RESUMEN
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their clusters are the drivers of metastasis, but their interactions with capillary beds are poorly understood. Using microfluidic models mimicking human capillary bifurcations, we observed cell size- and bifurcation-dependent shedding of nuclei-free fragments by patient CTCs, CTC-derived explant cells and numerous cancer cell lines. Shedding reduced cell sizes up to 61%, facilitating their transit through bifurcations. We demonstrated that shed fragments were a novel class of large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), whose proteome was associated with immune-related and signaling pathways. LEVs were internalized by endothelial and immune cells, disrupted endothelial barrier integrity and polarized monocytes into M2 tumor-promoting macrophages. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that CTCs shed LEVs in capillary beds that drive key processes involved in the formation of pre-metastatic niches.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to establish the essential oil (EO) composition from young shoots of Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus nigra harvested from Romania and evaluate their antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity, as well as potential synergies with currently used antibiotics. The samples' EO average content varied between 0.62% and 1.02% (mL/100 g plant). The mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were dominant in the composition of the studied EOs. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the tested EOs and some pure compounds known for their antimicrobial activity ranged from 6.25 to 100 µL/mL. The most intensive antimicrobial effect was obtained for the Pinus nigra EO, which exhibited the best synergistic effect with some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains (i.e., oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamycin). The subinhibitory concentrations (sMIC) of the coniferous EOs inhibited the expression of soluble virulence factors (DN-ase, lipase, lecithinase, hemolysins, caseinase and siderophore-like), their efficiency being similar to that of the tested pure compounds, and inhibited the rhl gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting their virulence-arresting drug potential.
RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: This study is aimed at the improvement of the biomaterials used in the field of entirely removable prosthesis quality. One important aspect taken into consideration is the adhering of the Candida albicans fibres, a bacterium frequently met at the oral cavity level of old patients, to different variations of acrylate, in search of ways of counter-attacking this tendency of a very resistant microbian structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A number of 19 test-tubes were made under the shape of thin, rectangular plates, 40 mm long and 20 mm wide and a depth varying from 1.8 to 2.5. RESULTS: After analysing the test-tubes for traction forces, was observed: The beraking of the base material was followed by the taking over of the force by the metallic net: the small (elastic) distortions of the acrylate were not simultaneous with the distortions of the reinforcement materials. Polyethylene fibres are made by twisted threads and it presents a lower elasticity module compared tot hat of the acrylic resin, especially duet o the ondulation of the fibres. CONCLUSIONS: Among the advantages of the use acrylic bases renforcement with polyetilene fibres we notice its lower interface effect in comparison with the net acrylical reinforcement.
