[Nutrition support: essential component of preoperative preparation for surgery of the esophagus].

The authors present their experience with surgical treatment (one-stage replacement of the esophagus) of 113 patients with cicatricial constriction of the esophagus after chemical burn and esophageal achalasia for the recent 10 years. At the present-day stage priority is given to bougienage of the esophagus followed by setting a nasogastric probe for nutrition. Since 2006 the traditional preoperative preparation has included nutrition support with the standard enteral mixture through the nasogastric probe in the volume of physiological requirement for 7-10 days. The proposed method allows improvement of the nutrition status of the patients in short-terms, lessening the number of complications, shorter period of staying at a resuscitation unit.

Mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of immobilized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

The effect of immobilized granulocyte CSF on morphological characteristics and functional state of the liver was studied during chronic toxic hepatitis. The mechanisms of the therapeutic action of this agent were evaluated. The product had a strong hepatoprotective effect and exhibited the antiinflammatory and antisclerotic properties. The mechanism of activation of reserve systems for cell renewal (involved in restoration of the liver tissue) is probably related to an increase in proliferative activity of early precursor cells in the bone marrow, mobilization of these cells into the peripheral circulation, and directed homing into the liver tissue where they activate local regenerative mechanisms and prevent hepatocyte destruction. It should be emphasized that the concentration of SDF-1 increases in the liver tissue, but decreases in the bone marrow. These changes create the concentration gradient, which determines the migration of undifferentiated precursor cells to the liver.

[Regulation of progenitor cell function by hyaluronidase].

This study demonstrated the possibility of in vivo activation of progenitor cells by hyaluronidase. Specifically, treatment with hyaluronidase increased the number of mesenchymal and bone marrow precursor cells, their proliferative activity, and differentiation. Also, it promoted stem cell mobilization into blood under effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and enhanced progenitor cell adhesive properties. Therapeutic efficiency of transplantation of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood after administration of G-CSF improved under effect of hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase immobilized by electron beam synthesis nanotechnology exhibited high specific activity with respect to stem cells via both enteral and parenteral routes.

Mechanisms of granulocytopoiesis-stimulating activity of immobilized granulocytic colony-stimulating factor in cytostatic myelosuppression.

The hemostimulatory effects of granulocytic CSF, immobilized on polyethyleneglycol using radiation synthesis nanotechnology, were studied on the model of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Immobilization of granulocytic CSF led to stimulation of granulomonocytopoiesis by increasing functional activity of granulomonocytic precursors and secretion of humoral factors by elements of hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment, and due to more intensive formation of hemopoietic islets. The granulocytopoiesis-stimulating effect of immobilized granulocytic CSF was comparable to the effect of standard nonconjugated granulocytic CSF. Specific activity of immobilized granulocytic CSF in oral treatment was demonstrated.

Mobilization of progenitor cells into the blood by immobilized granulocytic colony-stimulating factor.

The effects of granulocytic CSF immobilized on polyethylenoxide by nanotechnology on the bone marrow and circulating pools of mesenchymal and hemopoietic precursors were studied. Immobilized granulocytic CSF caused the release of progenitor cells of different classes into the blood. The effect of injected immobilized granulocytic CSF was superior to that of nonconjugated granulocytic CSF. Specific activity of oral immobilized granulocytic CSF after oral administration was demonstrated.

[Protective effect of a beta-1,3-carboxymethylglucan in acute massive blood loss]. / Zashchitnyi éffekt fraktsii beta-1,3-karboksimetilgliukana pri ostroi massivnoi krovopotere.

Experiments were performed on CBA mice to study the effect of intravenous injections of beta-1,3-f-carboxymethylglucan (Bratislava, Slovakia) during acute massive blood loss (50% of the total blood volume). Two different fractions were used in doses of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The first fraction (semisoluble, its molecular weight being about 10(6)) was shown to have a potent protective effect when it was injected 24 h before blood loss. On the contrary, the other fraction (water soluble, its molecular weight being less than 1.2 x 10(6)) showed no protective effect. Moreover, injection of this fraction 72 h before blood loss can lead to increases in deaths among the mice.

Effects of chloroquine on lysosomes and endocytosis by liver cells in vivo.

1. Chloroquine accumulation in rat liver after a single and repeated drug administration and lysosomal changes resembling some symptoms of lysosomal storage diseases were observed. 2. Repeated chloroquine treatment of rats resulted in increased activity of liver lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and beta-galactosidase and a significant enhancement of the activities of cathepsin D and cysteine proteinases were found. 3. No changes in the activity of liver macrophages (as assessed by the colloidal carbon clearance test) or in fluid-phase endocytosis of the marker 125I-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone by hepatocytes in vivo were found.

[Treatment of children with acute stenosing laryngotracheitis during prolonged tracheal intubation]. / Lechenie detei s ostrym stenoziruiushchim laringotrakheitom v usloviiakh prodlennoi intubatsii trakhei.

Therapy of acute decompensated forms of laryngotracheitis in children has not been well developed. The mortality rate as a result of asphyxia reaches 10 to 52%. The present authors were able to reduce significantly the number of hazardous complications and lethal outcomes when treating 32 children with acute decompensated forms of laryngotracheitis (only one patient died). This was achieved by using prolonged (from 6 hrs to 19 days) intubation of the trachea, intensive medicine and physical therapy methods. Special attention was given to intubation tubes and drugs used. The postintubation course was smooth and no complications in the trachea were seen after treatment.