Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Failure due to Rhabdomyolysis.

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by skeletal muscle cells destruction which can occur for many reasons, including prolonged immobilization. The main complication of the syndrome is the development of acute renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria are responsible for approximately 5% of all causes of acute renal failure in the USA. The cause of rhabdomyolysis is often multifactorial, and approximately 8-20% of such patients develop myoglobinuric acute renal failure.

[Septic shock due to community-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infection treated with ertapenem: outcome in 25 cases]. / Resultados en 25 pacientes con shock séptico por infección intraabdominal complicada adquirida en la comunidad tratados con ertapenem.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of ertapenem in patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit with septic shock due to community-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing emergency surgery for community-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infection were enrolled prospectively. All patients were given intravenous ertapenem at a rate of 1 g/24 h and the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign were applied. Outcome measures were duration of antibiotic therapy, mean length of stay in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU), antibiotic failure, and death while in the surgical ICU. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with a mean (SD) age of 74 (14) years were enrolled. The origin of infection was the colon in 56% of the cases; most patients (76%) had generalized peritonitis. The mean stay in the surgical ICU was 10 (7) days. The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 5.8 (1.26) days. Antibiotic failure occurred in 12%. Mortality in the surgical ICU was 28%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infection and septic shock have a good chance of survival when treated according to the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Ertapenem seems to give good results when used in this setting.

Adjusting positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the pressure-volume curve.

BACKGROUND: Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients implies the selection of the adequate ventilatory parameters, essentially PEEP and tidal volume (Vt), to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury. These parameters should be reset as the lung injury evolves. Among the different methods proposed for the adjustment of the ventilator, the measurement of the P-V curve has emerged as a useful, although debated, tool. Our aim has been to study the relationship between the different inflection points of the P-V curve in ARDS patients, and to assess the changes in the empiric PEEP and Vt (PEEP(emp), V(temp) following its use. METHODS: P-V curves were measured in 27 patients (lung injury score [LIS] >or= 2, 69 measurements) by means of the low-flow continuous inflation method. RESULTS: A lower inflection point (LIP) was found in all patients and, although it correlated with the PEEP(emp), there was only a fair concordance, so the PEEP was modified in 80% of the cases. The expiratory inflection point (EIP) was significantly lower than the LIP (6.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 8.1 +/- 3.2, P = 0.008). An upper inflection point was observed in 16 measurements (23%) and the Vt was reset in 20% of the cases. Both PEEP and Vt were readjusted on 10 occasions (14%). Only the EIP was significantly higher on the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. The LIS was correlated with all the inflection points. There were no differences for any parameter independent of the cause of the ARDS (pulmonary/extrapulmonary). CONCLUSIONS: The quasi-static measurement of the P-V curve is a simple method, easy to interpret, for objective adjustment of the ventilatory parameters in ARDS patients as the lung injury evolves. The implementation of this strategy may vary the empiric clinical practice. The role of the EIP for the evaluation of the severity of lung injury deserves further investigation.