[The experience of the application of ascorbinic acid as antioxidant after coronary artery surgery with use of cardiopulmonary bypass].

We have studied the role of oxidant stress in development of rhythm disturbances in early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting and possibilities of their prevention with preparations of ascorbinic acid. It was shown that the use of ß-adrenoblockers allows to prevent arrhythmia on first day after operation only in 80% of cases. Patients with developed disturbances of cardiac rhythm were characterized by high parameters of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and substantial changes of activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase. Administration of ascorbinic acid at the stage of preparation of patients to surgery and in first 24 hours after operation allowed to effectively prevent development of oxidative stress and disturbances of cardiac rhythm. A conclusion was made that inclusion of ascorbinic acid in drug therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease could be recommended for prevention of arrhythmia in postoperative period.

[Effect of local and general vibration on male reproductive health].

The paper gives the results of a study evaluating the degree of androgen deficiency and erectile function in patients with Grades 1 and 2 pneumatic hammer disease arising from exposure to local and general vibration. Their examination involved the evaluation of the clinical picture of the disease, by using various male androgen status questionnaires such as the androgen deficiency questionnaire, the androgen reduction rating scale (after Morley); the androgen deficiency in the aging male questionnaire; a scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction (International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5)); the Beck depression inventory. Exposure to vibration was ascertained to play a role in the development of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction in patients with pneumatic hammer disease resulting.

[Definition of rate of biological aging at vibration disease].

The article presents results of definition of biological aging rate at vibration disease caused by the influence of local and general vibration, at I and II stage of disease; a role of vibrating influence in acceleration of biological aging of people working in the conditions of vibration is underlined.

[Psychologic profile of vibration disease patients].

The authors studied some psychologic state parameters in vibration disease patients. Findings are marked differences in patients, depending on the acting vibration type and the disease stage.

[Trends and dynamics of occupational morbidity (according to materials of Samara region)].

The article presents data on occupational morbidity in Samara region over 1980-2008. Increased values are noted, that is due to improved efficiency of occupational therapeutic service, according to the authors.

[The efficiency of combinations of Enalapril and long-acting Nifedipin and Moxonidine in patients with arterial hypertension and a metabolic syndrome].

The aim of the study was to obtain a comparative evaluation of antihypertensive efficacy, tolerability and influence of combine therapy on myocardium mass, diastolic function of a left ventricle, lipid and carbohydrate exchange in patients with arterial hypertension in metabolic syndrome. Out of 40 examined cases 20 patients took enalapril and long-acting nifedipin and 20 ones--enalapril and moxonidine. All examination were been performed before administration of drugs and 6 months after the therapy. The dynamics of indices of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, cycle ergometry, anthropometry, lipid, carbohydrate exchange and tolerability of conducted therapy was been evaluated. The use of this combination of the drugs may be recommended to be included in the treatment of arterial hypertension within the bounds of metabolic syndrome, as in most of cases they promote an achievement of target blood pressure level, have a cardioprotective action, high tolerability and favorable metabolic profile. The combination of enalapril and long-acting nifedipin has a more evident antihypertensive activity but a therapy with enalapril and moxonidine has a positive effect on the indices of carbohydrate exchange.

[An unusual lipid A from a marine bacterium Chryseobacterium scophtalmum CIP 104199T].

The hydrolysis of defatted cells of the marine bacterium Chryseobacterium scophtalmum CIP 104199T with 10% acetic acid (3 h, 100 degrees C) led to an unusual lipid A (LA) (yield 0.6%), obtained for the first time. Using chemical analysis, FAB MS, and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be D-glucosamine 1-phosphate acylated with (R)-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanoic and (R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoic acids at the C2 and C3 atoms, respectively. It is similar to the monosaccharide biosynthetic precursor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), so-called lipid X (LX). Unlike LX, LA can be isolated by the treatment of bacteria with organic solvents only after the preliminary acidic hydrolysis of the cells, which suggests that LA might be strongly, probably chemically, linked to other components of the outer membrane. However, LPS cannot be such a component, because extraction with phenol-water or phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether mixtures in high yields (5.34% and 0.5%, respectively) leads to preparations that do not contain 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid, 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids, or LA.

[The structure of uncommon lipid A from the marine bacterium Marinomonas communis ATCC 27118T].

Lipid A was obtained in a high yield (27%) by the hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide from the marine gamma proteobacterium Marinomonas communis ATCC 27118T with 1% AcOH. Using chemical analysis and ID and 2D NMR spectroscopic and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric methods, it was shown to be beta-(1',6)-linked D-glucosaminobiose 1-phosphate acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyl- or (R)-3-decanoyloxydecanoic acid, (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxydecanoyloxy)]decanoic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid at the C2, C2' and C3 positions, respectively. Uncommon structural peculiarities (a low acylation and phosphorylation degree) of the M. communis lipid A in comparison with those of terrestrial bacteria may be of pharmacological interest. The potential physiological meaning of this lipid A and compounds of similar structure are discussed.

[Diltiazem and verapamil therapy in patients with angina pectoris associated with arterial hypotension]. / Terapiia diltiazemom i verapamilom u bol'nykh stenokardiei na fone arterial'noi gipotonii.

A randomized blind cross-over study with placebo lead-in compared efficacy of calcium antagonists diltiazem and verapamil in 71 patients with stable angina concurrent with arterial hypotension (group 1) and 38 normotensive patients with ischemic heart disease (group 2). By acute bicycle exercise test evidence, verapamil was effective in 80% and 82% patients of group 1 and 2, respectively, dilitiazem--in 67 and 77%, respectively. Cumulation of the effect (p < 0.01) to the third month of verapamil course was comparable in both groups. Tolerance to an antianginal effect of dilitazem developed in 53% patients of group 1 (against 30% in group 2, p < 001) in 2-4 weeks of therapy (against 4-12 weeks in group 2, p < 0.05). By stress 199-T1 scintigraphy of the myocardium, administration of effective doses of diltiazem reduced the number of hypoperfused segments by at least 30%.

[Nitrates in therapy of effort angina in hypotensive patients]. / Nitraty v terapii stenokardii napriazheniia u bol'nykh s arterial'noi gipotenziei.

A randomized single blind cross-over trial with placebo lead-in has been conducted in 71 anginal patients with arterial hypotension (group 1) and 38 ischemic heart disease patients with normal arterial pressure (group 2) to compare efficacy of therapy with isosorbide dinitrate (ID), sustac-forte (SF), isosorbide dinitrate retard (IDR) and trinitrolong (TN). Paired bicycle exercises revealed that in group 1 patients ID was low effective in 49%, SF--in 61%, IDR was highly effective in 97% and TN--in 96%. In group 1 tolerance to antianginal effect of ID, SF and IDR shown by stress myocardial scintigraphy with Tl-199 developed earlier--in 2-4 weeks in 63-70% patients (versus 22-27% in group 2; p < 0.01). Recovery of ID, SF, IDR effect required prolongation of the drug withdrawal period to 8-16 days (versus 3-5 days in group 2; p < 0.05). TN therapy remained effective for 3 months. Resistance to ID, SF in group 1 was relative and depended on dosage form of nitrates.

[Long-acting isosorbide dinitrate and molsidomin in the treatment of effort angina in patients with arterial hypotension]. / Izosorbida dinitrat i molsidomin prolongirovannogo deistviia pri lechenii stenokardii napriazheniia u bol'nykh s arterial'noi gipotoniei.

AIM: To compare effectiveness and tolerance of isosorbide dinitrate (ID) and molsidomin in retard forms in patients with effort angina (EA) in combination with arterial hypotension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomised blind cross-over trial with lead-in placebo period trial compared efficiency of retard ID and molsidomin in 65 EA patients with AH (group 1) and 40 normotensive patients with coronary heart disease (group 2). RESULTS: Bicycle exercise has shown that retard ID and molsidomin retard were highly effective in group 1 (97% vs 92% 0 and group 2 (100 and 95%, respectively). Molsidomin retard treatment improved myocardial perfusion and was effective for a year in both groups. CONCLUSION: Retard ID was highly effective in anginal patients with AH but its tolerance is also high. Molsidomin retard is proposed as alternative treatment in anginal patients with AH.

[Forensic medical expert evaluation of lethal poisoning with narcotics]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaia ékspertiza smertel'nykh otravlenii narkoticheskimi veshchestvami.

Morphological manifestations of lethal narcotic poisoning are analyzed on the basis of results presented in "Acts of Medical Examination of Corpse" and "Expert Conclusions" on 352 cases with lethal narcotic poisoning, suspected (with good grounds) poisoning, and combined poisoning with narcotics and other agents. Causes of failure to detect narcotics in forensic chemical analysis of biological material from the corpse are enumerated.

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of stuttering]. / Patogeneticheskie mekhanizmy zaikaniia.

A complex study including neurologic, psychologic, neurophysiologic and EEG investigation of 33 stutter patients was performed to determine pathogenetic mechanisms of stutter. All clinical data obtained were presented by means of structural schemes based on topical diagnosis. All the symptoms were divided into blocks containing information about functional state of separate CNS structures and systems, character and degree of observed deviation. The analysis of obtained results permits to consider dysfunction of hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal system under emotional stress as a cause of stutter. Peculiarities of the neurohumoral regulatory system development determine both age and sex specificity of the considered syndrome.