Functional outcome of bone marrow stem cells (CD45(+)/CD34(-)) after cell therapy in chronic spinal cord injury in Wistar rats.

BACKGROUND: Therapy with diverse cell types has been proposed to regenerate spinal cord injuries seeking to minimize the consequences for the lives of chronic patients. The types considered are: mononuclear and mesenchymal adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and Schwann cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats that underwent spinal cord contusion injury (NYU Impactor) were followed with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale for 14 days. Animals with scores < or = 16 were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (vehicle) versus cell therapy group. The mononuclear fraction (CD45(+)/CD34(-)) obtained by puncture-aspiration of the bone marrow was isolated by a density gradient (d = 1.077). The parenchymal cell infusion was performed using a syringe (100 U/1 mL) with a 30G1/2 needle. The animals were followed for 10 days before euthanasia. Statistical analyses comparing groups were performed by the Mann-Whitney test and group comparisons by the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Among 90 injured rats, 65 (72.2%) survived, including 44 whose scores were < or = 16. Eleven animals finished the study in the control group (64.7%) and 17 in the therapy group (80.9%). The statistical analyses did not demonstrate significance (P > .05) for either test. CONCLUSION: Mononuclear adult stem cell therapy was not demonstrated to be functionally effective for chronic spinal cord injury.

Functional outcome of bone marrow stem cells (CD45(+)/CD34(-)) after cell therapy in acute spinal cord injury: in exercise training and in sedentary rats.

BACKGROUND: Cell therapy and exercise training may be options for spinal cord regeneration. Our objective was to evaluate the functional effects of autologous bone marrow stem cell (CD45(+)/CD34(-)) transplantation in acute spinal cord injury in exercise training and in sedentary rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five adult male Wistar rats underwent spinal cord contusion by Impactor (NYU). Locomotor rating scale was performed every 48 hours for 48 days. Animals with scores < or = 12 were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary without parenchymal cell infusion; sedentary with parenchymal cell infusion; swimming training without parenchymal cell infusion; and swimming training with parenchymal cell infusion. Bone marrow stem cells were isolated by puncture-aspiration of the bone marrow and density gradient (d = 1.077). The animals underwent a 60-minute swimming session 6 times/week supporting an overload of 3% of body weight for 6 consecutive weeks. Comparisons between the groups in relation to differences between the beginning to the end of scores used the nonparametric Bonferroni test and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test to identify significance. RESULTS: Forty-two rats that obtained scores < or = 12 underwent therapy with 9 animals in each of the 4 groups as completors (n = 36). There was significance (P < or = .008) for sedentary without parenchymal cell infusion vs swimming training with parenchymal cell infusion. CONCLUSION: The combination of bone marrow stem cell therapy (CD45(+)/CD34(-)) and exercise training resulted in significant functional improvement in acute spinal cord injury.

[Pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood: presentation of six cases]. / Astrocitoma pilocítico na infância: apresentação de seis casos.

OBJECTIVE: To present 6 cases of pilocytic astrocytomas whose clinic, epidemiological and histopathological aspects were studied. METHODS: Between 1990 and 1994 the records of the laboratories of pathology of the main hospitals in Curitiba were analysed and all cases of pilocytic astrocytomas were studied with special attention to age of onset, sex and site of the lesions. The biopsies, which were reviewed, have been processed according to conventional techniques and in a few cases electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry was further done. RESULTS: Five patients were females and 1 was male. Medium age was 4,5 years (range 1-8). The pilocytic astrocytomas affected optic chiasm (n=3), midline of cerebral hemisfere (n=2) and third ventricle (n=1). The symptoms reflected the location and extension of the tumour. The commonest signs and symptoms were those of intracranial hypertension, visual disturbances, hydrocephalus, among others. The patients were treated with surgical ressection and chemotherapy. Three patients died after a medium survival of 45 days, and three remain alive. CONCLUSIONS: The authors emphasize that pilocytic astrocytoma, mainly the juvenile variant, affect mostly the midline brain structures of infants through signs of visual disturbance. These lesions are low grade astrocytomas and should be treated predominantly by total surgical ressection.

[Meningiomas. Epidemiological and anatomopathological study of 340 cases]. / Meningiomas. Estudo epidemiológico e anátomo-patológico de 304 casos.

The authors have retrospectively reviewed all tumors of central nervous system (CNS) operated at the most important neurosurgery hospitals of Curitiba in a 5-year period (1990-1994) and found 304 (22.4%) cases of meningioma. Age mean of the patients was 48.5 years, with a range of 3 to 90 years. A marked female preponderance (68.7%) was noted. The most common tumor location was brain (n = 280) and the remaining cases occurred in spinal cord (n = 10), cerebellum (n = 9) and cranial nerves (n = 5). Histologically, there were 294 (96.7%) meningiomas of the classical type, six malignant or anaplastic, three atypical and one papillary. Two hundred and sixty seven classical meningiomas were from the meningotelial subtype, ten psamomatousos, five fibroblastic, five microcystic, five transicional and two angiomatous. The authors conclude that meningiomas are one of the most common group of primary neoplasias of CNS and the definition of malignancy in those tumors is beset by frequent discordance between histologic and biologic features.