Phosphodiesterase 4D polymorphisms associate with the short-term outcome in ischemic stroke.

It has been demonstrated that phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) genetic polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke. However, the association between PDE4D gene and prognosis after ischemic stroke remains unknown. We consecutively enrolled ischemic stroke patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from October 2009 to December 2013. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data upon admission were collected. All patients were followed up 3 months after stroke onset. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the associations of genetic polymorphisms with 3-month outcome after ischemic stroke and different subtypes, under various genetic models. A total of 1447 patients were enrolled, and 3-month follow-up data were obtained from 1388 (95.92%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that SNP87 of PDE4D gene was associated with increased risk of unfavorable outcome after total ischemic stroke (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.12-1.93), as well as stroke due to large-artery atherosclerosis (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.04-2.11) and small-artery occlusion (OR = 1.76, 95%CI 1.05-2.96) under a recessive model. No association between SNP83 genotype and poor outcome was found. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TT genotype of SNP87 in PDE4D was associated with increased risk of poor outcome after total ischemic stroke, large-artery atherosclerosis and small-artery occlusion, in a Chinese population.

[The impact of in-hospital pneumonia on the risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term and long-term impacts of in-hospital pneumonia on outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: All consecutive patients older than 18 years with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively recruited to this study, including 132 clinical centers in 32 provinces and 4 municipalities (including Hong Kong region) in China from September 2007 to August 2008. Case report form was designed. Data of pneumonia and survival outcomes at baseline; discharge; 3, 6 and 12 months after admission were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used for statistical correlation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1373 (11.88%) patients from 11 560 acute ischemic stroke patients were notified with in-hospital pneumonia. The case fatality rate was 14.4% (1664 patients) within 12 months after stroke onset. The fatality rate in patients with pneumonia was higher than that of patients without pneumonia.In-hospital pneumonia was an independent risk factor for death at discharge (adjusted OR = 5.916; 95%CI 4.470-7.831), at 3 months (adjusted OR = 3.641; 95%CI 3.035-4.367), 6 months (adjusted OR = 3.445; 95%CI 2.905-4.086), and 12 months (adjusted OR = 3.543; 95%CI 3.016-4.161) after onset. CONCLUSION: In-hospital pneumonia is an adverse factor for the short-term and long-term survival of acute ischemic patients in China.

In-hospital medical complications associated with patient dependency after acute ischemic stroke: data from the China National Stroke Registry.

BACKGROUND: The mortality of stroke patients is strongly affected by medical complications. However, there are limited data investigating the effect of in-hospital medical complications on the dependency of stroke patients worldwide. We prospectively and systematically investigated the effect of medical complications on dependency of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke using the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR). METHODS: This prospective cohort study collected data of patients age > 18 years with acute ischemic stroke in 132 clinical centers distributed across 32 provinces and four municipalities (including Hong Kong region) of China, from September 2007 to August 2008. Data on medical complications, dependency and other information were obtained from paper-based registry forms. Medical complications associated with stroke outcomes were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 11 560 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 1826 (15.80%) presented with in-hospital medical complications. In-hospital medical complications were independent risk factors for dependency of patients at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.367, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.021 - 2.771), 6 months (adjusted OR 2.257, 95%CI 1.922 - 2.650), and 12 months (adjusted OR 1.820, 95%CI 1.538 - 2.154) after acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the short-term and long-term dependency of acute ischemic stroke patients is significantly associated with in-hospital medical complications in China.

Effect of in-hospital medical complications on case fatality post-acute ischemic stroke: data from the China National Stroke Registry.

BACKGROUND: In-hospital medical complications are associated with poorer clinical outcomes for stroke patients after disease onset. However, few studies from China have reported the effect of these complications on the mortality of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In this prospective work, the China National Stroke Registry Study, we investigated the effect of medical complications on the case fatality of patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: From September 2007 to August 2008, we prospectively obtained the data of patients with acute stroke from 132 clinical centers in China. Medical complications, case fatality and other information recorded at baseline, during hospitalisation, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke onset. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed to analyze the effect of medical complications on the case fatality of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: There were 39 741 patients screened, 14 526 patients with acute ischemic stroke recruited, and 11 560 ischemic stroke patients without missing data identified during the 12-month follow-up. Of the 11 560 ischemic patients, 15.8% (1826) had in-hospital medical complications. The most common complication was pneumonia (1373; 11.9% of patients), followed by urinary tract infection and gastrointestinal bleeding. In comparison with patients without complications, stroke patients with complications had a significantly higher risk of death during their hospitalization, and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-stroke. Having any one in-hospital medical complication was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute ischemic stroke during hospital period (adjusted OR = 6.946; 95%CI 5.181 to 9.314), at 3 months (adjusted OR = 3.843; 95%CI 3.221 to 4.584), 6 months (adjusted OR = 3.492; 95%CI 2.970 to 4.106), and 12 months (adjusted OR = 3.511; 95%CI 3.021 to 4.080). Having multiple complications strongly increased the death risk of patients. CONCLUSION: Short-term and long-term outcomes of acute stroke patients are affected by in-hospital medical complications.