Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like: Case series and review.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics of two patients affected by extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like (EMAP). METHODS: Two patients affected by EMAP underwent multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The patients showed the typical clinical appearance with macular atrophy with larger vertical axis surrounded by pseudodrusen-like deposits involving the midperiphery, associated with paving stone lesions in the retinal periphery. CONCLUSION: EMAP is a complex condition sharing clinical characteristics of age-related macular degeneration. Further studies are warranted to identify the early biomarker of the disease.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Patients with Angioid Streaks and Macular Neovascularization.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and risk factors of visual impairment and complications in eyes with macular neovascularization (MNV) because of angioid streaks (ASs). DESIGN: Longitudinal multicenter retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Patients with AS-associated MNV treated with anti-VEGF agents and a follow-up of > 3 months. METHODS: Clinical and MNV characteristics were collected at baseline. Visual acuity (VA) values and the presence of atrophy or fibrosis were collected at each visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of VA change over time and associated factors; the incidence rate of moderate-to-severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness and hazard ratio (HR) of candidate risk factors for MSVI; the incidence rate of fibrosis and macular atrophy. RESULTS: Overall, 84 eyes of 66 patients (39 men, 58%) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 55.7 (13.8) years were followed for a mean (standard deviation) of 67.7 (48.5) months. The median number of anti-VEGF doses per eye was 13. The average rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of visual loss was +0.04 (0.02-0.06) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution/year (P < 0.001); the visual loss was faster in nonnaive eyes (P = 0.007) and those with better baseline VA (P < 0.001); it was slower in eyes with pattern dystrophy-like features (P = 0.04). The incidence rates (95% CI) of MSVI and blindness were 10.4 (6.88-15)/100-eye-years and 2.33 (1.12-4.29)/100-eye-years. A higher number of injections (HR [95% CI] = 0.45 [0.19-0.94] for receiving ≥ 13 injections vs. < 13; P = 0.03) was protective against MSVI. The incidence rates (95% CI) of fibrosis and macular atrophy were 24.1 (17.5-32.3)/100-eye-years and 14.3 (10.1-19.6)/100-eye-years. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with MNV-related AS had a high rate of visual impairment and propensity to macular fibrosis and atrophy. A higher number of injections yielded better chances of maintaining good VA, suggesting the need for intensive treatment. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Mycosis Fungoides: Analysis of Ophthalmologic Findings in a Series of Cases.

BACKGROUND: Ophthalmic findings in mycosis fungoides (MF) can be highly variable. It seems that the prevalence of ophthalmic findings could be much more common than previously assumed. OBJECTIVE: To present case series examined in the last 12 months, together with a literature review. METHODS: Symptomatic patients with biopsy-proven mycosis fungoides were examined ophthalmologically in a 12-month period. The medical records of affected patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Eight patients were examined. Of these, 75% were male, all were Caucasian, and average age was 58.2 years. Blepharitis (50.0%), thickened eyelids (37.5%), and flaking (25.0%) were the most prevalent findings. CONCLUSION: Incidence of MF affecting the eyes and surrounding structures may be greater than estimated. Early case management offers means to reduce difficulties experienced with later diagnosis. Regular monitoring by an ophthalmologist is justified, including that of asymptomatic cases.

Genetic Syndromes Associated with Congenital Cardiac Defects and Ophthalmologic Changes - Systematization for Diagnosis in the Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: Numerous genetic syndromes associated with heart disease and ocular manifestations have been described. However, a compilation and a summarization of these syndromes for better consultation and comparison have not been performed yet. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to systematize available evidence in the literature on different syndromes that may cause congenital heart diseases associated with ocular changes, focusing on the types of anatomical and functional changes. METHOD: A systematic search was performed on Medline electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs) of articles published until January 2016. Eligibility criteria were case reports or review articles that evaluated the association of ophthalmic and cardiac abnormalities in genetic syndrome patients younger than 18 years. RESULTS: The most frequent genetic syndromes were: Down Syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial / DiGeorge Syndrome, Charge Syndrome and Noonan Syndrome. The most associated cardiac malformations with ocular findings were interatrial communication (77.4%), interventricular communication (51.6%), patent ductus arteriosus (35.4%), pulmonary artery stenosis (25.8%) and tetralogy of Fallot (22.5%). CONCLUSION: Due to their clinical variability, congenital cardiac malformations may progress asymptomatically to heart defects associated with high morbidity and mortality. For this reason, the identification of extra-cardiac characteristics that may somehow contribute to the diagnosis of the disease or reveal its severity is of great relevance.

Genetic Syndromes Associated with Congenital Cardiac Defects and Ophthalmologic Changes - Systematization for Diagnosis in the Clinical Practice / Síndromes Genéticas Associadas a Defeitos Cardíacos Congênitos e Alterações Oftalmológicas - Sistematização para o Diagnóstico na Pratica Clínica

Abstract Background: Numerous genetic syndromes associated with heart disease and ocular manifestations have been described. However, a compilation and a summarization of these syndromes for better consultation and comparison have not been performed yet. Objective: The objective of this work is to systematize available evidence in the literature on different syndromes that may cause congenital heart diseases associated with ocular changes, focusing on the types of anatomical and functional changes. Method: A systematic search was performed on Medline electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs) of articles published until January 2016. Eligibility criteria were case reports or review articles that evaluated the association of ophthalmic and cardiac abnormalities in genetic syndrome patients younger than 18 years. Results: The most frequent genetic syndromes were: Down Syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial / DiGeorge Syndrome, Charge Syndrome and Noonan Syndrome. The most associated cardiac malformations with ocular findings were interatrial communication (77.4%), interventricular communication (51.6%), patent ductus arteriosus (35.4%), pulmonary artery stenosis (25.8%) and tetralogy of Fallot (22.5%). Conclusion: Due to their clinical variability, congenital cardiac malformations may progress asymptomatically to heart defects associated with high morbidity and mortality. For this reason, the identification of extra-cardiac characteristics that may somehow contribute to the diagnosis of the disease or reveal its severity is of great relevance.

Resumo Fundamento: O número de síndromes genéticas descritas que apresentam alguma forma de cardiopatia e manifestações oculares associadas é grande. Contudo, estas síndromes ainda não foram reunidas e sintetizadas para melhor consulta e comparação. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar a literatura, avaliando evidências disponíveis sobre síndromes que cursam com cardiopatia congênita associada a alterações oculares, salientando os tipos de alterações anatômicas e funcionais descritas. Métodos: Dois pesquisadores independentes fizeram uma busca sistemática utilizando as bases eletrônicas Medline (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs), de trabalhos publicados até o mês de janeiro de 2016. Os critérios de elegibilidade utilizados pelos autores incluíram somente artigos publicados sob a forma de relatos de caso ou revisão, que abordassem a associação de alterações oftalmológicas e cardiológicas em pacientes menores de 18 anos e que apresentassem alguma síndrome genética. Resultados: As síndromes genéticas mais frequentes foram: Síndrome de Down, Síndrome Velo-cardio-facial / DiGeorge, Síndrome de Charge e Síndrome de Noonan. Entre as malformações cardíacas, a comunicação interatrial (77,4%), a comunicação interventricular (51.6%), a persistência do canal arterial (35,4%), estenose da artéria pulmonar (25,8%) e a tetralogia de Fallot (22,5%) foram as mais associadas com achados oculares. Conclusão: Devido à sua variedade clínica, as malformações cardíacas congênitas revelam defeitos que evoluem de maneira assintomática até aqueles que provocam grande morbimortalidade. Dessa forma, encontrar características extra-cardíacas que, de alguma maneira, possam auxiliar no diagnóstico da doença ou revelar a gravidade dessa enfermidade tornam-se de grande relevância.

Prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: CHDs form a complex and heterogeneous group of clinical entities, with high morbidity and mortality. With the advancement of surgical and invasive techniques and clinical treatment, the survival of these patients has increased significantly, and there are reports of a high prevalence of ocular abnormalities in this group. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ocular findings in children and adolescents diagnosed with CHD. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL, in addition to a manual search on studies published on the patient, from inception until August, 2014. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHDs were included. RESULTS: Of the 2413 articles identified, eight were included, comprising a total of 1061 patients. Among them, the lowest and highest prevalences observed were 6.3 and 65%, respectively. The weighted average prevalence of ocular abnormalities was 32.5% (CI95% 19.3-49.3). Strabismus, cataracts, and retinopathy were the most frequently observed alterations. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ocular abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHDs was 32.5%, demonstrating that ocular consequences are not uncommon in this population and may have relevant clinical impact. These results reinforce the need for ophthalmological evaluation of patients with CHDs.

Prevalence of asthenopia in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis / Prevalência de astenopia em crianças: análise sistemática com metanálise

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of asthenopia in 0-18 year-old children through a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies.SOURCES: Inclusion criteria were population-based studies from 1960 to May of 2014 reporting the prevalence of asthenopia in children. The search was performed independently by two reviewers in the PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS databases, with no language restriction. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA Statement. Downs and Black score was used for quality assessment.SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Out of 1692 potentially relevant citations retrieved from electronic databases and searches of reference lists, 26 were identified as potentially eligible. Five of these studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 2465 subjects. Pooled prevalence of asthenopia was 19.7% (12.4-26.4%). The majority of children with asthenopia did not present visual acuity or refraction abnormalities. The largest study evaluated 1448 children aged 6 years and estimated a prevalence of 12.6%. Associated risk factors were not clearly established.CONCLUSION: Although asthenopia is a frequent and relevant clinical problem in childhood, with potential consequences for learning, the scarcity of studies about the prevalence and clinical impact of asthenopia hinders the effective planning of public health measures.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de astenopia em crianças até 18 anos por meio de uma análise sistemática e uma metanálise dos estudos de prevalência.FONTES DOS DADOS: Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos de base populacional de 1960 a maio de 2014 que relataram prevalência de astenopia em crianças. A busca foi feita de maneira independente por dois analisadores nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase e Lilacs, sem restrição de idioma. Essa análise sistemática foi feita de acordo com as diretrizes da Colaboração Cochrane e com a Declaração dos Itens de Relatório Preferidos para Análises Sistemáticas e Metanálise (Prisma). A escala Downs & Black foi usada para avaliação da qualidade.SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: De 1.692 citações possivelmente relevantes recuperadas de bases de dados eletrônicas e buscas de listas de referência, 26 foram identificadas como possivelmente elegíveis. Cinco desses estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e incluíram 2.465 indivíduos. A prevalência total de astenopia foi de 19,7% (12,4-26,4%). A maioria das crianças com astenopia não apresentava anomalias de acuidade visual ou refração. O maior estudo avaliou 1.448 crianças de seis anos, com prevalência estimada de 12,6%. Os fatores de risco associados não foram claramente estabelecidos.CONCLUSÃO: Embora a astenopia seja um problema clínico frequente e relevante na infância, com possíveis consequências para o aprendizado, a escassez de estudos sobre a prevalência e o impacto clínico da astenopia prejudica o planejamento efetivo das medidas de saúde pública.

Posterior Chamber Hemorrhage during Fluorescein Angiography.

This paper provides the first reported case of acute posterior chamber hemorrhage during fluorescein angiography (FA). This is a case review with serial color photographs of the anterior segment. A 76-year-old male was referred for angiographic control of age-related macular degeneration. He was pseudophakic OU, BCVA 20/40 OU. He had mild hypertension, but not diabetes. He had had two previous angiograms without adverse effects. Difficulty was experienced in obtaining the images owing to a progressive reduction in the transparency of the media. A dense hemorrhage in the posterior chamber of the right eye was found, involving the visual axis. Thorough biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, and ultrasonic biomicroscopy showed that part of one of the haptics of the right intraocular lens (IOL) was touching and tearing the posterior face of the iris, without any visible synechiae, iris, or angle neovascularization. Anterior segment FA and posterior ultrasonography were normal. No similar case has been described in the literature involving dense progressive bleeding located in the capsular bag and posterior chamber, without any detectable triggering ocular event other than mydriasis and fluorescein injection. Contact of the iris or sulcus with part of the intraocular lens, aggravated by the intense use of mydriatics during the FA procedure, probably caused bleeding to happen.

Prevalence of asthenopia in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of asthenopia in 0-18 year-old children through a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies. SOURCES: Inclusion criteria were population-based studies from 1960 to May of 2014 reporting the prevalence of asthenopia in children. The search was performed independently by two reviewers in the PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS databases, with no language restriction. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA Statement. Downs and Black score was used for quality assessment. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Out of 1692 potentially relevant citations retrieved from electronic databases and searches of reference lists, 26 were identified as potentially eligible. Five of these studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 2465 subjects. Pooled prevalence of asthenopia was 19.7% (12.4-26.4%). The majority of children with asthenopia did not present visual acuity or refraction abnormalities. The largest study evaluated 1448 children aged 6 years and estimated a prevalence of 12.6%. Associated risk factors were not clearly established. CONCLUSION: Although asthenopia is a frequent and relevant clinical problem in childhood, with potential consequences for learning, the scarcity of studies about the prevalence and clinical impact of asthenopia hinders the effective planning of public health measures.

Achados epidemiológicos e alterações oftalmológicas em diabéticos atendidos em hospital geral secundário / Epidemiological and ophthalmological findings in diabetic patients examined in a general hospital

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre alterações no exame oftalmológico, características epidemiológicas e controle metabólico em pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Foram selecionados consecutivamante os diabéticos atendidos durante 2011 em um hospital secundário. Todos os pacientes responderam questionário e foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico. Resultados: Foram estudados 103 pacientes, dos quais 72 (69,9%) eram do sexo feminino e 66 (64%) da cor branca. A média de idade foi de 59 (+/- 9,21) anos. Sessenta e quatro por cento dos participantes referiram renda aproximada de até 1 salário mínimo, 58,2% tinham ensino fundamental incompleto, 75,7% com história de diabetes familiar, 45,6% informaram realizar controle metabólico regular, 54,3% não observavam cuidados nutricionais, 28% usavam insulina, 99% eram diabéticos do tipo-2. Ao exame, 72,8% apresentaram acuidade visual corrigida de 20/40. Foram estatisticamente significativas as relações entre complicações retinianas e o uso de insulina (OR=8,3; p=0,003) e da baixa acuidade visual com o uso de insulina (OR=5,48, p=0,021) e a idade (OR=11,8; p=0,003). Também foi observada relação entre a baixa de visão com escolaridade, idade e baixa renda Conclusão: Na população analisada, predominantemente de baixa renda e escolaridade, a condução inadequada da doença foi expressiva, o que se associou com a presença de complicações retinianas, reforçando a necessidade de adoção de medidas mais amplas para melhorar as estratégias de controle e prevenção do diabete mellitus. .

Objective: To evaluate the association between epidemiological and ophtalmological findings in diabetic patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We selected consecutively diabetic patients examined during 2011 which responded to a questionnaire and examination. Results: The sample comprised 103 patients, of whom 72 (69.9%) were female, 66 (64%) were Caucasian, average age 59 (+/- 9,21) years, 64% reported minimum wages, 58.2% did not finish elementary school, 75.7% reported family history of diabetes, 45.6% reported regularly perform metabolic control, 54.3% did not receive special nutritional care. On examination, 72.8% had visual acuity of 20/40. There was a significant association between retinal complications and insulin usage (OR=8,3; p=0,003), and between low visual acuity and age (OR=11,8; p=0,003) and insulin (OR=5,48, p=0,021), as well with lower education and income. Conclusion: In this low-income and low-education population, glycemic control was poor, and related to the development of diabetic retinopathy and the consequent low vision. These findings emphasize the need to adopt broader strategies to improve control and prevention of diabetes mellitus. .

Hepatitis C virus induces abnormalities in surface and intraocular pressure: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVES: Various ocular lesions are associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Few studies have focused on untreated patients. This study aims to describe ocular lesions in untreated HCV-infected patients without ophthalmic symptoms by means of a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five consecutive naive HCV chronically infected patients and 54 controls (blood donors) were enrolled in a prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, HCV viral load and genotype, liver fibrosis, visual acuity, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, lacrimal function (tear break-up time) and Schirmer's tests), posterior segment examination, and intraocular pressure. RESULTS: HCV-infected patients presented an almost four times higher risk of lacrimal function involvement by tear break-up time [odds ratio (OR)=3.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-8.04, P=0.001] and Schirmer's test (OR=4.17; 95% CI 1.83-9.50, P=0.001) than the controls. The chances of palpebral biomicroscopic lesions (blepharitis) were also higher (OR=3.21; 95% CI 1.49-6.94, P=0.003). Mean tonometry was higher in HCV patients (right eye 14.4±2.3 vs. 12.2±1.5, P<0.001 and left eye 14.5±2.3 vs. 12.0±1.4, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Naive HCV patients even with no ophthalmic complaints presented a greater prevalence of lacrimal function abnormalities and a higher frequency of blepharitis compared with the control group. As never formerly described, intraocular pressure in HCV patients was higher than that in controls.

Retinosquises / Retinoschisis

Retinosquise traduz a separação anômala das camadas retinianas, podendo ser congênita, adquirida ou secundária a situações como a miopia, trauma e vasculopatias. Reúne-se as principais características clínicas, recentes opções diagnósticas e as formas de manejo dos quadros ligados ao cromossoma X e aos adquiridos.

Retinoschisis means abnormal separation of the retinal layers, which could be congenital, acquired or secondary to myopia, trauma or other vascular disorders. We review the clinical features of the x-linked and acquired diseases, and its recent diagnostic tools and the differents options for repair.

Endoftalmite endógena por Salmonella Arizona / Endogenous endophthalmitis due to salmonella Arizonae

Descrição de caso de endoftalmite endógena pelo Arizona sp., microorganismo negativo raramente reconhecido como patógeno humano. Relata-se o caso de um homem com 45 anos, banco, internado devido a um quadro de endocardite bacteriana e sepsis pela Salmonella Arizona sp. O paciente apresentava diminuição da acuidade visual e dor em olho direito. O aspirado vítreo confirmou a etiologia. Vancomicina e Amicacina pelas vias endovenosa e intravítrea foi a opção de manejo adotada. Resposta sist6emica favorável, porém evoluçãocom atrofia do globo ocular em 30 dias. A endoftalmite metastática pelo Arizona sp. é incomum, sem qualquer aspecto clínico específico e de prognóstico muito desfavorável.

Remoção da introflexão escleral: causas e resultados / Scleral buckle removal: causes and results

Objetivo: Analisar a incidência e as consequências relacionadas à retirada do material de introflexão escleral. Material e métodos: Observação retrospectiva de série de casos. No período entre 1997-2001 foram incluídos os casos cuja retinopexia foi realizada através da introflexão escleral primária e que tivessem seguimento mínimo de 6 meses. No total são avaliados 413 procedimentos. Resultados: A remoção foi necessária em 13 olhos (3,15 por cento). As esponjas responderam por 46 por centos destes materiais. A cultura foi positiva em 6 casos (46,1 por cento) para S aureus e S epidermidis. Seguimento médio de 27 meses. As principais complicações relacionadas à remoção foram a retração conjuntival(2/13, 15,3 por cento), o redescolamento de retina (1/13, 7,7 por cento) e a granuloma piogênico (1/13, 7,7 por cento). Todas as retiradas foram precedidas pela suplementação com laser. Conclusão: a retirada da introflexão escleral foi necessária em pequeno número de casos, estando associada à recidiva do quadro em 7,7 por cento.

Comportamento da coróide na angiografia fluoresceínica em pacientes com a fase inicial da degeneração macular relacionada à idade / Choroidal behavior during fluorescein angiography in patients with early age-related macular degeneration

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento da coróide nas fases iniciais da Degeneração Macular Relacionada à Idade (DMRI) através da angiografia fluoresceínica. Local: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e Instituto Ivo Corrêa-Meyer (RS). Métodos: Noventa exames de pacientes com este diagnóstico foram comparados a 90 exames controles de indivíduos sem a doença e na mesma faixa etária, coletados, sempre, com o mesmo padrão técnico. O estudo é transversal, compreendendo o período entre 1985 e 1998. As imagens incluíram o momento antes do clarão coroídeo e obedeceram a seqüência de uma foto a cada 1-2s, no máximo, até a fase venosa tardia. Os angiogramas foram todos digitalizados para facilitar as análises que incluíram a observação dos tempos de chegada do contraste à coróide (tc), tempo de homogeneização do mesmo (th), diferança temporal entre (tc) e (th), morfologia do clarão, padrão de esvaziamento. Resultados: Os resultados apontam um (tc) de 14,7 s +/- 4,5, (th) de 21s +/- 5,3, diferença, entre estes últimos, de 6,3 s +/- 2,5. A morfologia do clarão foi sempre heterogênea predominando o enchimento de setores ou ilhas (52,2 por cento). Para todos estes tempos e padrões não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que não existe um padrão morfológico exclusivo de enchimento coroídeo na DMRI inicial, e que as ilhas de hipofluorescência, eventualmente associadas à isquemia ou depósito de material são, na verdade, de ocorrência normal e regular em indivíduos sem a doença.

Calcificação esclerocoroidal: relato de caso / Sclerochoroidal calcification: case report

Introdução: Os autores descrevem um caso de calcificação esclerocoroidal. São discutidas as características das lesões, a etiologia, o diagnóstico diferencial e as doenças sistêmicas associadas. Local: Universidade Federal de Pelotas - RS e Instituto Ivo Corrêa-Meyer, Porto Alegre - RS. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo onde foi analisado um caso assintomático de calcificação esclerocoroidal. Conclusão: A calcificação esclerocoroidal tem, possivelmente, a sua incidência subestimada. Recomenda-se a investigação de doenças sistêmicas associadas uma vez que a conduta oftalmológica é meramente contemplativa.

Talidomida no tratamento das neovascularizaçöes sub-foveolares: relato de casos / Thalidomide in the treatment of subfoveal neovascularization: case reports

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de relatar 4 pacientes que utilizam, durante 6 meses, 100mg/dia de Talidomida para o tratamento de neovascularizaçäo sub-foveolar, relacionada à idade, e, também, idiopática ou inflamatória. Todos foram seguidos regularmente por um clínico e autorizaram o teste terapêutico. Näo houve para-efeito que justificasse a interrupçäo da droga. Em dois olhos houve progressäo do crescimento neovascular. Os outros casos näo exibiram regressäo do quadro, apenas reduçäo discreta das anormalidades clinico-angiográficas

Retinopatia hipertensiva na infância / Hypertensive retinopathy in children

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de verificar a incidência e quais os tipos de repercussöes fundoscópicas em criançäs com diagnóstico clínico de hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HAS). Dezenove crianças foram examinadas e fotodocumentadas. Destas 11 com hipertensäo do tipo secundária. Do total, 7 (37 por cento) exibiram alguma modificaçäo atribuível a doença básica, sendo encontrados na seguinte frequência: estreitamentos arteriolares (16 por cento), aumento da tortuosidade (10,5 por cento) e entrecruzamentos patológicos (10,5 por cento). Nenhuma criança com déficit visual secundário a HAS. Os resultados säo significativos tanto por indicar uma incidência expressiva de alteraçöes retinianas como também por chamar a atençäo de que estes sinais devem ser motivos de investigaçäo clínica quando casualmente detectados durante exames de rotina