The rare cause of ST segment elevation in left precordial leads - Diagnostic clues from subtle waveforms.

We report a case of ST segment elevation in left precordial leads with a convex shape caused by a rare etiology. By carefully analyzing the electrocardiogram (leads I, II, V3 to V9) of a patient with convex ST segment elevation in the left-sided chest leads, relevant etiological clues were derived. The findings were further supported by cardiac ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, ruling out other common causes. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) was postulated as the underlying cause, and potential mechanisms were discussed. The diagnosis was further confirmed through a follow-up period of over three years.

Evaluation of a miniature mass spectrometer based point-of-care-test method for direct analysis of amlodipine and benazepril in whole blood.

A miniature mass spectrometer (mMS) based point-of-care testing (POCT) method was evaluated for on-site detecting the hypertension drugs, amlodipine and benazepril. The instrument parameters, including voltage, ISO1, ISO2, and CID, were optimized, under which the target compounds could be well detected in MS2. When these two drugs were injected simultaneously, the mutual ionization inhibition and mutual reduction between amlodipine and benazepril were evaluated. This phenomenon was severe on the precursor ions but had a small impact on the product ions, thus making this POCT method suitable for analysis using product ions. Finally, the method was validated and applied. The blood samples from patients were tested one hour after oral administration of the drugs (20 mg), and the benazepril was quantitatively analyzed using a standard curve, with detected concentrations ranging from 190.6 to 210 µg L-1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8.6 %. In summary, amlodipine has low sensitivity and can only be detected at higher concentrations, while benazepril has high sensitivity, good linearity, and even meets semi-quantitative requirements. The research results of this study are of great clinical significance for monitoring blood drug concentrations during hypertension medication, predicting drug efficacy, and customizing individualized medication plans.

On-site monitoring of nandrolone in cattle farming samples by portable atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with ambient sampling.

Nandrolone (NT) is a type of androgen anabolic steroid that is often illegally used in cattle farming, leading to unpredictable harm to human health via the food chain. In this study, a rapid detection method for NT in the samples of cattle farming was established using a portable mass spectrometer. The instrument parameters were optimized, including a thermal desorption temperature of 220 °C, a pump speed of 30 %, an APCI ionization voltage of 3900 v, and an injection volume of 6 µL. The samples of bovine urine, feed, sewage, and tissue were selected, and extracted using a solution of methanol:acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), followed by spiking a NT standard solution (1000 ng·mL-1) and ionization through the APCI ion source for detection. The results showed that NT could not be detected in beef and feed due to the complexity of the matrix, while clear signals of NT ions were observed in bovine urine and sewage samples, with LODs of 1000 and 100 ng·mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was attempted, and a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9952) was observed for NT in sewage within the range of 100 to 1000 ng·mL-1. At spiked levels of 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ng mL-1, the recovery rates ranged from 74.3 % to 92.8 %, with a relative standard deviation (n = 6) of less than 15 %. In conclusion, this detection method offers the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, strong timeliness, and specificity, making it suitable for on-site detection. It can be used for qualitative screening of nandrolone in bovine urine and quantitative analysis of nandrolone in sewage.

Spontaneous multivessel coronary artery spasm: a case report.

A 60-year-old male presented to the emergency department of our hospital with persistent dull pain in the lower and middle sternum with generalized sweating after a heated argument with another person, and his symptoms did not resolve after 3 hours of onset.

Developing a detection strategy for ten paralytic shellfish poisonings in urine, combining high-throughput DESI-MS screening and accurate UPLC-QqQ/MS quantification.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is the most widespread and harmful form of shellfish poisoning with high mortality rate. In this study, a combined desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ/MS) method was established for the detection of PSPs in urine. The method was optimized using a spray solution of methanol and water (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1 % FA, at a flow rate of 2.5 µL·min-1 and an applied voltage of 3 kV. The limit of detection (LOD) for PSPs detection by DESI-MS was in the range of 87-265 µg·L-1, which basically meets the requirements for the rapid screening of PSPs. The LOD for UPLC-QqQ/MS was in the range of 2.2-14.9 µg·L-1, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 7.3-49.7 µg·L-1, thus fulfilling the quantitative demand for PSPs in urine. Finally, after spiking the urine samples of six volunteers with PSPs to a concentration of 100 µg·L-1, DESI-MS successfully and efficiently detected the positive samples. Subsequently, UPLC-QqQ/MS was employed for precise quantification, yielding results in the range of 84.6-95.1 µg·L-1. The experimental findings demonstrated that the combination of DESI-MS and UPLC-QqQ/MS enables high-throughput, rapid screening of samples and accurate quantification of positive samples, providing assurance for food safety and human health.

A study of the effect of hypothyroidism during pregnancy on human milk quality based on rheological properties.

Hypothyroidism has been found to have an effect on the nutritional composition of human milk during pregnancy. This study aims to explore the combined influence of rheological properties, macronutrient content, particle size, and the zeta potential of milk fat globules, as well as the composition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins on the quality of human milk in gestational hypothyroidism. The study revealed that human milk from the group with hypothyroidism during pregnancy (AHM) was less viscoelastic and stable when compared with normal pregnancy group human milk (NHM). Furthermore, the particle size and macronutrient content of NHM were found to be larger than that of AHM. In contrast, the zeta potential of AHM was greater than that of NHM. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE results disclosed that the composition of MFGM proteins in these 2 groups were generally the same, but the content of AHM was lower than that of NHM. In conclusion, this study confirms that hypothyroidism during pregnancy can have a significant effect on the quality of human milk.

Tunable Resistive Switching Behaviors and Mechanism of the W/ZnO/ITO Memory Cell.

A facile sol-gel spin coating method has been proposed for the synthesis of spin-coated ZnO nanofilms on ITO substrates. The as-prepared ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell showed forming-free and tunable nonvolatile multilevel resistive switching behaviors with a high resistance ratio of about two orders of magnitude, which can be maintained for over 103 s and without evident deterioration. The tunable nonvolatile multilevel resistive switching phenomena were achieved by modulating the different set voltages of the W/ZnO/ITO memory cell. In addition, the tunable nonvolatile resistive switching behaviors of the ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell can be interpreted by the partial formation and rupture of conductive nanofilaments modified by the oxygen vacancies. This work demonstrates that the ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell may be a potential candidate for future high-density, nonvolatile, memory applications.

Comprehensive Screening for EPA/DHA-Structured Phospholipids in Aquatic Products by a Specific Precursor Ion Scanning-Based HILIC-MS/MS Method.

Comprehensive screening for functional substances from natural resources is always a hot research topic. Eicosapentaenoic acid- (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-structured phospholipids (PLEPA/DHA) have versatile cardiovascular benefits as well as superior bioavailability. Herein, the abundance of PLEPA/DHA in 16 aquatic products was specifically and selectively screened using a recently developed precursor ion scan-driven hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (PreIS-HILIC/MS) method with the fatty acyl moieties of EPA (m/z 301.6) and DHA (m/z 327.6) locked. The aim focused on the characteristics and differences in the varieties and contents of EPA/DHA-structured phosphatidylcholine (PCEPA/DHA) and EPA/DHA-structured phosphatidylethanolamine (PEEPA/DHA) molecular species. A total of 80 PLEPA/DHA molecules were identified in these natural sources, including 47 PCEPA/DHA and 33 PEEPA/DHA. After analysis, PC 16:0/20:5 and PC 16:0/22:6 are present in all aquatic products and at high levels. Antarctic krill was found to be the best resource of PLEPA/DHA in total (2574.69 µg·g-1), followed by mackerel (2330.11 µg·g-1), salmon (2109.91 µg·g-1), and Farrer's scallop (1883.59 µg·g-1), while abalone contained the lowest level of PLEPA/DHA (310.44 µg·g-1). Besides, sea cucumber and sea bass contained the highest contents of EPA-structured and DHA-structured ether phospholipids, respectively, which could be highly recommended as dietary sources of special functional phospholipids. Finally, the multiple discrepancies between the 16 aquatic products were revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. These findings improve the awareness of the composition and content of PLEPA/DHA contained in aquatic products, providing a reference for their integrated development.

A Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Resistive Switching Behavior of α-Fe2O3 Nanowire Arrays.

A facile hydrothermal process has been developed to synthesize the α-Fe2O3 nanowire arrays with a preferential growth orientation along the [110] direction. The W/α-Fe2O3/FTO memory device with the nonvolatile resistive switching behavior has been achieved. The resistance ratio (RHRS/RLRS) of the W/α-Fe2O3/FTO memory device exceeds two orders of magnitude, which can be preserved for more than 103s without obvious decline. Furthermore, the carrier transport properties of the W/α-Fe2O3/FTO memory device are dominated by the Ohmic conduction mechanism in the low resistance state and trap-controlled space-charge-limited current conduction mechanism in the high resistance state, respectively. The partial formation and rupture of conducting nanofilaments modified by the intrinsic oxygen vacancies have been suggested to be responsible for the nonvolatile resistive switching behavior of the W/α-Fe2O3/FTO memory device. This work suggests that the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanowire-based W/α-Fe2O3/FTO memory device may be a potential candidate for applications in the next-generation nonvolatile memory devices.

High throughput disassembly of cellulose nanoribbons and colloidal stabilization of gel-like Pickering emulsions.

We introduce a strategy to disintegrate cellulose microfibrils present in the cell walls of plant fibers. The process includes impregnation and mild oxidation followed by ultrasonication, which loosens the hydrophilic planes of crystalline cellulose while preserving the hydrophobic ones. The resultant molecularly-sized cellulose structures (cellulose ribbons, CR) retain a length of the order of a micron (1.47 ± 0.48 µm, AFM). A very high axial aspect ratio is determined (at least 190), considering the CR height (0.62 ± 0.38 nm, AFM), corresponding to 1-2 cellulose chains, and width (7.64 ± 1.82 nm, TEM). The new molecularly-thin cellulose proposes excellent hydrophilicity and flexibility, enabling a remarkable viscosifying effect when dispersed in aqueous media (shear-thinning, zero shear viscosity of 6.3 × 105 mPa·s). As such, CR suspensions readily develop into gel-like Pickering emulsions in the absence of crosslinking, suitable for direct ink writing at ultra-low solids content.

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the ameliorating effect of mussel-derived plasmalogens on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in zebrafish.

Plasmalogens (Pls), a special group of phospholipids, are effective in ameliorating neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, the metabolic effects of seafood-derived Pls on high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia in zebrafish were evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms of dietary Pls against hyperlipidemia were explored through integrated analyses of hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics. The results demonstrated that Pls supplementation could effectively alleviate HFD-induced obesity symptoms, such as body weight gain, and decrease total hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Integrated hepatic transcriptome and metabolome data suggested that Pls mainly altered lipid metabolism pathways (FA metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism) and the TCA cycle, induced the overexpression of anti-oxidation enzymes (Cat, Gpx4, Sod3a and Xdh), reduced disease biomarkers (such as glutarylcarnitine, gamma-glutamyltyrosine, and 11-prostaglandin f2) and gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and increased (±)12(13)-diHOME, EPA, lysoPC and PC levels. Moreover, 5 abnormally regulated metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia according to the metabolomics results and suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Pls. Collectively, these findings suggest that the protective role of Pls is mainly associated with the promotion of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux, lipid and phospholipid PUFA remodeling, and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory capabilities. This study provides valuable information for reasonably explaining the beneficial effects of seafood-derived Pls in alleviating hyperlipidemia and thus may contribute to the development and application of Pls as functional foods or dietary supplements to protect against obesity and hyperlipidemia.

[Nutrient uptake strategy selection by first-order roots of Juglans mandshurica under shading and phosphorus limitation]. / 遮阴和磷限制下胡桃楸1çº§æ ¹å »åˆ†å¸æ”¶ç­–ç•¥é€‰æ‹©.

We investigated root growth of 1-year-old Juglans mandshurica seedlings under different light environments and varying doses of phosphorus fertilizer, to understand the relationship between root resource acquisition strategies and the variations of light and phosphorus availability. There were four shading intensities (full light, 65% full light, 35% full light, and 20% full light) along with three doses of phosphate fertilizer (0 (CK), 200% soil background available phosphorus, and 500% soil background available phosphorus). We measured in root morphology characteristics, architectural characteristics, and mycorrhizal colonization rates of first-order roots. The results showed that average diameter, average root length, and mycorrhizal colonization rates of first-order roots gradually decreased, and the specific root length, specific surface area, branching ratio and branching intensity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increases of shading degree. As the phosphorus content decreased, the first-order root diameter gradually became thinner, and the mycorrhizal infection rate gradually increased. Root morphology and architecture of J. mandshurica would undergo adaptive changes under shade, adapting to the shading environment by expanding specific root length, specific surface area, branching ratio and branching intensity. Under phosphorus limitation, root system of J. mandshurica would increase phosphorus absorption through symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. When J. mandshurica was artificially regenerate in forest land with a light transmittance of 35%, root morphology and architecture would adapt to the shading environment. The symbiosis between J. mandshurica and mycorrhizal fungi would be enhanced under phosphorus limitation, which could improve phosphorus absorption of roots.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the MADS-box gene family during female and male flower development in Juglans mandshurica.

The MADS-box gene family plays a crucial role in multiple developmental processes of plants, especially in floral organ specification and the regulation of fruit development and ripening. Juglans mandshurica is a precious fruit material whose quality and yield are determined by floral organ development. The molecular mechanism of J. mandshurica female and male flower development depending on MADS-box genes remains unclear. In our study, 67 JmMADS genes were identified and unevenly distributed on 15 of 16 J. mandshurica chromosomes. These genes were divided into two types [type I (Mα, Mγ, Mδ) and type II (MIKC)]. The gene structure and motif analyses showed that most genes belonging to the same type had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The analysis of syntenic relationships showed that MADS-box genes in J. mandshurica, J. sigillata, and J. regia exhibited the highest homology and great collinearity. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that JmMADS gene promoter regions contained light, stress and hormone response cis-acting elements. The gene expression patterns demonstrated that 30 and 26 JmMADS genes were specifically expressed in the female and male flowers, respectively. In addition, 12 selected genes common to J. mandshurica female and male flowers were significantly upregulated at the mature stage and were used to validate the reliability of the transcriptome data using quantitative real-time PCR. This comprehensive and systematic analysis of J. mandshurica MADS-box genes lays a foundation for future studies on MADS-box gene family functions.

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal different metabolite biosynthesis profiles of Juglans mandshurica in shade.

Light is not only a very important source of energy for the normal growth and development of plants, but also a regulator of many development and metabolic processes. The mechanism of plant growth and development under low light conditions is an important scientific question. With the promulgation of the law to stop natural forest cutting, understory regeneration is an important method for artificial forest afforestation. Here, the growth and physiological indexes of Juglans mandshurica, an important hardwood species in Northeast China, were measured under different shade treatments. In addition, transcriptome and metabolome were compared to analyze the molecular mechanism of shade tolerance in J. mandshurica. The results showed that the seedling height of the shade treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the 50% light (L50) treatment was the highest. Compared with the control group, the contents of gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinolide, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b in all shade treatments were significantly higher. However, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency decreased with increasing shade. Furthermore, the transcriptome identified thousands of differentially expressed genes in three samples. Using enrichment analysis, we found that most of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and chlorophyll synthesis pathways, and the expression levels of many genes encoding transcription factors were also changed. In addition, analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites showed that a total of 470 differential metabolites were identified, and flavonoids were the major differential metabolites of J. mandshurica under light stress. These results improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism and metabolite accumulation under light stress in J. mandshurica.

Mixed conifer-broadleaf trees on arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal communities in rhizosphere soil of different plantation stands in the temperate zone, Northeast China.

In comparison with ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees have different litter quality and nitrogen cycle modes, which may affect mycorrhizal colonization and the community composition and diversity. However, available studies addressing the mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate, diversity and community composition in mixed forest stands composed of AM and EM trees are rare. In the present study, we assessed litter quality, soil physicochemical properties and correlated them with mycorrhizal community characteristics in rhizosphere soils of monoculture and mixture plantation stands of AM tree species (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.) and EM tree species (Larix gmelinii Rupr., Picea koraiensis Nakai) in Northeast China. We hypothesized that (1) the effect of mixture pattern on mycorrhizal colonization rate and diversity would change with tree species, (2) the effect of mixture pattern on mycorrhizal community composition would be less pronounced in comparison with that of tree species. We found that mixture did not change AMF colonization rate regardless of mixture identity, whereas mixture and tree species exerted significant effects on EMF colonization rate. For AMF community, both M-AS (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Picea koraiensis Nakai) and M-AL (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Larix gmelinii Rupr.) mixtures significantly increased Pielou index and Simpson index, whereas only M-AS significantly increased Sobs. For EMF community, mixture significantly affected examined diversity indices except for Chao1. Mixture significantly shifted AMF and EMF community, and the magnitude was tree species dependent. The dominant genera in AMF and EMF communities in plantation stands were Glomus and Tomentella, respectively. The EnvFit analysis showed that the determinant factors of EMF community are soil moisture, pH, nitrate nitrogen content, dissolved organic nitrogen content, soil organic matter content, soil organic carbon/total nitrogen and litter carbon/total nitrogen. In conclusion, mixed conifer-broadleaf trees significantly changed soil physicochemical properties, litter quality as well as mycorrhizal fungi community diversity and composition.

Rapid quantification of bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge derived decoction pieces, dripping pill, injection, and tablets by polarity-switching UPLC-MS/MS.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) has unambiguous biological functions in cardiovascular diseases, thus has been processed into different medicine forms. However, universal analytical method for fast quantification of bioactive compounds in SMB and SMB derived products is still missing. In this study, a polarity switching strategy was developed and optimized, which enabled the detection of the target compound in both positive and negative ion modes in a single run. The MS2 features of each compound were characterized to select the most prominent transitions for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Afterwards, the performance of this method was validated in terms of linearity (≥0.9916), limit of detection (LOD, 0.003-0.135 ngml-1), limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.010-0.450 ngml-1), precision (48.23 ± 2.58 ngml-1 to 53.72 ± 3.11 ngml-1), recovery (RSD 2.04%-5.79%), and stability (RSD ≤7.52%). Finally, the bioactive compounds in SMB and SMB derived products were determined, among which salvianate A, salvianolic acid A, and rosmarinic acid were the main components in all samples. In conclusion, the polarity switching UPLC-MS/MS method is efficient in accurate determining the bioactive compounds, which greatly shorten the time for analysis when compared with conventional methods. It has great potential quality control of SMB and SMB derived products.

The Food Additive ß-Caryophyllene Exerts Its Neuroprotective Effects Through the JAK2-STAT3-BACE1 Pathway.

Despite extensive research on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging, and no effective therapies are currently available. Amyloid ß (Aß) extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the histological characteristics of AD that have been directly linked to neuropathological events such as synaptic and neuronal cell loss. In this study, we explored whether the "JAK2-STAT3-BACE1" pathway is involved in neuroprotection conferred by the food flavouring agent ß-caryophyllene (BCP). PC-12 cells with overexpressed amyloid-ß protein precursor (APP) were utilised to construct an AD model in vitro, which was then split into four groups, namely control, empty vector, APP overexpression, and BCP (5, 10, and 20 µM). CCK-8 was used to evaluate cell viability, immunofluorescence was utilised to examine synaptic morphology, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to examine gene and protein expression levels. The relative expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, and BACE1 mRNA in the transfected PC-12 cells were found to be significantly upregulated. The cell morphology altered dramatically 72 h after transfection, becoming rounder, with a decrease in cell number. BCP exhibited the potential to dramatically increase PC-12 cell viability while protecting cell morphology. BCP inhibited APP, JAK2, STAT3, BACE1 mRNA and BACE1 protein overexpression, as well as JAK2 and STAT3 hyperphosphorylation. Molecular docking simulated the docking of BCP with JAK2, STAT3, BACE1, CB2. And JAK2 was found to be the most stable protein. In conclusion, inhibition of the "JAK2-STAT3-BACE1" signalling pathway may be one of the mechanisms through which BCP protects neurons and antagonises Aß's neurotoxicity.

Screening of Phospholipids in Plasma of Large-Artery Atherosclerotic and Cardioembolic Stroke Patients With Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a deadly and debilitating disease with a high incidence and recurrence rate in elderly people worldwide. Large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) and cardioembolic (CE) stroke are two leading subtypes and require different management. As a complementary biochemistry method for current diagnostic techniques, a sensitive and accurate phospholipid (PL) targeted lipidomic method was developed in this study. Plasma PLs were selectively extracted with titanium dioxide/fibrous silica nanosphere material, then characterized and quantified with hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 31 molecular species of PLs were determined and ten biomarkers including seven molecular species of sphingomyelins (SM d18:1/18:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/16:1, d18:1/22:1, d18:1/24:2, and d18:1/16:0) and three molecular species of phosphatidylcholines (16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/22:6) showed significant differences in LAA, CE, and healthy control (HC) groups. The independent diagnostic capabilities of these PL biomarkers were successfully evaluated and validated with receiver operating characteristic curves. Additionally, the oleic acid-enriched SMs, which can result in atherogenic lipoprotein aggregation, were proved to be positively related to IS and may perform as the potential risk factors in the future. Meanwhile, valuable suggestions for dietary interventions as an essential source of endogenous PLs could be obtained from this study.

Preparation of Gum Arabic-Maltose-Pea Protein Isolate Complexes for 1-Octacosanol Microcapsule: Improved Storage Stability, Sustained Release in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Its Effect on the Lipid Metabolism of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

1-Octacosanol (Octa) is a natural compound with several beneficial properties. However, its poor water solubility and metabolism in the digestive tract reduce its efficacy. The Octa-GA-Malt-PPI microcapsule was prepared as follows: gum Arabic (GA):maltose (Malt):pea protein isolate (PPI) = 2:1:2; core:shell = 1:7.5; emulsification temperature 70 °C; pH 9.0. An in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract was used to analyze the digestion behavior. C57BL/6 mice were selected to establish an obesity model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effect of Octa monomer and the microcapsule. The diffusivity in water and storage stability of Octa improved after encapsulation. The microcapsule was ascribed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. The sustained release of Octa from the microcapsule was observed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Compared with Octa monomer, the microcapsule was more effective in alleviating the symptoms of weight gain, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia induced by HFD in mice. In conclusion, the construction of microcapsule structure can improve the dispersibility and stability of Octa in water, achieve sustained release of Octa in the gastrointestinal tract, and improve its efficiency in alleviating the effects of HFD on the body.

Protect Effects of Seafood-Derived Plasmalogens Against Amyloid-Beta (1-42) Induced Toxicity via Modulating the Transcripts Related to Endocytosis, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Neurotransmitter Release and Synaptic Transmission in SH-SY5Y Cells.

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of decreased plasmalogens (Pls) levels in neurodegenerative diseases, here the effects of seafood-derived Pls on undifferentiated and differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to amyloid-ß1-42 was analyzed. Transcriptional profiles indicated that a total of 6,581 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly identified among different experimental groups, and KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were related to AD, endocytosis, synaptic vesicle cycle, autophagy and cellular apoptosis. After Pls treatment, the striking expression changes of ADORA2A, ATP6V1C2, CELF6, and SLC18A2 mRNA strongly suggest that Pls exerts a beneficial role in alleviating AD pathology partly by modulating the neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission at the transcriptional level. Besides these, GPCRs are also broadly involved in Pls-signaling in neuronal cells. These results provide evidence for supporting the potential use of Pls as an effective therapeutic approach for AD.