RESUMEN
Demyelinating and inflammatory myelopathies represent a group of diseases with characteristic patterns in neuroimaging and several differential diagnoses. The main imaging patterns of demyelinating myelopathies (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorder) and inflammatory myelopathies (systemic lupus erythematosus-myelitis, sarcoidosis-myelitis, Sjögren-myelitis, and Behçet's-myelitis) will be discussed in this article, highlighting key points to the differential diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple , Mielitis , Neuromielitis Óptica , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal , Humanos , Mielitis/diagnóstico , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuromielitis Óptica/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Myelitis is an extensive group of pathologies, including inflammatory, demyelinating, and infectious disorders, sometimes mimicking tumors. This article will discuss infectious myelitis, mainly the patterns of spinal cord involvement caused by each infectious agent and the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging as a major tool to establish the specific diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Mielitis Transversa , Mielitis , Humanos , Mielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Mielitis/etiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Mielitis Transversa/complicaciones , Mielitis Transversa/diagnóstico , Mielitis Transversa/patología , Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Spinal cord tumors are uncommon, and its multiple representatives not always have pathognomonic characteristics, which poses a challenge for both patients and caring physicians. The radiologist performs an important role in recognizing these tumors, as well as in differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes, supporting clinical and surgical decision-making in patients with spinal cord injury. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessment, paired with a deep understanding of the various patterns of cord involvement allied to detailed clinical data can provide a diagnosis or significantly limit the differential diagnosis in most cases. In this article, we aim to review the most common and noteworthy intramedullary and extramedullary spinal tumors, as well as some other tumoral mimics, with an emphasis on their MRI morphologic characteristics.