RESUMEN
The paper presents the results of a standard and complex treatment method using the peptide drug thymus thymalin in patients with COVID-19. One of the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of thymalin is considered to be the ability of this peptide drug to influence the differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It was found that, as a result of standard treatment, patients in the control group showed a decrease in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer. The addition of thymalin to standard therapy accelerated the decline in both these indicators and the indicators of the T cell system. This has helped reduce the risk of blood clots in COVID-19 patients. The revealed properties of the thymus peptide preparation are the rationale for its inclusion in the complex treatment of coronavirus infection. Peptideswith potential biological activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus [29]. Note: Nitrogen atoms are shown in blue, oxygen atoms - in red, carbon atoms - in gray, hydrogen atoms - in white, and phosphorus atoms - in yellow.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Hormonas del Timo/uso terapéutico , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , Citocinas/genética , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad , Timo/metabolismo , Hormonas del Timo/genética , Hormonas del Timo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in elderly and senile patients has a number of features and requires special attention to providing medical care. These patients is associated with significant comorbidity and atypical symptoms in the course of the disease. Diabetes mellitus is a common background disease in patients with ACS.A retrospective cohort study was performed, 2945 patients with ACS were examined. Patients were divided into three age groups: group 1 - patients aged 18 to 63 years; group 2 - patients aged 64 to 75 years; group 3 - patients older than 75 years. Number of patients with glucose concentrations above 11.1 mmol/L is significantly higher in elderly and senile groups than in group of patients from 35 to 59 years old. The number of patients with impaired renal function after administration of a contrast medium in the study group with ACS increased with increasing age. Significant difference was revealed between the middle and senile age groups, as well as between the elderly and senile age groups. An increase in the relative number of patients with fatal outcomes in groups with a significant increase in glucose levels was revealed. The connection between the pathological level of glucose and repeated myocardial infarction is proved. Conclusion. The presented statistical picture suggests a particularly high risk of recurring cardiovascular events among patients with ACS and pathological glucose levels. The correlation between the number of deaths and glucose levels during the initial examination allows the use of glucose tests as an additional criterion in the stratification of risks and outcomes in patients with ACS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Coronario Agudo/complicaciones , Hiperglucemia/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Rats were subjected to surfactant-BL inhalations at the early and late phases of bleomycininduced alveolitis. In both regimens, the drug reduced the severity of inflammation. In the acute phase of alveolitis, the therapeutic effect of inhalation was accompanied by activation of the synthesis of fine lose collagen fibrils. In the late phase of alveolitis, inhalation of surfactant-BL thickened the fibrils and diminished their population in alveolar walls.
Asunto(s)
Bleomicina/toxicidad , Colágeno/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Alveolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Alveolos Pulmonares/patología , Surfactantes Pulmonares/toxicidad , Animales , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Alveolos Pulmonares/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Rats were exposed to inhalation of surfactant-BL starting from the first or eighth day after intratracheal administration of bleomycin. At the early stages, the preparation effectively attenuated damage to ultrastructural components of the lung tissue and reduced the severity and extent of subsequent pulmonary pathology.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administración & dosificación , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Bovinos , Esquema de Medicación , Colágenos Fibrilares/análisis , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/patología , Pulmón/patología , Lesión Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Lesión Pulmonar/patología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/patología , Surfactantes Pulmonares/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors have performed 18 circular resections of the trachea (CRT) for adenocystic cancer and typical carcinoid. In 10 of these patients more than 5 cm of the tracheal segment were ablated. Postoperative radiotherapy was made on 8 patients with adenocystic cancer with lengthy CRT. Immediate and long-term results were good that allowed the authors to recommend a single-stage circular resection of the trachea in treatment of high differentiated forms of cancer.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Tráquea/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Broncoscopía , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/diagnóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The work is based on a clinical-laboratory analysis of the pulsatile and non-pulsatile regimens of artificial blood circulation. During operation under investigation were indices of gases of the arterial and venous blood. They were compared with those of gases obtained using the monitor of transcutaneous gases of blood. In the postoperative period a comparison was made between clinical and biochemical indices of blood and coagulogram. The data obtained have shown less negative influence of pulsatile regimen of blood circulation which manifests itself during artificial blood circulation as an increased delivery and extraction of oxygen by tissues, after operation--as improved blood indices.
Asunto(s)
Circulación Asistida/métodos , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/fisiología , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Circulación Coronaria/fisiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Flujo Pulsátil/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio/métodos , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The authors present the results of a study of the baseline condition, the parameters of external respiratory function, gas exchange, and hemodynamics in 42 patients with tracheal cicatricial stenosis (TCS). The impact of transcatheter normofrequency artificial ventilation (AL) on the respiratory and circulatory parameters was studied during surgical TCS removal. The baseline impairments were identified in the external respiratory system and in the hemodynamic provision of breathing processes, which corresponded to first-second grade respiratory failure disorders, despite preoperative tracheal bougienage elimination. Normofrequency and high-frequency AL is the method of choice in treating patients with concomitant respiratory diseases.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Periférico , Cicatriz/cirugía , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Estenosis Traqueal/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Circulación Sanguínea , Cicatriz/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intercambio Gaseoso Pulmonar , Respiración , Estenosis Traqueal/etiologíaRESUMEN
The authors describe comparative results of treatment of 60 elderly and senile patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity vessels. In 50 patients treatment with traditional medicines was combined with intravascular laser irradiation of blood, 10 patients were treated with traditional medicines only. The data obtained by questionnaires concerning the patients' state, expert judgment of doctors in charge of the profile department, indices of instrumental examinations of regional hemodynamics (rheovasography of the lower extremity vessels), data of laboratory investigations of morphofunctional state of erythrocytes and hemorheology showed that laser irradiation of blood gave better results of treatment. Its therapeutic effect persisted during 3 months in most patients.
Asunto(s)
Angioscopía , Arteriosclerosis Obliterante/radioterapia , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Arteriosclerosis Obliterante/sangre , Arteriosclerosis Obliterante/fisiopatología , Eritrocitos/ultraestructura , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Fotomicrografía , Pletismografía de Impedancia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Surfactant-BL was administered to rats via the inhalation route from day 1 or day 8 after intratracheal injection of bleomycin. Bronchoalveolar lavage and morphological characteristics of the lungs were compared. Administration of surfactant-BL at the early terms efficiently reduced the severity of bleomycin-induced alveolitis and atelectases.
Asunto(s)
Bleomicina/toxicidad , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Atelectasia Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapéutico , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Lavado Broncoalveolar , Leucocitos/inmunología , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Masculino , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Morphological and quantitative histoenzymological changes in neurons of dog spinal cord and spinal ganglion were studied in acute and chronic experiments with epidural administration of 0.01% clofelin. No morphofunctional changes were revealed after bolus injection of clofelin in a single dose of 6.5 mg/kg. After administration of clofelin in a daily dose of 15 microg/kg for 14 days permeability of capillaries in the nervous tissue decreased at the site of injection, but increased in intact areas. Compensatory changes in energy supply to neurons manifested in activation of aerobic and anaerobic oxidation. Sufficient level of nucleic acids synthesis confirms qualitative validity of nervous cells. Epidural clofelin did not cause dystrophy and necrosis in neurons of the spinal and spinal ganglion.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/toxicidad , Clonidina/toxicidad , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Anestesia Epidural , Animales , Clonidina/administración & dosificación , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/patología , Inyecciones Epidurales , Neuronas/metabolismo , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/patología , Oxidación-Reducción , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/patologíaRESUMEN
Morphofunctional and histoenzymological changes in spinal cord neurons of mongrel dogs were studied after epidural administration of isobaric 2% lidocaine solution. Control animals received epidural 0.9% sodium chloride. The results obtained from these studies provide evidence for the absence of pathological structural-metabolic changes in nerve tissue after treatment with lidocaine. The occurrence of certain morphofunctional rearrangements in spinal cord neurons were typical of animals of both the experimental and control groups. The changes recorded varied within the limits of physiological variation and provided evidence predominantly of the functional response of these nerve tissue structures to epidural injections of both sodium chloride and lidocaine.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Analgesia Epidural , Animales , Ciclo del Ácido Cítrico/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Espacio Epidural/citología , Espacio Epidural/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Epidurales , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/citología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/citología , Médula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this chronic experimental study performed in 16 dogs was to determine the effect of epidural infusion of 0.01% clopheline solution on the morphological and histoenzymological characteristics of spinal ganglion neurons. Daily infusions of clopheline at the dose of 15 mg/kg for 14 days caused a decrease in capillary permeability in the spinal ganglia at the injection site and its increase in the intact areas. This finding suggests the changes in the activity of the microcirculatory bed with a disturbed interaction in capillary-neuron system. Analysis of morphometric parameters has demonstrated the presence of some functional and reversible dystrophic changes in spinal ganglion neurons, which were associated with epidural infusion of both clopheline and isotonic solution of sodium chloride. Determination of the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes, which reflect the course of aerobic and anaerobic processes in spinal ganglion neurons, has shown no significant differences between the groups of animals infused with or isotonic solution of sodium chloride. In conditions of chronic experiment no significant variations were found in RNA content in ganglionic cells at and outside the sites of infusion of clopheline and of isotonic solution of sodium chloride.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Clonidina/farmacología , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Clonidina/administración & dosificación , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/enzimología , Ganglios Espinales/patología , Inyecciones Epidurales , Neuronas/enzimología , Neuronas/patología , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
The morphological and histoenzymological changes in the spinal neurons and spinal ganglia of dogs were analyzed after epidural administration of a 2% solution of lidocaine in acute and chronic experiments. In the control group the animals were given epidural infusions of 0.9% saline. The results obtained have shown the absence of pathological structural and metabolic changes in the nervous tissue after lidocaine injection. Certain signs of morpho-functional reorganization were noted in the spinal neurons of animals in both experimental and control groups. The registered changes were found to vary within the physiological fluctuation limits and are rather indicative of the functional reaction of the nervous tissue structures in question to the epidural injections of either saline or lidocaine.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/toxicidad , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Lidocaína/toxicidad , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Animales , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/enzimología , Ganglios Espinales/patología , Inyecciones Epidurales , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/patología , Neuronas/ultraestructura , Médula Espinal/enzimología , Médula Espinal/patología , Succinato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The morphological and histoenzymological changes were analyzed in neurons of the bone marrow and spinal ganglia of outbred dogs after they were epidurally administered clonidine in acute (6.4 micrograms/kg) and chronic (15 micrograms/kg) experiments. No pronounced structural-and-metabolic changes in the nervous tissue were revealed after clonidine administration. A certain morphological-and-functional realignment in the spinal nervous cells and ganglia is typical of both experimental animals and controls with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution being administered in the latter group within the chronic experiment. The registered shift did not exceed the limits of biological deviations, which most probably was indicative of the functional reaction in the studied nervous-tissue structures to the epidural injections of drugs.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Clonidina/administración & dosificación , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Clonidina/farmacología , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/enzimología , Ganglios Espinales/ultraestructura , Inyecciones Epidurales , Neuronas/enzimología , Neuronas/ultraestructura , Oxidación-Reducción , Médula Espinal/enzimología , Médula Espinal/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The morphological and histoenzymological changes in spinal neuron and in the spinal ganglia of outbred dogs were analyzed in the epidural administration of 2% solution of lydocaine. The results showed a lack of pathological or structural-and-metabolic changes in the nervous tissue. The morpho-functional reshaping occurring in the spinal cord cells and in the spinal ganglia was in line with that when the 0.9% solution of sodium chloride was in use. The registered changes ranging within the physiological deviations' limits witnessed to a functional reaction of the studied nervous-tissue structures to epidural drugs' injections.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/toxicidad , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Lidocaína/toxicidad , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/enzimología , Ganglios Espinales/ultraestructura , Inyecciones Epidurales , Microscopía Electrónica , Neuronas/enzimología , Neuronas/ultraestructura , Oxidación-Reducción , Médula Espinal/enzimología , Médula Espinal/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
A combination of local anesthetics (2% lydokaine solution, 2 mg/kg; 0.5% bupivakaine solution, 0.4 mg/kg or 0.75% ropivakaine solution, 0.55 mg/kg), promedol (20 mg) and corticosteroids (125 mg hydrocortisone or 80 mg kenalog) was epidurally administered in 78 patients to arrest the pronounced root pain syndrome of the lumbar-sacral localization provoked by intervertebral disk hernias. The most prolonged analgesic effect was registered in groups, whose patients received bupivakaine or ropivakaine, which prevented the onset of pain before the antiinflammatory effect of corticosteroids started. The patient must be informed well in advance about the possibility of a momentary relapse of pains and about the intensification (at the same time moment) of pharmacotherapy prescribed by neuropathologist.
Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Dolor de Espalda/tratamiento farmacológico , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Amidas/administración & dosificación , Amidas/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Bupivacaína/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Ropivacaína , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Clonidina/farmacología , Ganglios Espinales/fisiología , Neuronas/fisiología , Médula Espinal/fisiología , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/administración & dosificación , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Animales , Clonidina/administración & dosificación , Colorantes , ADN/biosíntesis , Perros , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Ganglios Espinales/ultraestructura , Histocitoquímica , Inyecciones Epidurales , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/ultraestructura , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Adhesión en Parafina , ARN/biosíntesis , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/ultraestructura , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/metabolismo , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/fisiología , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The analysis of morphological and histoezymological changes of spinal cord neurons has been performed in outbred dogs following epidural infusion of isobaric 2% lidocaine solution. In the control group the animals received epidural infusion of 0.9% saline. The results obtained indicate the absence of pathological structural and metabolic changes in the nervous tissue after lidocaine application. Certain signs of morpho-functional reorganization were noted in spinal cord neurons of animals in both experimental and control groups. The registered changes were found to vary within the physiological fluctuation limits and are rather indicative of the functional reaction of the studied structures of the nervous tissue to the epidural injections of either saline and lidocaine.