Eye enucleation and exenteration in -cattle: a retrospective study of 38 cases (2013-2020).

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to describe clinical indications for eye enucleation and exenteration, the occurrence of complications and long-term outcome in cattle, and examine owners' attitude towards enucleation and exenteration and their satisfaction with the surgical outcome. Medical records from the two veterinary teaching hospitals in Switzerland were reviewed to identify cattle that underwent unilateral enucleation or exenteration between January 2013 and December 2020. Data extracted included medical history, ocular examination, clinical diagnosis, surgical procedure including anesthesia, suture material and pattern used, complications, and treatment thereof. Long-term follow-up was evaluated via national animal database inquiries to determine survival time and via owners' interviews with the use of a standardized questionnaire that included questions regarding the occurrence of complications and reason for culling, production performances and perceived quality of life after surgery, concerns, factors affecting the decision to proceed with surgery, and general satisfaction with the outcome. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests and unpaired t-test were used to summarize the data and assess association between variables. Association was considered significant if p < 0,05. Thirty-eight cases were identified, with a median age of 5 years. More than half of the cases (55,3 %) were diagnosed with non-neoplastic ocular lesions represented by severe trauma with loss of globe content, globe rupture with history of infectious keratoconjunctivitis or hypopyon, or congenital malformations. The remaining cases were diagnosed with neoplastic lesions, including ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), melanoma, or sarcoma. Complications following surgery were reported in 29 % of cases and included postoperative infection and recurrence of OSCC. There was no significant association between ocular diagnosis and the occurrence of postoperative complications or survival time. Surgery did not seem to influence the animals' postoperative production performance or the perceived quality of life. Most owners (92 %) were satisfied with the surgical outcome. The occurrence of postoperative complications leading to increased overall costs and culling was the main reason for lower owner satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: La présente étude vise à décrire les indications cliniques de l'énucléation et de l'exentération de l'œil, la survenue de complications et le résultat à long terme chez les bovins et à examiner l'attitude des propriétaires vis-à-vis de l'énucléation et de l'exentération et leur satisfaction quant au résultat chirurgical. Les dossiers médicaux des deux hôpitaux universitaires vétérinaires de Suisse ont été examinés pour identifier les bovins qui ont subi une énucléation ou une exentération unilatérale entre janvier 2013 et décembre 2020. Les données extraites comprenaient les antécédents médicaux, l'examen oculaire, le diagnostic clinique, la procédure chirurgicale y compris l'anesthésie, le matériel et le patron de suture utilisés, les complications et leur traitement. Le suivi à long terme a été évalué en utilisant la base de données nationale sur les animaux afin de déterminer la durée de survie, et par d'entretiens avec les propriétaires à l'aide d'un questionnaire standardisé qui comprenait des questions concernant l'apparition de complications et la raison de la réforme, les performances de production et la qualité de vie perçue après la chirurgie, les réserves, les facteurs affectant la décision de procéder à la chirurgie et la satisfaction générale du résultat. Les données ont été résumées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et les différences éventuelles entre les variables ont été analysées à l'aide de tests exacts de Fisher et de tests t non appariés. L'association a été considérée comme significative si p < 0,05. Trente-huit cas ont été identifiés, avec un âge médian de 5 ans. Plus de la moitié des cas (55,3 %) ont été diagnostiqués avec des lésions oculaires non néoplasiques causées par un traumatisme grave avec perte du contenu du globe, une rupture du globe avec des antécédents de kératoconjonctivite infectieuse ou d'hypopion ou des malformations congénitales. Les autres cas ont été diagnostiqués comme des lésions néoplasiques, notamment carcinome épidermoïde oculaire, mélanome ou sarcome. Des complications après l'opération ont été signalées dans 29 % des cas, notamment infection postopératoire et récidive du carcinome épidermoïde oculaire. Il n'y avait pas d'association significative entre le diagnostic et l'apparition de complications postopératoires ou la durée de survie. L'intervention chirurgicale n'a pas semblé influencer les performances de production postopératoires des animaux ni la qualité de vie perçue. La plupart des propriétaires (92 %) étaient satisfaits du résultat de la chirurgie. L'apparition de complications postopératoires entraînant une augmentation des coûts globaux et l'abattage des animaux était la principale raison de la baisse de satisfaction des propriétaires.

A prospective pilot study on early toxicity from a simultaneously integrated boost technique for canine sinonasal tumours using image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

In order to overcome the common local treatment failure of canine sinonasal tumours, integrated boost techniques were tried in the cobalt/orthovoltage era, but dismissed because of unacceptable early (acute) toxicity. Intriguingly, a recent calculation study of a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) technique for sinonasal irradiation using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) predicted theoretical feasibility. In this prospective pilot study we applied a commonly used protocol of 10 × 4.2 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) with a 20%-SIB dose to the gross tumour volume (GTV). Our hypothesis expected this dose escalation to be clinically tolerable if applied with image-guided IMRT. We included 9 dogs diagnosed with sinonasal tumours without local/distant metastases. For treatment planning, organs at risk were contoured according to strict anatomical guidelines. Planning volume extensions (GTV/CTV/PTV) were standardized to minimize interplanner variability. Treatments were applied with rigid patient positioning and verified daily with image guidance. After radiation therapy, we set focus on early ophthalmologic complications as well as mucosal and cutaneous toxicity. Early toxicity was evaluated at week 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 after radiotherapy. Only mild ophthalmologic complications were found. Three patients (33%) had self-limiting moderate to severe early toxicity (grade 3 mucositis) which was managed medically. No patient developed ulcerations/haemorrhage/necrosis of skin/mucosa. The SIB protocol applied with image-guided IMRT to treat canine sinonasal tumours led to clinically acceptable side effects. The suspected increased tumour control probability and the risk of late toxicity with the used dose escalation of 20% has to be further investigated.

Comparison of chemically and pharmaceutically modified titanium and zirconia implant surfaces in dentistry: a study in sheep.

Advanced surface modifications and materials were tested on the same implant geometry. Six types of dental implants were tested for osseointegration after 2, 4 and 8 weeks in a sheep pelvis model. Four titanium implant types were treated with newly developed surface modifications, of which two were chemically and two were pharmacologically modified. One implant was made of zirconia. A sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surface was used as reference. The chemically modified implants were plasma-anodized or coated with calcium phosphate. The pharmacological coatings contained either bisphosphonate or collagen type I with chondroitin sulphate. The implants were evaluated using macroscopic, radiographic and histomorphometric methods. All implants were well osseointegrated at the time of death. All titanium implants had similar bone implant contact (BIC) at 2 weeks (57-61%); only zirconia was better (77%). The main BIC increase was between 2 and 4 weeks. The pharmacologically coated implants (78-79%) and the calcium phosphate coating (83%) showed similar results compared with the reference implant (80%) at 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in BIC. Compared with previous studies the results of all implants were comparatively good.