Persistent infection with a rotavirus vaccine strain in a child suffering from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Argentina.

Due to the high burden of disease associated with rotavirus, the massive vaccination in children before six months of age has been encouraged. Currently licensed oral live vaccines have shown low risk of associated adverse events in the general population. Noteworthy, postmarketing reports of severe gastroenteritis with persistent vaccine viral shedding in children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) have led companies to include this inborn error of immunity as an additional contraindication. SCID is not usually screened in newborns from developing countries. Therefore, the administration of live attenuated vaccines represents the first contact of these patients with life-threatening pathogens. We describe a clinical case of an infant with SCID who suffered from persistent rotavirus symptomatic diarrhea after receiving the rotavirus oral vaccine and was found to be infected with the vaccine strain. This case attempts to contribute to the discussion of those diseases that need to be incorporated into a screening program since an early diagnosis permits clinicians to withhold live attenuated immunization.

Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos / Candidemia in Pediatrics: Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility

Las infecciones graves causadas por levaduras del género Candida son frecuentes en la población hospitalaria. Debido a las diferencias en la distribución de especies y la sensibilidad a los antifúngicos según el área geográfica y el tipo de paciente, resulta importante estudiar la epidemiología de cada institución. Con este propósito, hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo sobre las candidemias ocurridas en el Hospital de Ninos «Superiora Sor María Ludovica¼ de la ciudad de La Plata. En un período de 6 años (2010-2015) se registraron 177 episodios de candidemia. Las especies predominantes fueron Candida albicans (45%) y Candida parapsilosis (28%). Las salas de internación con mayor cantidad de episodios fueron las unidades de terapia intensiva de pediatría, la neonatal y la cardiovascular (58%). En los casos donde se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad a los antifúngicos, no se observó resistencia a la anfotericina B en todo el período y la resistencia a azoles se limitó a 4 aislamientos de especies menos frecuentes.

Serious infections caused by Candida yeasts are frequent in the hospital population. Due to differences in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing depending on the geographic area and the type of patient, it is important to study the epidemiology of each institution. For this purpose, we conducted a retrospective, descriptive study on the occurrence of candidemia in the Children's Hospital "Superiora Sor María Ludovica" of the city of La Plata. In a 6-year period (2010-2015), 177 candidemia episodes were recorded. The predominant species were Candida albicans (45%) and Candida parapsilosis (28%). The hospital wards with the highest number of candidemia episodes were the pediatric, neonatal and cardiovascular intensive care units (58%). No resistance to amphotericin B was observed throughout the period whereas resistance to azoles was limited to 4 strains of less frequent species.

[Candidemia in Pediatrics: Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility]. / Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos.

Serious infections caused by Candida yeasts are frequent in the hospital population. Due to differences in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing depending on the geographic area and the type of patient, it is important to study the epidemiology of each institution. For this purpose, we conducted a retrospective, descriptive study on the occurrence of candidemia in the Children's Hospital "Superiora Sor María Ludovica" of the city of La Plata. In a 6-year period (2010-2015), 177 candidemia episodes were recorded. The predominant species were Candida albicans (45%) and Candida parapsilosis (28%). The hospital wards with the highest number of candidemia episodes were the pediatric, neonatal and cardiovascular intensive care units (58%). No resistance to amphotericin B was observed throughout the period whereas resistance to azoles was limited to 4 strains of less frequent species.