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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between academic engagement and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents, so as to provide evidence from the perspective of exercising for students to learn efficiently, teachers to improve classroom teaching, and schools to improve educational quality. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 12 junior high schools in Shanghai, China, which were selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Then, with the valid data of 2078 students collected from the survey. A data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to analyze the factors affecting adolescent academic engagement and to determine whether MVPA, MSE, and SB play roles in it. Results: (1) The differences in academic engagement depended on the exercise adherence to the recommended amount of MVPA, MSE, and screen-based SB. (2) In terms of the three independent variables of total time, MSE (ß = 0.206) and MVPA (ß = 0.175) showed a significant positive correlation with academic engagement, while SB (ß = -0.155) was negatively correlated with academic engagement. (3) From the linear regression model of eight combination groups divided by the exercise adherence to the recommended amount of MVPA, MSE and SB, the group that met none of the recommendations (ß = -0.235) showed a significant negative effect on academic engagement, while the groups that met any two or all three of the recommendations demonstrated strong positive correlations with academic engagement (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Increasing adolescents' muscle-strengthening exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior can effectively promote academic engagement. Therefore, adolescents are suggested to reach the recommended amounts of physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercise, and sedentary behavior so as to improve academic engagement more effectively.
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Purpose: The study aims to explore the relationship and potential mechanisms between screen time and anxiety and have a clear understanding of the role of negative emotions and emotion regulation, thus providing guidance for Chinese college students to improve mental health. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey by selecting 1721 academic college students from 6 colleges and universities in 5 provinces in China, and the data were analyzed through the Process program of SPSS for mediating effect and moderating effect. Results: There is a significant positive relationship between screen time and anxiety, negative emotions play a mediating role between the two (indirect effect = 0.32, p < 0.001), mediating effect accounts for 59.88% of the total effect, and emotion regulation regulates the direct relationship between screen time and anxiety (interaction effect = 0.027, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms by which screen time affects anxiety in academic college students, providing a fresh perspective on anxiety reduction. Screen time positively affects anxiety levels, where negative emotions have a mediating role and emotion regulation has a moderating role. In the future, we can control screen ++time, increase physical activities, reduce negative emotions, and improve the emotional regulation ability to relieve anxiety, so as to improve the mental health of academic college students, and expect to have a positive impact on future learning, life, and planning.
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A new, highly adaptable type of phosphinamide-based hydrogen bonding is representatively demonstrated in π-conjugated phosphole materials. The rotational flexibility of these intermolecular P=O-H-N hydrogen bonds is demonstrated by X-ray crystallography and variable-concentration NMR spectroscopy. In addition to crystalline compounds, phosphinamide hydrogen bonding was successfully introduced into the self-assembly of soft crystals, liquid crystals, and organogels, thus highlighting the high general value of this type of interaction for the formation of organic soft materials.
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Self-assembly is nature's most powerful tool for constructing the physical world. Self-assembly has also become an important theme in organic materials research. Within our research program on π-conjugated organophosphorus materials, we have recently aimed to combine the unique optoelectronic properties of organophosphorus building blocks with self-assembly features. Our novel organophosphorus-based chromophore mesogens self-assemble into complex structures, such as liquid crystals and organogels. More importantly, intriguing optoelectronic properties not present in the original building blocks are also produced as a result. These results have opened up a rich chemistry toward smart functional materials that is currently being further exploited in our group.
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The discovery and molecular engineering of novel electroluminescent materials is still a challenge in optoelectronics. In this work, the development of new π-conjugated oligomers incorporating a dihydrophosphete skeleton is reported. Variation of the substitution pattern of 1,2-dihydrophosphete derivatives and chemical modification of their Pâ atoms afford thermally stable derivatives, which are suitable emitters to construct organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The optical and electrochemical properties of these new P-based oligomers have been investigated in detail and are supported by DFT calculations. The OLED devices exhibit good performance and current-independent CIE coordinates.
