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OBJECTIVE: Improved understanding of metabolic obesity phenotypes holds great promise for personalized strategies to combat obesity and its co-morbidities. Such investigation is however lacking in Tibetans with unique living environments and lifestyle in the highlands. Effects of altitude on heterogeneous metabolic obesity phenotypes remain unexplored. METHODS: We defined metabolic obesity phenotypes i.e., metabolically healthy/unhealthy and obesity/normal weight in Tibetans (n = 1204) living at 2800 m in the suburb or over 4000 m in pastoral areas. 129 lipoprotein parameters and 25 low-molecular-weight metabolites were quantified and their associations with each phenotype were assessed using logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. The metabolic BMI (mBMI) was generated using a machine learning strategy and its relationship with prevalence of obesity co-morbidities and dietary exposures were investigated. RESULTS: Ultrahigh altitude positively associated with the metabolically healthy and non-obese phenotype and had a tendency towards a negative association with metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Phenotype-specific associations were found for 107 metabolites (e.g., lipoprotein subclasses, N-acetyl-glycoproteins, amino acids, fatty acids and lactate, p < 0.05), among which 55 were manipulated by altitude. The mBMI showed consistent yet more pronounced associations with cardiometabolic outcomes than BMI. The ORs for diabetes, prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia were reduced in individuals residing at ultrahigh altitude compared to those residing at high altitude. The mBMI mediated the negative association between pastoral diet and prevalence of prediabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found metabolite markers representing distinct obesity phenotypes associated with obesity co-morbidities and the modification effect of altitude, deciphering mechanisms underlying protective effect of ultrahigh altitude and the pastoral diet on metabolic health.
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Altitud , Dieta , Obesidad , Fenotipo , Humanos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Tibet , Masculino , Femenino , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
To investigate the impact and potential mechanisms of extracts from different parts of Liparis nervosa on neuroinflammation by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells. The materials of L. nervosa were subjected to crushing, ethanol extraction, and concentration to obtain an alcohol extract. Subsequently, the extract was further extracted to obtain petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, N-butanol extract, and aqueous phase extract. The ethyl acetate extract was separated into distillate(1)-(6)using D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The experiment was divided into control group, LPS model group, L. nervosa extract group, and LPS + L. nervosa group. LPS was utilized to induce a neuroinflammatory cell model in BV-2 microglial cells. The Griess test was utilized for detecting the production of nitric oxide(NO) in the cell supernatant. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The release of interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) in the cell supernatant was quantified using ELISA.RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the m RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), interleukin( IL)-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α. The protein expression of i NOS, COX-2, nuclear factor kappa-B p65(p65), p-p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK), p-ERK, c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), p-JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38), and p-p38 MAPK(p-p38) were also evaluated by Western blot. The chemical composition of active substances in L. nervosa was analyzed using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap technology and literature comparison. Our findings indicate that extracts from different parts of L. nervosa exhibit a significant reduction in the release of NO from LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells.Specifically, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrates the most notable inhibitory effect without causing cell toxicity. Additionally, the distillate(6) extracted from the ethyl acetate exhibits a reduction in the m RNA and protein levels of i NOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner, and it inhibits the protein expression of p-p65, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. A total of 79 compounds in the distillate(6) were identified by mass spectrometry, including 12 confirmed compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. This study confirmed the remarkable efficacy of L. nervosa extract in the treatment of neuroinflammation, which may be achieved through the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Lipopolisacáridos , Microglía , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Microglía/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Línea Celular , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Introduction: The escalation of urbanization correlates with rising rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necessitating research into new etiological factors. This study aims to elucidate the gut microbiota profiles in IBD patients and compare them with healthy controls in a western city of China. Methods: We conducted a multicenter case-control study from the end of 2020, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 36) and metagenomic sequencing (n = 12) to analyze the gut microbiota of newly diagnosed IBD patients, including those with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Results: Our results demonstrated a significant enrichment of the phylum Proteobacteria, particularly the genus Escherichia-Shigella, in CD patients. Conversely, the genus Enterococcus was markedly increased in UC patients. The core gut microbiota, such as the Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Fusicatenibacter, and Holdemanella, were primarily identified in healthy subjects. Additionally, significant interactions between the microbiome and virulence factors were observed. Discussion: The findings suggest that oxidative stress may play a pivotal role in the pathology of IBD. This study contributes to the growing dialogue about the impact of gut microbiota on the development of IBD and its variations across different geographies, highlighting potential avenues for further research.
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China introduced civil and administrative public interest litigation (PIL) through a series of pilot projects and legislative revisions in recent years. Now a procuratorate has the standing to bring civil PIL cases against polluters and administrative PIL cases against administrative agencies in its jurisdictions while a qualified non-governmental organization (NGO) has no geographic limits and may bring civil PIL cases against polluters anywhere in mainland China. Previous literature focused on the use of PIL for redressing environmental damages in individual cases. This paper studies the function of PIL beyond individual cases with game theory. This paper uses data collected through autoethnography, interviews, databases of judgements, statistics, and previous literature. This paper finds that local procuratorates and NGOs brought a large number of environmental PIL cases and changed the behavior patterns of local governments and their environmental protection agencies as well as that of polluters. Before the introduction of PIL rules, governmental officers of local governments and their environmental protection agencies were more discretionary and selective in environmental law enforcement and were more cooperative with polluters. After the law introduced PIL rules, they are now less discretionary in environmental law enforcement, less cooperative with polluters, and more likely to strictly enforce the environmental law. This paper models the interaction between local governments and polluters before the introduction of environmental PIL as an infinitely repeated game and reveals the ensuing cooperation. This infinitely repeated game was broken by new players introduced by the PIL, i.e., the procuratorate, NGOs, and the court, which changed the behavior patterns of the local government and its environmental protection agencies as well as that of polluters. This paper concludes that the function of PIL beyond individual cases lies in that it breaks the chain of infinitely repeated game between the local government and polluters and thus changes their behavior patterns.
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Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer often have poor outcomes, primarily due to hepatic metastasis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have the ability to secrete cytokines and other molecules that can remodel the tumor microenvironment, facilitating the spread of cancer to the liver. Kupffer cells (KCs), which are macrophages in the liver, can be polarized to M2 type, thereby promoting the expression of adhesion molecules that aid in tumor metastasis. Our research has shown that huachanshu (with bufalin as the main active monomer) can effectively inhibit CRC metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism still needs to be thoroughly investigated. We have observed that highly metastatic CRC cells have a greater ability to induce M2-type polarization of Kupffer cells, leading to enhanced metastasis. Interestingly, we have found that inhibiting the expression of IL-6, which is highly expressed in the serum, can reverse this phenomenon. Notably, bufalin has been shown to attenuate the M2-type polarization of Kupffer cells induced by highly metastatic Colorectal cancer (mCRC) cells and down-regulate IL-6 expression, ultimately inhibiting tumor metastasis. In this project, our aim is to study how high mCRC cells induce M2-type polarization and how bufalin, via the SRC-3/IL-6 pathway, can inhibit CRC metastasis. This research will provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the anti-CRC effect of bufalin.
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Bufanólidos , Neoplasias del Colon , Interleucina-6 , Macrófagos del Hígado , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Macrófagos del Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos del Hígado/metabolismo , Bufanólidos/farmacología , Bufanólidos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Humanos , Animales , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Polaridad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Metástasis de la NeoplasiaRESUMEN
Maternal metal (loid)s exposure has been related to birth outcomes but the results are still inconclusive. Most previous studies have discussed the single metal (loid)s, neglecting the scene of co-exposure. We examined the associations of both single metal (loid)s and metal mixtures with birth outcomes in a birth cohort from the Tibetan Plateau, including body weight, body length, head circumference, small for gestational age (SGA), and Ponderal index (PI). In our analysis of 1069 women, we measured 29 metal (loid)s in urine samples in the third trimester. The associations of single metal (loid)s with categorical or continuous birth outcomes were evaluated using a generalized linear mixed-effects model or linear mixed-effects model, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Bayesian kernel machine, and Quantile g-computation regression were used to explore the joint association. We also evaluated the interactive effects of ethnicity and altitude on the effect of metal (loid)s on birth outcomes. Copper (Cu) concentration in maternal urine was positively associated with SGA, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference in the single pollutant models. For instance, Cu was associated with an increased risk of SGA [OR (95% CI) = 1.56 (1.23, 1.97); P < 0.001]. We didn't find significant joint association of metal mixtures with birth outcomes except a positive association between the mixture of Cu, Magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) with the risk of SGA when the exposure level was above its 80th percentile, and Cu dominated the adverse association in a non-linear manner. Living altitude modified the associations of Cu with SGA and the positive association was only found in participants living at high altitude. In conclusion, maternal urinary metal (loid)s, especially Cu, was the dominant harmful metal (loid)s when associated with SGA on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Metales , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Femenino , Teorema de Bayes , Tibet , Peso al Nacer , Retardo del Crecimiento FetalRESUMEN
Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) has abundant natural rubber in its root and the molecular weight of its natural rubber is higher than that in Hevea brasiliensis. Thus, TKS is an excellent alternative for the commercial production of natural rubber. The content and molecular weight of natural rubber are two qualitative indicators. Efficient determination for both indicators is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the content and molecular weight of natural rubber in TKS with pyrolysisï¼gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content of natural rubber was quantified by internal standard method. We optimized the pyrolysis temperature and chromatographic method during content determination. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.47 and 1.56 µg, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid methyl ester, an unsaturated fatty acid proposed from the α-end group of natural rubber, was quantified to obtain the number of natural rubber polymers. Based on the content and the polymer number, we also quantified the molecular weight of natural rubber. Thus, the content and molecular weight of natural rubber were simultaneously determined in TKS. Our study provides a new perspective for the high throughput analysis of natural rubber.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1054627.].
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Little is known about the longitudinal association between dietary patterns (DPs) and metabolic disorders in people living at high altitude areas, such as Tibetans. We constructed the first open cohort, with 1832 Tibetans, and collected data in 2018 and in 2022. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence was 30.1% (32.3% in men and 28.3% in women). Three different DPs were identified: modern DP (pulses, poultry, offal, and processed meat), urban DP (vegetables, refined grain, beef/mutton, and eggs), and pastoral DP (Tibetan cheese, tsamba, butter/milk tea, and desserts). Participants within the third tertile of the urban DP had a 3.42-fold (95% CI 1.65-7.10) higher risk of MetS than those with the first tertile. Modern DP was positively associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglycerides (TAG), while it was inversely associated with low HDL-C. The urban DP was associated with a higher risk of low HDL-C, but a lower risk of impaired fasting blood glucose (FBG). The pastoral DP was a risk factor for impaired FBG, but protective for central obesity and elevated BP. Associations of modern DP with elevated BP, and pastoral DP with low HDL-C, were modified by altitude. In conclusion, among Tibetan adults, DPs were associated with MetS and its components, and the associations were modified by altitude among Tibetans.
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Hipertensión , Síndrome Metabólico , Bovinos , Animales , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Altitud , Estudios de Cohortes , Tibet/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiologíaRESUMEN
Maintaining a healthy status is crucial for the successful captive breeding of endangered alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster, AMD), and captive breeding programs are beneficial to the ex-situ conservation and wild population recovery of this species. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota is essential for host health, survival, and environmental adaptation. However, changes in feeding environment and food can affect the composition and function of gut microbiota in musk deer, ultimately impacting their health and adaptation. Therefore, regulating the health status of wild and captive AMD through a non-invasive method that targets gut microbiota is a promising approach. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to reveal the composition and functional variations between wild (N = 23) and captive (N = 25) AMD populations. The results indicated that the gut microbiota of wild AMD exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity (P < 0.001) and greater abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, as well as several dominant genera, including UCG-005, Christensenellaceae R7 group, Monoglobus, Ruminococcus, and Roseburia (P < 0.05), compared to captive AMD. These findings suggest that the wild AMD may possess more effective nutrient absorption and utilization, a more stable intestinal microecology, and better adaption to the complex natural environment. The captive individuals displayed higher metabolic functions with an increased abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and certain dominant genera, including Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, NK4A214 group, and Alistipes (P < 0.05), which contributed to the metabolic activities of various nutrients. Furthermore, captive AMD showed a higher level of 11 potential opportunistic pathogens and a greater enrichment of disease-related functions compared to wild AMD, indicating that wild musk deer have a lower risk of intestinal diseases and more stable intestinal structure in comparison to captive populations. These findings can serve as a valuable theoretical foundation for promoting the healthy breeding of musk deer and as a guide for evaluating the health of wild-released and reintroduced musk deer in the future. KEY POINTS: ⢠Wild and captive AMD exhibit contrasting gut microbial diversity and certain functions. ⢠With higher diversity, certain bacteria aid wild AMD's adaptation to complex habitats. ⢠Higher potential pathogens and functions increase disease risk in captive AMD.
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Ciervos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Ciervos/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Bacterias/genética , Bacteroidetes/genética , Clostridiales/genéticaRESUMEN
Fruit size and shape are controlled by genes expressed during the early developmental stages of fruit. Although the function of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2) in promoting leaf adaxial cell fates has been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, the molecular mechanisms conferring freshy fruit development as a spatial-temporal expression gene in tomato pericarp remain unclear. In the present study, we verified the transcription of SlAS2 and SlAS2L, two homologs of AS2, in the pericarp during early fruit development. Disruption of SlAS2 or SlAS2L caused a significant decrease in pericarp thickness as a result of a reduction in the number of pericarp cell layers and cell area, leading to smaller tomato fruit size, which revealed their critical roles in tomato fruit development. In addition, leaves and stamens exhibited severe morphological defects in slas2 and slas2l single mutants, as well as in the double mutants. These results demonstrated the redundant and pleiotropic functions of SlAS2 and SlAS2L in tomato fruit development. Yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays showed that both SlAS2 and SlAS2L physically interact with SlAS1. Molecular analyses further indicated that SlAS2 and SlAS2L regulate various downstream genes in leaf and fruit development, and that some genes participating in the regulation of cell division and cell differentiation in the tomato pericarp are affected by these genes. Our findings demonstrate that SlAS2 and SlAS2L are vital transcription factors required for tomato fruit development.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
At present, recurrence and metastasis are still important factors that lead to a poor prognosis among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote tumorigenesis and development. Bufalin is the main active monomer of the clinical drug cinobufacini, which exhibits antitumor activity in various cancers. But few research have investigated the effect of bufalin in inhibiting metastasis from the perspective of the tumor microenvironment. We first isolated CAFs from freshly resected colorectal cancer patient specimens and observed the effect of CAFs on CRC cell invasion through a series of experiments. We explored the effect of bufalin on the physiological activity of CRC mediated by CAFs through experiments. In our study, we found that CAFs could promote CRC cell activity through the STAT3 pathway. Bufalin reversed CAF-mediated CRC invasion and metastasis by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Overexpression of STAT3 attenuated the inhibitory function of bufalin on invasion and metastasis. Taken together, bufalin can reverse CAF-mediated colorectal cancer metastasis based on inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Apoptosis , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Microambiente Tumoral/fisiología , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP), the first national park in China, is one of the most important biodiversity conservation areas in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve (SNNR) and even the world. The threatened ungulates play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the ecosystem diversity and stability in SNNR. Here, based on 1434 occurrence records of six ungulates, the maximum entropy model, with two different strategies, was utilized to determine the priority reserves. The results indicated that the priority reserves in SNNR was mainly located in and around SNP, which were mainly distributed in the middle east, middle west, and southwest of SNNR. Six ungulates shared preference for altitude ranging 4000-5000 m, the average annual temperature below -3.0°C, and average annual precipitation ranging 200-400 mm on meadow, steppe, and unused land. The proportion of high and medium suitable areas for ungulates in SNP was higher than that in SNNR. As the SNP is not contiguously spaced in space, and some core wildlife habitats are not included, it is suggested to optimize the functional areas and adjust the boundary range on the basis of the pilot scope of SNP, so as to enhance the integrity and connectivity of each functional area.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the radiographic features of patients with progressive and nonprogressive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022, by using the keywords: "COVID-19", "novel Coronavirus", "2019-novel coronavirus", "CT", "radiology" and "imaging". We summarized the computed tomography manifestations of progressive and nonprogressive COVID-19 pneumonia. The meta-analysis was performed using the Stata statistical software version 16.0. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies with 1092 patients were included in this analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that the dominating computed tomography characteristics of progressive patients were a crazy-paving pattern (odds ratio [OR]â =â 2.10) and patchy shadowing (ORâ =â 1.64). The dominating lesions distribution of progressive patients were bilateral (ORâ =â 11.62), central mixed subpleural (ORâ =â 1.37), and central (ORâ =â 1.36). The other dominating lesions of progressive patients were pleura thickening (ORâ =â 2.13), lymphadenopathy (ORâ =â 1.74), vascular enlargement (ORâ =â 1.39), air bronchogram (ORâ =â 1.29), and pleural effusion (ORâ =â 1.29). Two patterns of lesions showed significant links with the progression of disease: nodule (Pâ =â .001) and crazy-paving pattern (Pâ =â .023). Four lesions distribution showed significant links with the progression of disease: bilateral (Pâ =â .004), right upper lobe (Pâ =â .003), right middle lobe (Pâ =â .001), and left upper lobe (Pâ =â .018). CONCLUSION: Nodules, crazy-paving pattern, and/or new lesions in bilateral, upper and middle lobe of right lung, and lower lobe of left lung may indicate disease deterioration. Clinicians should formulate or modify treatment strategies in time according to these specific conditions.
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COVID-19 , Neumonía , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
Blood flesh is a key fruit trait in peaches (Prunus persica) and can be attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. The roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted by multiple studies in regulating fruit ripening, anthocyanin accumulation, and abiotic stress responses in many flowering plants. Such regulatory functions of lncRNAs in Prunus persica, nonetheless, have not been reported. In this research, we sequenced and analyzed the complete transcriptome of C3-20 (a blood-fleshed peach) fruit at four developmental stages. Analyses of the correlated genes and differentially expressed lncRNA target genes helped to forecast lncRNAs' possible functions. The RNA-seq data were generated using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 17,456 putative lncRNAs, including 4,800 intergenic lncRNAs, 2,199 antisense lncRNAs, and 10,439 intronic lncRNAs were discovered, of which 4,871 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were annotated in the fruit developmental processes. The target genes of these DE-lncRNAs and their regulatory relationship identifying 21,795 cis-regulated and 18,271 trans-regulated targets of the DE-lncRNAs were in a similar way predicted by us. The enriched GO terms for the target genes included anthocyanin biosynthesis. Flavonoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were also included in the enriched KEGG pathways. Co-expression network construction demonstrated that the highly expressed genes might co-regulate multiple other genes associated with auxin signal transduction and take effect in equal pathways. We discovered that lncRNAs, including LNC_000987, LNC_000693, LNC_001323, LNC_003610, LNC_001263, and LNC_003380, correlated with fruit that ripened and could take part in ethylene biosynthesis and metabolism and the ABA signaling pathway. Several essential transcription factors, such as ERFs, WRKY70, NAC56, and NAC72, may in a similar way regulate fruit ripening. Three DE-lncRNAs, XLOC_011933, XLOC_001865, and XLOC_042291, are involved in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and positively regulating UVR8 and COP10, were identified and characterized. Our discovery and characterization of XLOC_011933, XLOC_001865, and XLOC_042291 provide a more precise understanding and preliminarily establishes a theoretical framework for UV-B-induced flesh anthocyanin biosynthesis. This phenomenon might encourage more in-depth investigations to study the molecular mechanisms underlying peach flesh coloring.
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In high-altitude environments, the prevalence of high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) ranges between 5 and 18 percent. However, there is currently no effective treatment for this condition. Therefore, disease prevention has emerged as a critical strategy against this disease. Here, we looked into the microarray profiles of GSE135109 and GSE29977, linked to either short- or long-term exposure to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed inhibition in the adaptive immune response during 30 days of exposure to QTP. Following a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) discovered that genes associated with HAPC were enriched in Cluster1, which showed a dramatic upregulation on the third day after arriving at the QTP. We then used GeneLogit to construct a logistic prediction model, which allowed us to identify 50 genes that classify HAPC patients. In these genes, LRRC18 and HCAR3 were also significantly altered following early QTP exposure, suggesting that they may serve as hub genes for HAPC development. The in-depth study of a combination of the datasets of transcriptomic changes during exposure to a high altitude and whether diseases occur after long-term exposure in Hans can give us some inspiration about genes associated with HAPC development during adaption to high altitudes.
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Mal de Altura , Policitemia , Altitud , Mal de Altura/genética , Humanos , Policitemia/complicaciones , Policitemia/genética , Tibet/epidemiología , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore how AADAC functions in the malignant progression of ovarian cancer, and the effect of AADAC on drug therapeutic activity against ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: AADAC level in tumor and normal samples from TCGA-OV dataset and its survival significance were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Signaling pathway enrichment analysis for the high- and low-AADAC patients was achieved by using GSEA software. AADAC expression in the cell lines with different treatments was evaluated via qRT-PCR. Cell proliferative ability was assessed via MTT assay Cell migratory and invasive abilities were evaluated via transwell assay. Angiogenesis assay was performed to examine the angiogenetic ability. RESULTS: AADAC was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues, and patients with high expression of AADAC had favorable survival conditions compared to the low AADAC expression ones. Overexpression of AADAC inhibited the malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Both cisplatin and imatinib suppressed cancer cell malignant progression, while overexpressed AADAC synergistically enhanced such inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that AADAC could somehow suppress the malignant progression of ovarian cancer, especially at the cellular level. In addition, synergic tumor-inhibitory effects between AADAC and the anti-cancer drugs were identified. All the above results proposed a novel idea and candidate biomarker for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Cisplatino/farmacología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Mesilato de Imatinib/farmacología , Mesilato de Imatinib/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We report electrically pumped continuous-wave (CW) InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers directly grown on planar exact silicon (001) with asymmetric waveguide structures. Surface hydrogen-annealing for the GaAs/ Si (001) templates and low-temperature growth for GaInP upper cladding layers were combined in the growth of the laser structure to achieve a high slope efficiency. For the broad-stripe edge-emitting lasers with 2-mm cavity length and 20-µm stripe width made from the above laser structure, a threshold current density of 203.5 A/cm2 and a single-facet slope efficiency of 0.158 W/A are achieved at â¼1.31 µm band under CW conditions. The extrapolated mean-time-to-failure reaches up to 21000 hours at room temperature, which is deduced from the data measured from C-mount packaged devices. Importantly, these results can provide a practical strategy to realize 1.3 µm wavelength band distributed feedback lasers directly on planar exact Si (001) templates with thin buffer layers.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether parenting stress mediate the relationship between social support and quality of life in parents of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. In addition, we examined what other variables moderate the relationships in this mediation model. METHODS: Using the two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM), 44 correlation matrices were synthesized from 28 empirical studies (N = 13,270) and fitted to the hypothesized mediation model. RESULTS: There is a significant partial mediation effect of parenting stress on the relationship between social support and quality of life. Subgroup analysis through the first stage analysis suggested that social support measurements, parental role, and child's age moderated the relationship between social support and parenting stress, and that the focus of quality of life moderated the relationship between social support and quality of life. Subgroup analysis through the second stage analysis indicated that parenting stress had a significantly stronger predictive effect on quality of life in Western culture, while the predictive effect of social support on quality of life was significantly stronger in Eastern culture. CONCLUSION: Having more social support can reduce parents' stress and then improving their quality of life, which can help them cope more positively and effectively with their autistic children.