RESUMEN
We examined the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Brazilian women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Our goal was to identify the types of HPV and their association with risk factors. This prospective cross-sectional study included 97 samples collected from women aged 14-79 years at the public health units of gynecological care in São Luís, MA, Brazil. HPV detection was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. The study patients completed a structured questionnaire to provide information regarding their socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral status. HPV prevalence was found to be 80.4%, with 17 virus types detected, including HPV 16, 18, 58, 6, and 11. Significant associations between HPV infection and age and frequency of doctor visits were identified. The study findings indicate the significance of age and low frequency of visits to the gynecologist as risk factors for genital HPV infection, suggesting that HPV infection-derived cervical cancer could be prevented through orientation programs for women, which include sex education and information regarding screening tests. We also found an increased prevalence of high-risk HPV serotypes in cervical lesions, which reveals an association between cervical lesions and high-risk HPV.
Asunto(s)
Papillomaviridae/fisiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la Especie , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The CYP2D6 enzyme is crucial for the metabolism of tamoxifen. The CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, and individuals can be extensive, intermediate, or poor tamoxifen metabolizers. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of the CYP2D6 *3, *4, and *10 alleles in women with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen and analyze the association of enzyme activity with prognostic factors and disease-free survival. We observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, with an allelic frequency of 0.14 (14.4%). The *3 allele was not present in the studied population, and *4 had an allelic frequency of 0.13 (13.8%). We conclude that patients with reduced CYP2D6 activity did not present worse tumor characteristics or decreased disease-free survival than women with normal enzyme activity, as the difference was not statistically significant. We also observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, which had not been previously described in this specific population. This study is the first in north-northeastern Brazil that aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian regional profile for CYP2D6 polymorphisms and their phenotypes. These findings add to the knowledge of the distribution of different polymorphic CYP2D6 alleles and the potential role of CYP2D6 genotyping in clinical practice prior to choosing therapeutic protocols.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , /genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Alelos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Brasil/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , /clasificación , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Genotipo , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Fenotipo , Pronóstico , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The CYP2D6 enzyme is crucial for the metabolism of tamoxifen. The CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, and individuals can be extensive, intermediate, or poor tamoxifen metabolizers. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of the CYP2D6 *3, *4, and *10 alleles in women with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen and analyze the association of enzyme activity with prognostic factors and disease-free survival. We observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, with an allelic frequency of 0.14 (14.4%). The *3 allele was not present in the studied population, and *4 had an allelic frequency of 0.13 (13.8%). We conclude that patients with reduced CYP2D6 activity did not present worse tumor characteristics or decreased disease-free survival than women with normal enzyme activity, as the difference was not statistically significant. We also observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, which had not been previously described in this specific population. This study is the first in north-northeastern Brazil that aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian regional profile for CYP2D6 polymorphisms and their phenotypes. These findings add to the knowledge of the distribution of different polymorphic CYP2D6 alleles and the potential role of CYP2D6 genotyping in clinical practice prior to choosing therapeutic protocols.