Diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy is ameliorated by heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in diabetic rats via the repression of the toll-like receptor 4 pathway.

PURPOSE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to disorders such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 decreases cardiomyopathy by reducing inflammation. In this study, we investigated the potential benefit of GMNL-263 supplementation in treating diabetes-induced cardiomyocytes in rats with DM. METHODS: Five-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, control, DM, and rats with DM treated with different dosages of L. reuteri GMNL-263. After undergoing treatment for 4 weeks, all rats were euthanized for further analysis. RESULTS: We observed that cardiac function and structure of rats with DM was rescued by GMNL-263. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related inflammatory, hypertrophic, and fibrotic signaling pathways in the hearts of rats with DM was reduced by treatment with GMNL-263. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that GMNL-263 inhibited diabetes-induced cardiomyocytes via the repression of the TLR4 pathway. Moreover, these findings suggest that treatment with high-dose GMNL-263 could be a precautionary therapy for reducing the diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.

Poly[[µ(2)-1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)benzene-κN:N']di-µ(2)-chlorido-cadmium].

In the title coordination polymer, [CdCl(2)(C(12)H(12)N(2)O(2))](n), the Cd(II) ion, situated on an inversion center, is coordinated by four bridging Cl atoms and two N atoms from two 1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3--oxazol-2-yl)benzene (L) ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Each L ligand also lies across an inversion center and bridges two Cd(II) ions, forming infinite two-dimensional recta-ngular layers running parallel to (010).

catena-Poly[[bis-(nitrato-κO)copper(II)]-µ-1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-benzene-κN:N'].

In the title coordination polymer, [Cu(NO(3))(2)(C(12)H(12)N(2)O(2))](n), the Cu(II) ion, situated on an inversion center, is coordinated by two O atoms from two nitrate anions and two N atoms from two 1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)benzene (L) ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. Each L ligand also lies across an inversion center and bridges two Cu(II) ions, forming a polymeric chain running along the [101] direction. The three O atoms of the nitrate group are disordered over two positions in a 3:2 ratio.