Pyridine-borane complex-catalysed thioesterification: the direct conversion of carboxylic acids to thioesters.

Thioesters are a common class of biologically active fragments and synthetically useful building blocks. An attractive synthetic approach would be to use simple and bench-stable carboxylic acids as a coupling partner. Herein, we present a 4-bromo pyridine-borane complex as a catalyst for the direct coupling of carboxylic acids with thiols. A wide range of thioesters with good functional group compatibility could be prepared via this metal-free approach. The merit of this strategy is exemplified by the modification of carboxylic acid-containing drugs.

Stem cell-derived exosomes for traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on a rat model.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Exosome therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a current research hotspot, but its therapeutic effect and the best source of stem cells for exosomes are unclear. METHODS: The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to March 28, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two investigators. RESULTS: A total of 40 studies were included for data analysis. The findings of our traditional meta-analysis indicate that exosomes derived from stem cells significantly improve the motor function of TSCI at various time points (1 week: weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-2.30] 2 weeks: WMD = 3.12, 95% CI 2.64-3.61; 3 weeks: WMD = 4.44, 95% CI 3.27-5.60; 4 weeks: WMD = 4.54, 95% CI 3.42-5.66). Four kinds of stem cell-derived exosomes have been studied: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the therapeutic effect among the exosomes derived from four kinds of stem cells at different treatment time points. Although exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the current research focus, exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential and should become the focus of future attention. CONCLUSIONS: The exosomes derived from stem cells can significantly improve the motor function of TSCI rats, and the exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential. However, the lower evidence quality of animal studies limits the reliability of experimental results, emphasizing the need for more high-quality, direct comparative studies to explore the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes and the best source of stem cells.

Bibliometric analysis of stem cells for spinal cord injury: current status and emerging frontiers.

Background: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury to visualize the research status, identify hotspots, and explore the development trends in this field. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database using relevant keywords ("stem cells" and "spinal cord injury") and retrieved the published literature between 2000 and 2022. Data such as journal title, author information, institutional affiliation, country, and keywords were extracted. Afterwards, we performed bibliometric analysis of the retrieved data using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 5375 articles related to stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury were retrieved, and both the annual publication volume and the cumulative publication volume showed an upward trend. neural regeneration research was the journal with the most publications and the fastest cumulative publication growth (162 articles), Okano Hideyuki was the author with the highest number of publications and citations (114 articles), Sun Yat-sen University was the institution with the highest number of publications (420 articles), and China was the country with the highest number of publications (5357 articles). However, different authors, institutions, and countries need to enhance their cooperation in order to promote the generation of significant academic achievements. Current research in this field has focused on stem cell transplantation, neural regeneration, motor function recovery, exosomes, and tissue engineering. Meanwhile, future research directions are primarily concerned with the molecular mechanisms, safety, clinical trials, exosomes, scaffolds, hydrogels, and inflammatory responses of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries. Conclusion: In summary, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and frontiers of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. The findings provide a foundation for future research and clinical translation efforts of stem cell therapy in this field.

Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disease with huge public health burden. The complications associated with it, especially deep vein thrombosis (DVT), further aggravate the disability. Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of DVT after SCI, in order to provide guidance for disease prevention in the future. Methods: A search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane database up to November 9, 2022. Literature screening, information extraction and quality evaluation were performed by two researchers. The data was later combined by metaprop and metan commands in STATA 16.0. Results: A total of 101 articles were included, including 223,221 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the overall incidence of DVT was 9.3% (95% CI: 8.2%-10.6%), and the incidence of DVT in patients with acute and chronic SCI was 10.9% (95% CI: 8.7%-13.2%) and 5.3% (95% CI: 2.2%-9.7%), respectively. The incidence of DVT decreased gradually with the accumulation of publication years and sample size. However, the annual incidence of DVT has increased since 2017. There are 24 kinds of risk factors that may contribute to the formation of DVT, involving multiple aspects of the baseline characteristics of the patient, biochemical indicators, severity of SCI, and comorbidities. Conclusions: The incidence of DVT after SCI is high and has been gradually increasing in recent years. Moreover, there are numerous risk factors associated with DVT. Comprehensive preventive measures need to be taken as early as possible in the future. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022377466.

A systematic review, umbrella review, and quality assessment on clinical translation of stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis: Are we there yet?

BACKGROUND: The success of stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in preclinical animal models has accelerated the pace of clinical translation. However, it remains uncertain whether the current scientific evidence supports the clinical application of stem cells in treating KOA. A comprehensive evaluation of the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies and scientific evidence quality is necessary. METHODS: Using "stem cells" and "knee osteoarthritis" as the search terms, several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov, were searched on August 25, 2022, and updated on February 27, 2023. Clinical studies that reported adverse reactions (ARs) of stem cell therapy in KOA patients were included without limiting the type of studies. Quantitative systematic reviews of stem cell therapy for KOA that conducted meta-analysis were included. Two researchers conducted literature screening and data extraction independently, and the evidence quality was evaluated according to the Institute of Health Economics and AMSTAR 2 criteria. RESULTS: Fifty clinical studies and 13 systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) were included. Nineteen ARs were reported in 50 studies, including five knee-related ARs, seven common ARs, and seven other ARs. Some studies reported over 10% prevalence of knee pain (24.5%; 95% CI [14.7%, 35.7%]), knee effusion (12.5%; 95% CI [4.8%, 22.5%]), and knee swelling (11.9%; 95% CI [3.5%, 23.5%]). Additionally, two studies have reported cases of prostate cancer and breast tumors, respectively. However, these two studies suggest that stem cell therapy does not bring significant ARs to patients. SRs/MAs results revealed that stem cell therapy relieved pain in patients over time but did not improve knee function. However, current clinical studies have limited evidence regarding study objectives, test designs, and patient populations. Similarly, SRs/MAs have inadequate evidence regarding study design, risk of bias assessment, outcome description, comprehensive discussion, and potential conflicts of interest. CONCLUSIONS: The inefficacy of stem cells, the risk of potential complications, and the limited quality of evidence from current studies precluded any recommendation for using stem cell products in patients with KOA. Clinical translation of stem cell therapies remains baseless and should be cautiously approached until more robust evidence is available. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355875.

[Research Progressin the Relationship between Interleukin-6 and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration].

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main diseases causing low back pain,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Recent studies have discovered that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is highly expressed in the tissues and cells of degenerative intervertebral disc and is closely related to the occurrence and development of IDD.However,the signaling pathway and role of IL-6 in IDD remain to be understood.Therefore,this article reviews the recent studies about the signaling pathway and role of IL-6 in IDD,aiming to facilitate the clinical work and subsequent research progress.

Clinicopathologic significance of Her-2 and P53 expressions in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: To detect the expression of HER-2 and P53 patients with gastric cancer and to analyze their correlation. METHODS: A total of 249 gastric cancer patients with complete clinical data who received surgical treatment from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were selected. The expression of Her-2 and P53 were detected by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The correlations between HER-2 and P53 in gastric cancer were analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rate of Her-2 and P53 expression was 37.3% (93/249) and 100% in all the specimens, respectively. The intensity of Her-2 expression was significantly different in patients with different degrees of gastric cancer cell differentiation (P = 0.012). Meanwhile, the expression of her-2 was closely related to whether the pathological type of gastric cancer was a signet-ring cell carcinoma (P = 0.022). Different percentage of positive P53 expression was closely related to the grade of tumor differentiation (P = 0.035) and positive Ki67 expression (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between HER-2 and P53 expression in gastric cancer (P = 0.003). These findings suggest that HER-2 and P53 have synergistic effects in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Her-2 and P53 are important markers for invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Combined detection of P53 and Her-2 expression in gastric cancer tissue can be used to assess prognosis and screen cancer patients at high risk of metastasis.

The Effect of Rotary-Die Equal-Channel Angular Pressing Process on the Microstructure, the Mechanical and Friction Properties of GW103 Alloy.

In this study, the effect of rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing (RD-ECAP) on the microstructure and texture evolution of GW103 alloy is studied. RD-ECAP processes were carried out for 1, 4 and 12 passes at 450 °C. The mechanical properties and friction behavior of RD-ECAP-processed Mg-10Gd-3Y (wt%) alloy (GW103) are discussed. The results reveal that the size of dynamic recrystallized grains and second-phase particles are significantly refined to about 1.3 µm and 1 µm, respectively. The texture evolution of the processed samples is studied by X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction techniques. The multiple texture components formed are not observed after the conventional ECAP process. Moreover, different dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms are systemically analyzed and discussed in view of the texture evolution of ECAP processed samples. The final textures obtained after 12 passes are identified as two types: The C-texture type induced by continuous and discontinuous DRX, and the random texture components induced by reorientation of the initial <101¯0> fiber. Based on the grain refinement, precipitate strengthening and texture weakening mechanisms, a high-performance ternary alloy of Mg-Gd-Y was firstly obtained through 12 passes RD-ECAP processing, with a combination of high yield strength of 312 MPa and a high ductility of 22%. In addition, the friction behaviors are also studied. The multi-pass-processed samples exhibit a relatively lower friction coefficient under a load of 10 N at room temperature.

The complementary role of lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion in the TNM staging process of rectal cancer.

The aim of this study is to clarify the association between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and/or perineural invasion (PNI) and the clinical characteristics and prognostic importance of rectal cancer, to provide a basis for early adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with rectal cancer. This study involved rectal cancer tissue samples were obtained by surgical methods. Data on histological form, tumor classification, tumor size, gross growth pattern, blood and lymphatic vessel invasion, and PNI of the slice by HE staining were obtained from pathological examination. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples was performed to determine p53 and EGFR expressions. There were 330 rectal cancer patients included in the study. LVI and/or PNI can be used as a high-risk factor for the prognosis of rectal cancer, predict prognostic survival, and guide adjuvant therapy. The detection rates of LVI and PNI were 32.1% and 16.1%. Differentiation grade, Union for International Cancer Control staging, tumor-lymph node-metastasis staging are significantly related to LVI or PNI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that poor differentiation and N ≥ 1 can be used as independent risk factors and predictive factors for LVI. At the same time, poor differentiation and T > 3 is an independent risk factor for PNI. Only poor differentiation is the risk factor for poor prognosis in Cox risk regression analysis. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of LVI and PNI is an independent prognostic factor.

On the Single-Point Calculation of Stress-Strain Data under Large Deformations with Stress and Mixed Control.

Stress-strain data with a given constitutive model of material can be calculated directly at a single material point. In this work, we propose a framework to perform single-point calculations under large deformations with stress and mixed control, to test and validate sophisticated constitutive models for materials. Inspired by Galerkin-FFT methods, a well-defined mask projector is used for stress and mixed control, and the derived nonlinear equations are solved in Newton iterations with Krylov solvers, simplifying implementation. One application example of the single-point calculator in developing sophisticated models for anisotropic single crystal rate-independent elastoplasticity is given, illustrating that the proposed algorithm can simulate asymmetrical deformation responses under uni-axial loading. Another example for artificial neural network models of the particle reinforced composite is also given, demonstrating that the commonly used machine learning or deep learning modeling frameworks can be directly incorporated into the proposed calculator. The central difference approximation of the tangent is validated so that derivative-free calculations for black-box constitutive models are possible. The proposed Python-coded single-point calculator is shown to be capable of quickly building, testing, and validating constitutive models with sophisticated or implicit structures, thus boosting the development of novel constitutive models for advanced solid materials.

Inhibition and potential treatment of colorectal cancer by natural compounds via various signaling pathways.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignant digestive tract tumor with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, the clinical treatment of CRC predominantly include surgical resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments contain severe limitations such as drug side effects, the risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Some natural compounds found in plants, fungi, marine animals, and bacteria have been shown to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Although the explicit molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these compounds on CRC are not clear, classical signaling transduction pathways such as NF-kB and Wnt/ß-catenin are extensively regulated. In this review, we have summarized the specific mechanisms regulating the inhibition and development of CRC by various types of natural compounds through nine signaling pathways, and explored the potential therapeutic values of these natural compounds in the clinical treatment of CRC.

Clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury still premature: results from a single-arm meta-analysis based on 62 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: How much scientific evidence is there to show that stem cell therapy is sufficient in preclinical and clinical studies of spinal cord injury before it is translated into clinical practice? This is a complicated problem. A single, small-sample clinical trial is difficult to answer, and accurate insights into this question can only be given by systematically evaluating all the existing evidence. METHODS: The PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to February 10, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identified and screened the studies, and performed a quality assessment and data extraction. RESULTS: In total, 62 studies involving 2439 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 42 were single-arm studies, and 20 were controlled studies. The meta-analysis showed that stem cells improved the ASIA impairment scale score by at least one grade in 48.9% [40.8%, 56.9%] of patients with spinal cord injury. Moreover, the rate of improvement in urinary and gastrointestinal system function was 42.1% [27.6%, 57.2%] and 52.0% [23.6%, 79.8%], respectively. However, 28 types of adverse effects were observed to occur due to stem cells and transplantation procedures. Of these, neuropathic pain, abnormal feeling, muscle spasms, vomiting, and urinary tract infection were the most common, with an incidence of > 20%. While no serious adverse effects such as tumorigenesis were reported, this could be due to the insufficient follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results demonstrated that although the efficacy of stem cell therapy is encouraging, the subsequent adverse effects remain concerning. In addition, the clinical trials had problems such as small sample sizes, poor design, and lack of prospective registration, control, and blinding. Therefore, the current evidence is not sufficiently strong to support the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and several problems remain. Additional well-designed animal experiments and high-quality clinical studies are warranted to address these issues.

Subacute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of therapeutic strategies based on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models.

BACKGROUND AIMS: To explore the optimal transplantation strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subacute traumatic spinal cord injury in animal experiments in order to provide reference for future animal studies and clinical research. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched (inception to January 4, 2022). Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 50 articles were included for analysis. Results of both traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis showed that high-dose (≥1 × 106) transplantation was significantly better than low-dose (<1 × 106) transplantation and intralesional transplantation was significantly better than intravenous transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limited quality of evidence from current animal studies, more high-quality head-to-head comparisons are needed in the future to delve into the optimal transplantation strategy for stem cells.

Nerve invasion as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in gastric cancer after curative resection.

The study aims to reveal the clinical significance of perineural invasion (PNI) for gastric cancer prognosis and determine the risk factors of PNI in gastric cancer. This study retrospectively analyzed 350 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent curative surgical resection. Variables used to analyze survival included gender, age, degree of differentiation, T classification, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, nerve invasion, mucinous adenocarcinoma component, and signet ring cell carcinoma component. The tumors of all patients were surgically resected. All resected specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical. The data for the patient's lymphovascular invasion and PNI came from the collected pathological reports. The results of the survival analysis showed that T staging (P < .001), lymph node metastasis (P < .001), lymphovascular invasion (P = .013), PNI (P = .001), and signet ring cell carcinoma components (P = .046) affect the survival time and have a statistically significant difference. Multivariate analysis indicated that the positivity of PNI was an independent prognostic factor (P = .014). T staging (P = .006) and lymph node metastasis (P = .013) were independent prognostic parameters too. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, the following clinicopathological indicators were associated with PNI positivity, such as tumor differentiation, T staging, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and signet ring cell carcinoma components (P < .05). PNI is an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

What Is the Optimal Timing of Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Based on Animal Studies.

Objective: The optimal transplantation timing of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury is fully explored in animal studies to reduce the risk of transformation to clinical practice and to provide valuable reference for future animal studies and clinical research. Method: Seven electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (CSJD-VIP), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Thirty-nine studies were incorporated into the final analyses. Based on the subgroup of animal models and transplantation dose, the results of network meta-analysis showed that the effect of transplantation in the subacute phase might be the best. However, the results of traditional meta-analysis were inconsistent. In the moderate-dose group of moderate spinal cord injury model and the low-dose group of severe spinal cord injury model, transplantation in the subacute phase did not significantly improve motor function. Given the lack of evidence for direct comparison between different transplantation phases, the indirectness of our network meta-analysis, and the low quality of evidence in current animal studies, our confidence in recommending cell transplantation in the subacute phase is limited. In the future, more high-quality, direct comparative studies are needed to explore this issue in depth.

Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Based on 15 Types of Stem Cells in Animal Models.

Objective: The optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) are fully explored in animal studies to promote the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice, also to provide guidance for future animal experiments and clinical studies. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception to September 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and references quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: A total of 188 studies were included for data analysis. Results of traditional meta-analysis showed that all 15 diverse types of stem cells could significantly improve locomotor function of animals with SCI, and results of further network meta-analysis showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the greatest therapeutic potential for SCI. Moreover, a higher dose (≥1 × 106) of stem cell transplantation had better therapeutic effect, transplantation in the subacute phase (3-14 days, excluding 3 days) was the optimal timing, and intralesional transplantation was the optimal route. However, the evidence of current animal studies is of limited quality, and more high-quality research is needed to further explore the optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells, while the design and implementation of experiments, as well as measurement and reporting of results for animal studies, need to be further improved and standardized to reduce the risk when the results of animal studies are translated to the clinic. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].

Sauchinone alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1/NF-kB pathway and gut microbiota.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of sauchinone on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and investigated the underlying mechanisms of the downstream pathway and gut microbiota. Methods: The UC mice model was induced by DSS. The disease phenotypes were determined through pathological symptoms (body weight and disease activity index score), inflammation markers (histological and inflammatory factor detections), and colonic mucosal barrier damage (detection of tight junction proteins). The level of the NF-κB pathway was detected through marker proteins. Database and bioinformatics analyses were used to predict sauchinone-mediated downstream molecules that were previously identified by expression analysis. Mouse feces were collected to detect the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: In DSS-induced UC mice, sauchinone alleviated pathological symptoms, inhibited inflammation, and prevented mucosal barrier damage. Sauchinone further inhibited the NF-κB pathway by upregulating NAD (P) H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) in DSS-induced UC mice. Moreover, sauchinone regulated the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice, stimulating the growth of Firmicutes and inhibiting the growth of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Conclusion: Therefore, sauchinone exerted therapeutic effects on UC in mice by regulating the NQO1/NF-κB pathway and altering the gut microbiota. This provides a theoretical basis for developing sauchinone as a therapeutic agent and extends our understanding of its bioactivity.

Benefits of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program in Short-Segment Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal, evidence-based approach to perioperative care that aims to reduce physiological and psychological stress, improve the quality of rehabilitation, and speed up the recovery of patients. Our study aims to investigate the benefits of perioperative use of ERAS for a short-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS: We selected two 1-year periods: the first from before the establishment of the multidisciplinary ERAS team in January 2017 (pre-ERAS year 2016) and the second period when ERAS was applied widely in our hospital (ERAS year 2019). Data were collected from the electronic medical records of patients who had undergone a short-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion during these 2 periods. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and off-bed time. RESULTS: A total of 207 patients were included; 95 patients in the pre-ERAS group were compared with 112 patients in the ERAS group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in baseline demographic. Patients in the ERAS group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay, off-bed time, and earlier drainage tube and catheter removal time. The rate of postoperative complications differed significantly between the pre-ERAS and ERAS groups. Patients in the ERAS group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss, financial cost, and opioid consumption than patients in the pre-ERAS group. The visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores, similar at baseline, were significantly lower in the ERAS group at postoperative day 3. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of our ERAS protocol for patients undergoing short-level posterior lumbar fusion are evident in terms of reduced hospital stay and time to get out of bed, reduced incidence of postoperative complications, intraoperative blood loss, opioid use and hospital costs, and improved early postoperative pain and dysfunction.

The Role of Biodegradable Magnesium and Its Alloys in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Animal Studies.

Objective: The actual efficacy of magnesium and its alloy in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) was systematically evaluated to reduce the risk of translation from animal experiments to the clinic. Methods: Databases of PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were searched for literature in July 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and discussion: Seven articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the femoral-tendon graft-tibia complex fixed with magnesium and its alloys were comparable to those fixed with titanium and its alloys, and magnesium and its alloys were superior to titanium and its alloys in promoting new bone formation. In addition, the unique biodegradability made magnesium and its alloys an orthopedic implant with significant therapeutic potential. However, whether the degradation rate of magnesium and its alloy can match the rate of bone-tendon integration, and whether the bioconjugation of bone-tendon after degradation can meet the exercise load still needs to be explored in further detail. Simultaneously, it is necessary for future research to improve and standardize experimental design, result measurement, etc., so as to minimize the risk of transforming animal experimental results into clinical practice.

[Analysis of medicinal resources diversity of 33 pilots (districts) in Guizhou province].

This study is based on the data analysis of medicinal plant resources and diversity collected from the fourth Chinese traditional medicine resource survey( pilot). Through the analysis of relevant data from 33 census pioneer plots in Guizhou province( area),a total of 265 families,1 432 genera and 5 296 species of medicinal resources were reported,including algae,fungi,lichens,mosses,a total of 43 genera and 35 families,57,48 families,120 genera and 453 species of ferns,gymnosperms 11 families,22 genera and 61 species,167 families,1 243 genera and 4 721 species of angiosperms,4 genera and 4 families four medicinal animals.Compared with the data related to the third survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,the number of ferns,gymnosperms and angiosperms in the fourth survey has increased far more than that of the third survey. From the regional distribution of medicinal resources,the composition of the genus,the type of life,and the location of the medicine,the richness of the medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province is not only reflected in many types,but also in the variety of medicinal resources. These studies provide a scientific basis for vigorously developing the Chinese herbal medicine industry and the sustainably using medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province.