de bebidas alcoholicas. Ello se ha valorado como un factor de riesgo. Un paciente de nuestra serie tenia el antecedente de la ingestion de anticonceptivos.Fue aplicado el test de "t" para muestras pequenas

Infarto cerebral en pacientes menores de 50 anos. / Cerebral infarction in patients under 50 years old

Se informan los casos de 20 pacientes menores de 50 anos, de uno y otro sexo que presentaron una enfermedad vasculoencefalica isquemica. Este estudio abarca los anos 1979, 1980 y 1981. Existe un predominio del sexo masculino, pero sin ser significativa la diferencia. Los factores de riesgo mas evidentes en ambos sexos y los distintos grupos de edad fueron: la hipertension arterial y el habito de fumar. En los pacientes del sexo masculino se encontraron tres con el antecedente de la ingestion de bebidas alcoholicas. Ello se ha valorado como un factor de riesgo. Un paciente de nuestra serie tenia el antecedente de la ingestion de anticonceptivos.Fue aplicado el test de "t" para muestras pequenas

Epilepsia: estudio de los pacientes ingresados en cinco años / Epilepsy. A study of patients admitted during five years

Se analizan las historias clínicas codificadas como epilepsia, durante los años 1970 al 1974, ambos inclusive. Se valoran en total 38 pacientes epilépticos. De las historias clínicas se toman los datos necesarios para la ejecución del presente trabajo. El desglose por años muestra un incremento de los ingresos durante el año 1974, año en que se ingresan pacientes para estudio. Del total de pacientes, 15 ingresaron por causas ajenas a la epilepsia; 31 pacientes se clasifican dentro de un gran mal. En 27, la epilepsia comienza antes de los 25 años, 3 no precisaron. Las complicaciones muestran: 1 anemia megaloblástica, 1 neumonía y 2 fracturas; no hubo fallecidos en el tiempo de estudio. El resto de los resultados se muestra en cuadros(AU)