RESUMEN
The present study assessed drug use and the validity of self-reports of substance use among help-seeking veterans referred to a specialty clinic for the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients (n = 341) were asked to provide a urine sample for use in drug screening as part of an evaluation of PTSD. Self-reports of substance use were compared with same-day supervised urine samples for 317 patients who volunteered to participate in a drug screening. Results suggested that self-reports were generally quite valid. Only 8% of the cases involved patients not reporting substance use detected by urine screens. A total of 42% of the participants were identified as using drugs of abuse (excluding alcohol) through self-report and urine drug screens. Among participants using drugs, PTSD diagnosis was significantly associated with greater marijuana and depressant use as compared with stimulant (cocaine and amphetamines) use.
Asunto(s)
Autorrevelación , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/orina , Veteranos/psicología , Adulto , Cannabinoides/orina , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/orina , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/orina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Alucinógenos/orina , Hospitales de Veteranos , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , North Carolina , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
By breaking large molecules into characteristic smaller fragments, analytical pyrolysis extends the use of gas chromatography to the analysis of polymeric materials, including natural polymers such as cellulose as well as synthetics. An understanding of the chemistry involved permits interpretation of the information present in these molecular fragments, with application to polymer and copolymer microstructure in addition to routine identification and quality control. Whether microfurnace, Curie-point or resistively heated filament, the pyrolysis device must be interfaced efficiently to the gas chromatography to make use of the resolving power afforded by capillary columns.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , CalorRESUMEN
Pharmaceutical preparations may be assayed for volatile organic compounds by purging them with a stream of inert carrier gas and collecting the organics onto a suitable sorbent material, from which they may be backflushed to a gas chromatograph. Compared to solvent extraction, the process offers advantages of increased sensitivity, ease of automation, and elimination of the solvent peak. Examples are given of three major sources of volatiles in pharmaceuticals, with the development of a method for quantitating the volatiles using an internal standard.