Comparative study of Vertucci and Ahmed classifications to evaluate the main root canal configuration of mandibular incisors in a Brazilian population.

This study aimed to compare the main root canal configurations of mandibular incisors (MI) in a Brazilian population using Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classifications. One hundred and sixty-five human permanent MI were scanned using a micro-CT. Two examiners classified the samples according to Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification. Kappa coefficient was employed. The majority of MI had a single root canal (52.1%). Type III Vertucci and 1 MI1-2-1 Ahmed et al. was the most common 2-canal MI (20%). In the apical third, the presence of one, two and three canals was found in 81.8%, 15.2% and 3% respectively. In the cervical and middle thirds, one, two and three canals were found in 86%, 12.2% and 1.8% respectively. Ahmed et al. classification was able to classify the entire sample studied, whereas 11 teeth (6.66%) did not fit Vertucci's classification.

A New Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Dressing: Physical and Chemical Properties, Cytotoxicity and Dentinal Tubule Penetration.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the physical and chemical properties, cytotoxicity and dentinal tubule penetration of a new calcium silicate-based root canal dressing. For pH and calcium ion release evaluation (1, 24, 72 and 168 h) were used a pH meter and colorimetric spectrophotometer, respectively. Radiopacity evaluation followed the ISO 6876:2012. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the percentage of cell viability using MTT assay. Illustrative images of dentinal tubule penetration were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data from pH and calcium ion release were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Radiopacity was analyzed using the Student t-test. The statistical tests for cytotoxicity results were the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Both materials showed alkaline pH in all experimental times. The pH values for calcium hydroxide paste were higher than bioceramic paste at 1, 24, and 72 h (p<0.05). The calcium ion release of bioceramic was lower than the calcium hydroxide paste only at 24 h (p<0.05). The bioceramic was more radiopaque than the calcium hydroxide paste (p<0.05). Bioceramic paste presented a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect after MTT assay. CLSM images showed absence of tubule penetration for both pastes. The new calcium silicate-based canal dressing presented alkaline pH, high calcium release, and acceptable radiopacity. Bio C Temp showed a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic and absence of dentinal tubule penetration.

Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Using a Specific Calcium Fluorophore.

This study aimed to evaluate penetrability on dentinal tubule of a new bioceramic sealer through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A specific fluorophore (Fluo-3) was mixed with the sealer. Forty distobuccal roots from maxillary molars were selected, and root canal preparation was carried out with Wave One Gold # 35.06 instruments. Roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the filling procedures: Bioceramic/Lentulo (Sealer Plus BC); Bioceramic/EasyClean group, three activation of the sealer (3x20 s) with Easy Clean instrument; Bioceramic/Irrisonic: ultrasonic activation for 30 s; and AHplus/Lentulo: epoxy resin based sealer (AH Plus) was utilized with the same protocol as the BC/LE group. After 72 h, specimens were transversally sectioned at 2 and 7 mm from root apex and then analyzed through CLSM. Sealer penetration area on dentinal tubule was measured by Adobe Photoshop CC2018. Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon T tests were carried out. Penetrability results were similar for both sealers regardless of which technique was performed to activate them inside the root canal (p>0.05). It is reasonable to conclude that penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin based sealers occurred unimpressively. The type of instrument used to activate bioceramic sealer did not affect penetrability. Fluo 3 should be recommended as the fluorophore to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic sealers.

High frequency of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in pterygium related to low ultraviolet light exposure.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of clinically unsuspected ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in cases of biopsied pterygium (PT). METHODS: We reviewed 15,016 cases presented at the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory during the period 1993-2013. All cases with a clinical diagnosis of PT were included. Histopathological diagnoses were reviewed and demographic data were retrieved from histopathological request forms. All cases associated with OSSN were re-evaluated independently by two ocular pathologists. The classification of OSSN in PT cases was made based on the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) recommendations. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifteen cases were diagnosed clinically as PT (1.43%) and 54% were from male patients. The average age at diagnosis was 53.4 ± 15.5 years. OSSN was identified in five cases (2.33%), and four of these cases were from female patients (80%). The average age of patients with PT and OSSN was similar to PT patients without OSSN (P > 0.05). Cases with OSSN were diagnosed as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I (60%), CIN II (20%), and CIN III (20%). There was complete agreement between the two pathologists (100%). CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high rate of dysplasia in a low ultraviolet light index area challenges the main cause of this disease in our population, a hypothesis that should be evaluated in future studies. We suggest that all PT samples should be sent for histopathological evaluation even in areas with low ultraviolet light index.

Panorama actual de los inhibidores de la aromatasa en la inducción de la ovulación / Current view of aromatase inhibitors in ovulation induction

El panorama actual de la inducción de la ovulación en el tratamiento de la infertilidad está cambiando debido a la introducción reciente en este campo de los inhibidores de la aromatasa de tercera generación (IA). Estos agentes han mostrado su eficacia como inductores de la ovulación, mediante la inhibición de la aromatasa que convierte los andrógenos en estrógenos, necesarios para el desarrollo y la maduración folicular. Este mecanismo de acción hace a los IA ventajosos frente al citrato de clomifeno, por carecer de efectos antiestrogénicos sobre el endometrio y el moco cervical. Presentamos una revisión de los tópicos más importantes con base en estudios publicados acerca del uso clínico de los IA.

Acido retinoico: terapia alternativa en el tratamiento de la infección por Papiloma Virus Humano del tracto genital femenino profamilia 1992 – 1993 / Retinoic acid: Alternative therapy on treatment of human papillomavirus of female genital tract infection. Profamilia 1992 – 1993

Se realizó un estudio experimental, tipo ensayo clínico, doble ciego para evaluar la respuesta de la infección genital subclínica por el Papilomavirus Humano al tratamiento tópico con Acido Retinoico y 5 Fluoracilo (5-Fu). En forma aleatoria se asignaron 29 pacientes al grupo de tratamiento con 5-Fu (Grupo A) y 20 pacientes al grupo con ácido retinoico (Grupo B). Se administró ácido retinoico en crema al 0.05 por ciento 65-Fu en crema al 5 por ciento, 5cc intravaginal una vez por semana y tópicamente en región vulvoperineal dos veces por semana, durante diez semanas. Se evaluó la mejoría litológica y colposcópica al terminar el tratamiento, la frecuencia y severidad de efectos adversos producido por la terapia tópica, y el efecto de la edad y número de compañeros sexuales activos en la respuesta al tratamiento, veinte (20) pacientes en terapia con 5-Fu y 11 pacientes con ácido retinoico terminaron el estudio...