Diffusion-controlled detection of glucose with microelectrodes in mediated bioelectrocatalytic oxidation.

This paper describes a diffusion-controlled electrolysis of glucose with mediated bioelectrocatalysis at microdisk-electrodes. Under conditions of an extremely fast enzyme reaction, compared with the diffusion of glucose, the current in potential-step chronoamperometry reaches an almost steady state within 10 s, and is proportional to the glucose concentration. The current can be detected at +0.1 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone as a mediator. The addition of carboxymethylcellulose increased the linear range up to 10 mM.

A bioelectrocatalysis method for the kinetic measurement of thermal inactivation of a redox enzyme, bilirubin oxidase.

The thermal stability of a redox enzyme, bilirubin oxidase (BOD), has been quantitatively evaluated by measuring the inactivation kinetics of BOD at several temperatures. The enzyme activity is directly related to the mediated bioelectrocatalytic current for the BOD-catalyzed reduction of O(2). Thus, the inactivation process is measured by the time-dependent decrease in the bioelectrocatalytic current. The results reveal that the inactivation obeys first-order kinetics, whose rate constants (k) are determined at pH 7.0 and at 50 - 70 degrees C. The half life of BOD activity, calculated from the k value at 50 degrees C is 114 min, which is in harmony with the thermal-stability data given in a catalog by Amano Enzyme Inc. The bioelectrocatalysis method allows in situ measurements of the inactivation kinetics in the period of a few minutes at relatively high temperatures. The rate constants show a large temperature dependence, leading to a large Arrhenius activation energy (E(A)) of 221 kJ mol(-1). The activation Gibbs energy (DeltaG(not equal)), activation enthalpy (DeltaH(not equal)), and activation entropy (DeltaS(not equal)) are also determined.