Progress of research on aroma absorption mechanism and aroma fixation pathway of jasmine green tea.

This overview summarizes the latest research progress on the aroma absorption mechanism and aroma fixation pathway of jasmine green tea, and discusses in depth the aroma absorption mechanism of green tea, the aroma release mechanism of jasmine flowers, as well as the absorption and fixation mechanism of the aroma components of jasmine green tea in the process of scenting, to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality of jasmine green tea and the innovation of processing technology. It was found that the aroma absorption mechanism of jasmine green tea is mainly associated with both physical and chemical adsorption, aroma release in jasmine involves the phenylpropanoid/benzoin biosynthetic pathway, ß-glycosidase enzymes interpreting putative glycosidic groups, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) as molecular chaperones to prevent stress damage in postharvest flowers due to high temperatures and to promote the release of aroma components, and so forth. The preparation of aroma-protein nano-complexes, heat stress microcapsules, and the spraying of polymeric substances - ß-cyclodextrin are three examples of aroma-fixing pathways. This overview also summarizes the problems and future development trends of the current research and proposes the method of loading benzyl acetate, the main aroma component of jasmine, through konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based gel to solve the problem of volatile aroma and difficult-to-fix aroma, which provides a reference for the sustainable development of the jasmine green tea industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of Duhaldea cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Pruski & Anderb. (Asteraceae).

Duhaldea cappa, a valuable medicinal plant of genus Duhaldea in the tribe Inuleae, is predominantly found in China, Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. However, the genomic studies of Duhaldea cappa are limited. In this study, we successfully sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of Duhaldea cappa. The chloroplast genome is 150,819 bp in length with a 37.73% GC content. The chloroplast genome has a quadripartite structure, consisting of a large single-copy region of 82,731 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,168 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat sequences of 24,960 bp. The genome contains 133 genes. Among these genes, there are 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogeny reconstructed from data of the complete chloroplast genome indicated that Duhaldea cappa is closely related to Pluchea indica in the tribe Inuleae. Analyzing and reporting the chloroplast genome of Duhaldea cappa will establish a solid theoretical and data foundation for the efficient development, conservation, and utilization of this plant species.

[Effectiveness of rigid interlocking nails through tip of greater trochanter for fixation of femur shaft fracture in adolescent].

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of rigid interlocking nails through the tip of the greater trochanter for fixation of femur shaft fracture in adolescent. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 23 adolescents with femoral shaft fractures treated between June 2011 and June 2015. Of 23 cases, 19 were male and 4 were female, aged from 13 years and 6 months to 17 years (mean, 15.2 years), weighed from 40 to 77 kg (mean, 53.5 kg). The causes were traffic accident injury in 13 cases, sports injury in 7 cases, and falling injury in 3 cases. Fracture located at the proximal 1/3 in 6 cases, middle 1/3 in 10 cases, and distal 1/3 in 7 cases; fracture was typed as transverse in 10 cases, oblique in 6 cases, spiral in 1 case, and comminuted in 6 cases. The course of disease was 3-17 days (mean, 6.2 days). At last follow-up, the leg length discrepancy, femoral neck shaft angle, femoral neck diameter, and articulotrochanteric distance (ATD) were measured on the X-ray films. Results: Wounds healed in all patients, and no infection occurred. All patients were followed up 15-36 months (mean, 26.5 months). The patients had no pain and had normal gait, without lameness. The X-ray films showed bone healing at 5-13 months (mean, 6.5 months). No nonunion, delayed union, malunion of more than 5 °, or rotational deformity occurred. The removal time of internal fixations was 12-24 months (mean, 19.5 months) after operation. No heterotopic ossification, re-fracture, proximal femoral deformity, or femoral head necrosis occurred during follow-up. Two patients had early epiphyseal closure of greater trochanter, which had no impact on gait; leg-length inequality of less than 1 cm was observed in 2 cases. At last follow-up, the neck shaft angle, femoral neck diameter, and ATD of normal and affected sides were (131.7±6.3) and (132.9±7.8)°, (34.1±3.2) and (33.9±3.8) mm, and (27.8±9.2) and (26.5±8.5) mm, showing no significant difference between two sides ( t=-0.24, P=0.86; t=0.18, P=0.92; t=1.03, P=0.49). Conclusion: It is a reliable and effective method to use rigid interlocking nails inserted through the tip of the greater trochanter for the fixation of femur shaft fracture in adolescent.

[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF Seymour FRACTURES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the treatment method and effectiveness of Seymour fracture in children and adolescents. METHODS: Between January 2013 and November 2015, 26 children and adolescents with Seymour fractures were treated. There were 18 males and 8 females, aged from 1 year and 1 month to 17 years (median, 8.2 years). The injury causes included crush in 14 cases, bruise in 10 cases, and puncture in 2 cases. The thumb was involved in 2 cases, index finger in 1 case, middle finger in 12 cases, ring finger in 6 cases, and little finger in 5 cases. The time from injury to operation was 1-15 hours (mean, 3.2 hours). The patients underwent debridement, nail removal, nail matrix repair, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires, and splinting in emergency. Kirschner wires and splints were removed at 4 weeks after surgery, and functional exercises were done. RESULTS: All wounds healed by first intention without infection. The follow-up duration was 2-24 months (mean, 12.3 months). The fracture healing was obtained at 1-2 months (mean, 1.4 months) on X-ray film, and no complications of nonunion, malunion, re-displacement, premature epiphyseal closure, or no growth of the nails occurred. Nail deformity developed in 1 case and no re-operation was given. At last follow-up, 1 patient had 10° extension limitation of the distal interphalangeal joint, but the flexion was normal. The motion range of distal interphalangeal joint was 0-75°, showing no significant difference when compared with that of contralateral side (0-78°). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness for treating Seymour fracture is satisfactory by debridement, nail removal, nail matrix repair, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires, and splinting in emergency.

[Classification and treatment of Monteggia equivalent fractures in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification and treatment of Monteggia equivalent fractures in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 35 cases of Monteggia equivalent fractures between January 2008 and January 2012. There were 17 boys and 18 girls with an average age of 7 years and 5 months (range, 1 year and 2 months to 14 years and 11 months). The causes of injury were tumbling injury in 25 cases, falling injury in 3 cases, and sport injury in 7 cases. The disease duration from injuries to admission ranged from 1 hour to 16 days (median, 28 hours). According to the criteria of self-made classification, there were 22 cases of type I (ulnar fracture with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury), 2 cases of type II (posterior elbow dislocation with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury), 10 cases of type III (ulnar fracture and/or olecranon fracture with humeral lateral condylar fracture), and 1 case of type IV (fractures of radius and ulna with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury). All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation/external fixation. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention without infection. Thirty-four cases were followed up 14 months on average (range, 12-18 months). All fractures healed at 2.5 months on average (range, 6 weeks to 5 months). According to Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system, the results were excellent in 29 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 94%. No cubit varus/valgus or delayed ulnar nerve injury was observed. CONCLUSION: New self-made classification is simple and easy to remember, and it is helpful to reduce omission diagnose rate and select therapeutic methods. Surgery is an effective method to treat Monteggia equivalent fractures.

[Complications of intertrochanteric fracture treated with dynamic hip screw: cause analysis and prevention].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze causes of the complications in treatment of the intertrochanteric fractures with dynamic hip screw (DHS) and discuss the way of the prevention. METHODS: Sixty-five cases of intertrochanter fractures of femur were treated with DHS. Among them, the complications occurred in 13 cases, their causes were analyzed and corresponding preventive treatments were discussed. The patients with complications included 8 male and 5 female, and the mean age was 70.2 years (range, from 56 to 82 years). RESULTS: The major complications of 13 cases included proximal femoral cortex broken in 2 cases, femoral heads penetrated by screw in 2,varus deformity of hip in 5, necrosis of femoral head in 1, the wound infection in 3 (including bone non-union in 1). CONCLUSION: The main causes of the complications are various as follows: the nonstandard operative procedure, incorrect aseptic measures, unsatisfactory reduction, and too early weight bearing. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures such as correct aseptic manipulation, effective treatment of general medical illness,formal operative procedure good reduction, proper fixation of lesser trochanter and posteromedial bone fragment, and correct functional training program should be taken.

[Construction of expression vector with BG2 gene and its transformation in wheat].

beta-1,3-glucanase(BG2) is one of the pathogensis-related-proteins(PR). Study of these proteins and their related genes is one of the hot points in plant genetic engineering of disease resistance for a long time. In this research, specific primers were designed with the enzyme cleavage site of Spe I in its forward one and Not I site in the backward according to the BG2 gene sequence. Using this pair of primers, BG2 gene, which was contained in the plasmid of pRTL2, was amplified and confirmed by sequencing the amplified fragment inserted into T-easy vector. The positive clone containing BG2 gene was digested with the enzymes of Spe I/Not I and then BG2 gene was inserted into the Xba I/Not I sites of super expression binary vector pATC940. The reconstructed expression vector named as pATCBG2 was introduced into the wheat of Longfumai10 and Longfumai3 (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) through the particle gun transformation method. The Kanamysin resistant (Km') transformants were obtained. PCR, Dot-blotting and PCR-Southern hybridization analysis showed that the BG2 gene was integrated into the genome of wheat. Result of pathogen inoculation assay on the transgenic plants showed that the transgenic plants had a higher resistant disease score of 1-2 grade than the control.