Effects of virtual exposure to urban greenways on mental health.

Urban greenways (UGW) are increasingly recognized as vital components of urban green infrastructure (UGI). While existing research has provided empirical evidence on the positive impacts of UGW on physical health, studies focusing on the effects on mental health remain limited. Moreover, previous investigations predominantly compare UGW as a whole with other built environments, neglecting the influence of specific vegetation designs along UGW on mental health. To address this research gap, we conducted a randomized controlled experiment to examine the impact of vegetation design along UGW on stress reduction and attention restoration. A total of 94 participants were randomly assigned to one of four UGW conditions: grassland, shrubs, grassland and trees, or shrubs and trees. Utilizing immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, participants experienced UGW through a 5-min video presentation. We measured participants' subjective and objective stress levels and attentional functioning at three time-points: baseline, pre-video watching, and post-video watching. The experimental procedure lasted approximately 40 minutes. Results of the repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that participants experienced increased stress and mental fatigue after the stressor and decreased levels following the UGW intervention. Furthermore, between-group analyses demonstrated that the shrubs group and the grassland and trees group exhibited significantly greater stress reduction than the grassland group. However, there are no significant differences in attention restoration effects between the four groups. In conclusion, virtual exposure to UGW featuring vegetation on both sides positively affected stress reduction and attention restoration. It is recommended that future UGW construction incorporates diverse vegetation designs, including shrubs or trees, instead of solely relying on grassland. More research is needed to explore the combined effects of shrubs and trees on mental health outcomes.

Ibrutinib and rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone in patients with previously untreated non-germinal centre B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A Chinese subgroup analysis of the phase III PHOENIX trial.

In this post hoc subgroup analysis of 200 patients enrolled in China from the phase III PHOENIX trial (N = 838, NCT01855750), addition of ibrutinib to rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) did not improve event-free survival (EFS) versus placebo+R-CHOP in the intent-to-treat (ITT; n = 200, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0·509-1.349; p = 0.4495) or activated B-cell-like (ABC; n = 141 [based on available gene-expression profiling data], HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.467-1.570; p = 0.6160) subpopulations. However, ibrutinib+R-CHOP improved EFS (HR = 0·50, 95% CI: 0.251-1.003) and progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.228-1.009) versus placebo+R-CHOP in patients aged <60 but not ≥60 years. Grade ≥3 serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred more with ibrutinib+R-CHOP (45·6% vs. 31·3%). The percentage of patients receiving ≥6 cycles of R-CHOP was similar across treatment arms in those <60 years. A numerical trend was seen towards improved EFS and PFS with ibrutinib+R-CHOP versus placebo+R-CHOP in patients with MYC-high/BCL2-high co-expression. In this slightly younger Chinese subgroup, ibrutinib+R-CHOP did not improve EFS in the ITT and ABC subpopulations but improved outcomes with manageable safety in patients <60 years, consistent with overall PHOENIX study outcomes.

Correlation of Macroscopic Fracture Behavior with Microscopic Fracture Mechanism for AHSS Sheet.

This research aims to correlate the macroscopic fracture phenomenon with its microscopic fracture mechanism for an advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) TRIP 780 sheet by applying a combined experimental-numerical approach. Six specimens with different shapes were tensioned to fracture and the main deformation areas of specimens were subjected to stress states ranging from lower to higher stress triaxiality. The final fracture surface feature for each specimen was obtained to characterize the macroscopic fracture modes at different stress states. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographies of fracture surfaces were detected to reveal the microscopic fracture mechanisms. The stress triaxiality evolution was applied to correlate of fracture mode and fracture mechanism by comparing the macroscopic fracture features as well as micro-defect changes. An increase of stress triaxiality leads to voids extension and then results in a voids-dominant fracture. The micro-shear-slip tends to appear in the stress triaxiality level lower than that of pure shear stress state. The fracture behavior of a practice deformation process was the result of interplay between shear-slip fracture and void-dominant fracture. The unified relationship between average void sizes and stress triaxiality was obtained. The void growth was predicted by the Rice⁻Tracey model with higher precision.

Analysis of elasticity characteristics of ascending aorta, descending aorta and pulmonary artery using 640 slice-volume CT.

As the prevalence of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), it is meaningful that CCTA can provide not only the structural details of artery, but also functional information of vessel elasticity. Our aim was to explore the elasticity characteristics of ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), main pulmonary artery (MPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), and their relationship between each other using 640 slice-volume computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, this study will also observe their relations with age.A total of 42 subjects that were free of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia underwent CCTA on 640 slice-volume CT and were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, age <46; Group 2, age ≥46. The aortic distensibility (AD) and aortic compliance (AC) of aorta and pulmonary artery (PA) of each group were compared.The AD and AC of PA decreased in the following order: MPA, RPA, and LPA. The correlation coefficients of different elastic parameters between different vessels were found to be different. The correlation coefficient of AD between AA and DA, AA and MPA, DA and MPA, RPA and MPA, LPA and MPA, and RPA and LPA were 0.689 (P = .000), 0.520 (P = .000), 0.393 (P = .010), 0.329 (P = .033), 0.579 (P = .000), and 0.534 (P = .000), respectively. The correlation coefficients of AC for the 6 groups mentioned above were 0.351 (P = .023), 0.470 (P = .002), 0.249 (P = .112), 0.190 (P = .228), 0.441 (P = .005), and 0.409 (P = .010), respectively. There was an age-dependent decrease of AD and AC in AA, DA, MPA, LPA (P < .05), but no difference in RPA (P > .05).The elasticity characteristics of AA, DA, MPA, LPA, and RPA could be well shown by 640 slice-volume CT. The elasticity relativity was observed and was different between AA and DA, AA and MPA, LPA and MPA, LPA and RPA. An obvious age-related decrease in vascular elasticity was found in AA, DA, MPA, and LPA, which should be taken into consideration in clinical trials and treatments for the elasticity-related cardiovascular diseases.

A new intensive conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.

To explore the efficacy, and safety of the intensive conditioning regimen consisting of cladribine, cytarabine (Ara-C), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plus modified busulfan (Bu) combined with cytoxan (Cy) (BuCy), prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with refractory, or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML).Thirty-Six R/R AML patients scheduled to receive allo-HSCT were consecutively, enrolled in this prospective study, and treated using intensive conditioning regimen consisting of CLAG plus modified BuCy. Median follow-up duration was 11.25 (range 0.5 - 21.0) months and the last follow up date was August 15, 2017.All patients (100%) achieved white blood cell (WBC) recovery within a median time of 16.00 (13.25 - 18.00) days, and 34 of them (94%) attained platelet (PLT) recovery within a median time of 13.50 (9.25 - 19.75) days. Incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 50.00%, with median time of 71.50 (41.00 - 401.25) days. Three patients developed Grade I; nine, Grade II; 5, Grade III; and 1, Grade IV aGVHD. The incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 44.40%, with median time of 255.00 (120.00 - 390.00) days. Four patients developed limited cGVHD, and 12, extensive cGVHD. One-year accumulating leukemia free survival (LFS), and overall survival (OS) rates between 52.9 ±â€Š8.8% to 69.4 ±â€Š7.7%, respectively. Eighteen (50%) patients were infected with cytomegalovirus; 2 (5.6%), with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 7 (19.4%), with hemorrhagic cystitis; 13 (36.1%), with bacteria; and 8 (22.2%), with fungus.Intensive conditioning regimen of CLAG plus modified BuCy for allo-HSCT may be effective and well-tolerated in R/R AML patients.

Salvaged allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric chemotherapy refractory acute leukemia.

There is an ongoing debate concerning the performance of salvaged allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in pediatric patients with acute refractory leukemia, in whom the prognosis is quite dismal. Few studies have ever been conducted on this subject. This may be partly due to missed opportunities by majority of the patients in such situations. To investigate the feasibility, evaluate the efficiency, and identify the prognostic factors of allo-HSCT in this sub-setting, the authors performed a single institution-based retrospective analysis. A total of 44 patients, of whom 28 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 13 had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and 3 had mixed phenotype leukemia (MPL), were enrolled in this study. With a median follow-up of 19 months, the estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 34.3% (95% CI, 17.9-51.4%) and 33.6% (95% CI, 18.0-50.1%), respectively. The estimated 2-year incidence rates of relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 43.8% (95% CI 26.4-60.0%) and 19.6% (95% CI 9.1-32.9%), respectively. The estimated 100-day cumulative incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) was 43.6% (95% CI 28.7-57.5%), and the 1-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD (cGvHD) was 45.5% (95% CI 30.5-59.3%). Compared with the previous studies, the multivariate analysis in this study additionally identified that female donors and cGvHD were associated with lower relapse and better PFS and OS. Male recipients, age younger than 10 years, a diagnosis of ALL, and the intermediate-adverse cytogenetic risk group were associated with increased relapse. On the contrary, extramedullary disease (EMD) and aGvHD were only linked to worse PFS. These data suggested that although only one-third of the patients would obtain PFS over 2 years, salvaged allo-HSCT is still the most reliable and best therapeutic strategy for refractory pediatric acute leukemia. If probable, choosing a female donor, better management of aGvHD, and induction of cGvHD promotes patient survival.

[Research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma].

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma originated outside the lymph nodes is low grade malignant B cell lymphoma. It is the most frequent type of marginal zone non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, that usually occurs in the stomach, salivary gland, thyroid gland and orbital adnexa. Gastric MALT lymphoma accounts for 50% of MALT lymphoma. Gastric MALT lymphoma has been confirmed to relate with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, its main pathogenesis is immune reaction, but some patients with chromosome translocation have no response to HP eradication, suggesting presence of other unknown pathogenesis. The chromosome translocations in MALT lymphoma are t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). Recent studies show some new chromosomal abnormalities such as 6q23.3/A20 and so on, which have some effects on clinical course and prognosis. MALT lymphoma with chromosome abnormalities usually activate common NF-κB molecular pathway, and persistent active NF-κB pathway drives tumor cell proliferative and active, resulting in lymphoma incidence. In this article, the advances in the etiology and pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma were reviewed.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the laced fritillary Argyreus hyperbius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

We investigated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Argyreus hyperbius. The 15156 bp long genome harbored the gene content (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and an A+T-rich region) and the gene arrangement was identical to all known lepidopteran mitogenomes. Mitogenome sequence nucleotide organization and codon usage analyses showed that the genome had a strong A+T bias, accounting for A+T content of 80.8%, with a small negative AT skew (-0.019). Eleven intergenic spacers totaling 96 bp, and 14 overlapping regions totaling 34 bp were scattered throughout the whole genome. As has been observed in other lepidopteran species, 12 of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) were initiated by ATN codons, while the COI gene was tentatively designated by the CGA codon. A total of 11 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA, while the COI and COII genes ended at a single T residue. All of the 22 tRNA genes showed typical clover structures except that the tRNA(Ser(AGN)) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem which is replaced by a simple loop. The intergenic spacer sequence between the tRNA(Ser(AGN)) and ND1 also contained the ATACTAA motif, which is conserved in all other lepidopterans as well. Additionally, the 349 bp A+T-rich region was not comprised of large tandem repetitive sequences, but harbored a few structures common to other lepidopteran insects, such as the motif ATAGA followed by a 20 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)(9) element preceded by the ATTTA motif, and a 5 bp poly-A site present immediately upstream of tRNA(Met). The mitochondrial genomic sequence features found in this study not only contribute to genetic diversity information of the group, but also are useful in future studies of the endangered nymphalid butterfly in population genetic dynamics, species conservation, phylogeography and evolution.