Candida guilliermondii as a potential biocatalyst for the production of long-chain α,ω-dicarboxylic acids.

OBJECTIVES: To explore Candida guilliermondii for the production of long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCA), we performed metabolic pathway engineering aiming to prevent DCA consumption during ß-oxidation, but also to increase its production via the ω-oxidation pathway. RESULTS: We identified the major ß- and ω-oxidation pathway genes in C. guilliermondii and performed first steps in the strain improvement. A double pox disruption mutant was created that slowed growth with oleic acid but showed accelerated DCA degradation. Increase in DCA production was achieved by homologous overexpression of a plasmid borne cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene. CONCLUSION: C. guilliermondii is a promising biocatalyst for DCA production but further insight into its fatty acid metabolism is necessary.

Development of a simplified purification method for a novel formaldehyde dismutase variant from Pseudomonas putida J3.

Formaldehyde dismutase (FDM) is a very interesting enzyme, due to the fact that it comprises an internal cofactor regeneration mechanism. The FDM, therefore, is able to catalyze redox reactions independent of exogenous cofactor addition, rendering the enzyme powerful for industrial applications. Currently, only one enzyme of this type has been characterized enzymatically. Furthermore, only one additional DNA-sequence with high homology to FDM has been published. In this work, we identified a new variant of a formaldehyde dismutase gene (fdm) in the Pseudomonas putida J3 strain. To isolate and characterize the enzyme, we developed a simplified method for its purification. This purification is based on a C-terminal 6xHis-tag, which enables functional expression of the enzyme in E. coli and a one-step purification method. In addition, we tested several expression systems for optimal yields and combined this with co-expression of the chaperonins GroESL. Using this simplified and rapid method, we are now able to produce sufficient material in reproducible quality and quantity for application tests with the enzyme. The newly identified enzyme will be applied in a redox cascade for biomethanol production from biogas and shows potential for further industrial biotransformation with integrated cofactor recycling.

Syntaxin specificity of cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.

Syntaxins interact with other SNAREs (soluble NSF-attachment protein receptors) to form structurally related complexes that mediate membrane fusion in diverse intracellular trafficking pathways. The original SNARE hypothesis postulated that each type of transport vesicle has its own distinct vesicle-SNARE that pairs up with a unique target-SNARE, or syntaxin, on the target membrane. However, recent evidence suggests that small G-proteins of the Rab family and their effectors mediate the initial contact between donor and acceptor membranes, providing complementary specificity to SNARE pairing at a later step towards membrane fusion. To assess the role of syntaxin specificity in membrane recognition requires a biological assay in which one syntaxin is replaced by other family members that do not normally function in that trafficking pathway. Here, we examine whether membrane fusion in Arabidopsis thaliana cytokinesis, which involves a plant-specific syntaxin, the cell-cycle-regulated KNOLLE (KN) protein, can be mediated by other syntaxins if expressed under the control of KN cis-regulatory sequences. Only a non-essential syntaxin was targeted to the plane of cell division and sufficiently related to KN to perform its function, thus revealing syntaxin specificity of cytokinesis.