Effect of amines on formation of gold/polyurethane foam nanocomposites and its sensing opportunities.

Effect of amines on formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/polymer nanocomposites has been observed and studied. Nanocomposites based on polyurethane foam and AuNPs were synthesized by interaction between the polymer modified with sodium borohydride and aqueous solution of tetrachloroauric acid. It has been shown that some amines cause a remarkable decrease of the surface plasmon resonance band of AuNPs in the nanocomposite material. Both aliphatic and aromatic amines as well as amines containing several amino groups were studied. A possible mechanism of the effect is discussed. It is probably based on stabilization of AuNPs with an amine that entails a decrease in the degree of their adsorption on PUF and appearance of the stabilized AuNPs in solution. The decrease of the nanocomposite surface plasmon resonance band is proportional to the concentration of amine in the solution. Based on this effect, a method for the determination of cetylamine, ß-naphthylamine and neomycin in water and medical formulations using a monitor calibrator as a portable household tool is proposed. Under the selected conditions, the detection limits for amines were in the range of 0.7-1.5 µM, the determination ranges were approximately an order of magnitude. The observed color change of the nanocomposite samples also provides a good basis for semiquantitative determinations.

Determination of pyrophosphate and sulfate using polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-stabilized silver nanoparticles.

Positively charged polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-stabilized silver nanoparticles (PHMG-AgNPs) were prepared and applied as a colorimetric probe for single-step determination of pyrophosphate and sulfate. The approach is based on the nanoparticles aggregation leading to change in their absorption spectra and color of the solution. Due to both electrostatic and steric stabilization these nanoparticles show decreased sensitivity relatively to many common anions, which allows for simple and rapid direct single-step determination of pyrophosphate and sulfate. Effects of different factors (time of interaction, pH, concentrations of anions and the nanoparticles) on aggregation of PHMG-AgNPs and analytical performance of the procedure were investigated. The method allows for the determination of pyrophosphate and sulfate in the range of 0.16-2µgmL-1 and 20-80µgmL-1 with RSD of 2-5%, respectively. The analysis can be performed using either spectrophotometry or naked-eye detection. Practical application of the method was shown by the example of pyrophosphate determination in baking powder sample.

[GOAL-TARGET INFUSION THERAPY BASED ON NONINVASIVE HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING ESCOO].

We described our experience in using the new noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring (esCCO), which allowed recording most important parameters of heart capacity. Infusion therapy during laparoscopic operations might be based on dynamic of systolic blood volume. This functional approach can be used for evaluation of heart reaction on bolus fluid load, to optimike volemic status in situations associated with dynamical blood circulation changes. We compared intraoperative infused fluid volumes, calculated by traditional approach and by target approach. The obtained results had significant differences among groups, and didn't correspond with "liberal" and "restrictive" strategy for infusion therapy.

[DEXMEDETOMIDINE--THEORY OR EXPERIENCE?].

So far, the ongoing debate about the appropriateness of combining drugs with different mechanisms of analgesic action for optimal antinociceptive protection. The review deals with the theoretical calculations arguing with the physiological rationality for the inclusion of central α2-agonists in the scheme of modern multimodal analgesia. We have presented data from recent reviews regarding the efficacy and safety of intraoperative application of dexmedetomidine as a one of the latest drugs in this class.

[Dexmedetomidine as a part of analgesic component of general anesthesia for laparoscopic operations].

UNLABELLED: The article deals with a study of efficacy and safety of the dexmedetomidine as an analgesic adjuvant drug for anaesthesia during laparoscopic gynecological and abdominal surgeries. Patients and methods: 32 patients received intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine. We assessed an effects of dexmedetomidine on data of central circulation during surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dexmedetomidine allows to decrease an amount of opioid analgesics, inhalation anaesthetics and to avoid severe changes of circulation during traumatic phases of surgeries.

[Comparative assessment of prolonged femoral nerve blockade and epidural analgesia for postoperative pain in total knee joint arthroplasty].

The study deals with two mostly discussed techniques of postoperative analgesia for total knee joint arthroplasty. Surgeries were performed under subarachnoid anaesthesia with intravenous sedation. 9 patients of first group in received prolonged femoral nerve blockade as a component of multimodal analgesia. 8 patients of second group received epidural infusion of naropine. If basic technique of analgesia was not effective patients received trimeperidine 20 mg intramuscular. Patients of second group had less pain syndrome (in order to visual analogue scale) and did not need additional administration of opioids.

[Sepsis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage: incidence and influence on outcome].

The aim of the study is to analyze sepsis and septic shock incidence and their influence on the outcome in critically ill patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Sepsis incidence (33,7%) and septic shock incidence (18,6%) in the patients studied did not depend on intracranial hemorrhage etiology. Septic complications led to higher mortality which was 22,8% in patients with sepsis and 74,4% in patients with septic shock. Sepsis and septic shock risk factors are defined. The problem of sepsis and septic shock diagnosis in critically ill patients with intracranial hemorrhage are highlighted.

Anisotropically and high entanglement of biphoton states generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion.

We show both theoretically and experimentally that biphoton wave packets generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion can be strongly anisotropic and highly entangled. The conditions under which these effects exist are found and discussed.