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Artritis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/análisis , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/diagnóstico , Líquido Sinovial/química , Artritis Infecciosa/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Técnicas Genéticas , Humanos , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recently, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has labeled the procedural codes for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as potentially misvalued and has asked the American Medical Association (AMA) and its Relative Value Scale Update Committee (RUC) to review this. To assess the validity of this claim, we aimed to catalog the specific service tasks and duration of time required for each task associated with the perioperative care of the patient who underwent primary THA and TKA. METHODS: We prospectively timed preservice and immediate postservice activities performed outside of the operating room (OR) by 7 arthroplasty surgeons over a four-week period. Specific timing data for preservice activities performed in the OR were obtained retrospectively from our institutional electronic medical record for 500 patients undergoing THA and 500 undergoing TKA. Results were compared with the current approved values reviewed by the RUC in 2013 and converted to work relative value units (wRVUs) based on the intensity coefficients used by the RUC. RESULTS: The average total preservice evaluation time was 42.2 minutes. The average time from the patient entering the OR to incision was 40.8 ± 25.4 minute. Immediate postservice tasks took 30.0 minutes. Compared with the 2013 RUC weighted wRVU value of 1.394 for preservice and 0.560 for immediate postservice activities, we found that surgeons actually perform 1.567 wRVUs of preservice and 0.672 of immediate postservice activities. CONCLUSION: Policymakers should consider these findings when reviewing the time and intensity spent on perioperative care for patients undergoing THA and TKA.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Anciano , Humanos , Medicare , Escalas de Valor Relativo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Obesidad Mórbida/fisiopatología , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/fisiopatología , Atención Perioperativa , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/complicaciones , Obesidad Mórbida/terapia , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/cirugía , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Surgical costs are under scrutiny and surgeons are being held increasingly responsible for cost containment. In some instances, implants are the largest component of total procedure cost, yet previous studies reveal that surgeons' knowledge of implant prices is poor. Our study aims to (1) understand drivers behind implant selection and (2) assess whether educating surgeons about implant costs affects implant selection. METHODS: We surveyed 226 orthopedic surgeons across 6 continents. The survey presented 8 clinical cases of upper extremity fractures with history, radiographs, and implant options. Surgeons were randomized to receive either a version with each implant's average selling price ("price-aware" group), or a version without prices ("price-naïve" group). Surgeons selected a surgical implant and ranked factors affecting implant choice. Descriptive statistics and univariate, multivariable, and subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS: For cases offering implants within the same class (eg, volar locking plates), price-awareness reduced implant cost by 9% to 11%. When offered different models of distal radius volar locking plates, 25% of price-naïve surgeons selected the most expensive plate compared with only 7% of price-aware surgeons. For cases offering different classes of implants (eg, plate vs external fixator), there was no difference in implant choice between price-aware and price-naïve surgeons. Familiarity with the implant was the most common reason for choosing an implant in both groups (35% vs 46%). Price-aware surgeons were more likely to rank cost as a factor (29% vs 21%). CONCLUSIONS: Price awareness significantly influences surgeons' choice of a specific model within the same implant class. Merely including prices with a list of implants leads surgeons to select less expensive implants. This implies that an untapped opportunity exists to reduce surgical expenditures simply by enhancing surgeons' cost awareness. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Economic/Decision Analyses I.
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Conducta de Elección , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Cirujanos Ortopédicos/psicología , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/economía , Prótesis e Implantes/economía , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Irreducible ankle fractures are a relatively rare phenomenon. We present a case of a pronation abduction-type ankle fracture that was irreducible in the emergency room despite sedation. The patient was taken to the operating room, where the posterior tibialis tendon and retinaculum, deltoid ligament, and anteromedial capsule were found to be trapped within the joint. After removal of the tissue, alignment was restored. The patient did well clinically and was advanced to full weightbearing at 6 weeks. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of entrapment of all 4 anatomic structures, preventing closed reduction.
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Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Cápsula Articular/cirugía , Ligamentos Articulares/cirugía , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/cirugía , Atrapamiento del Tendón/cirugía , Traumatismos de los Tendones/cirugía , Adulto , Humanos , Cápsula Articular/lesiones , Ligamentos Articulares/lesiones , MasculinoRESUMEN
Declining total joint arthroplasty reimbursement and rising implant prices have led many hospitals to restrict access to newer, more expensive total joint arthroplasty implants. The authors sought to understand arthroplasty surgeons' perspectives on implants regarding innovation, product launch, costs, and cost-containment strategies including surgeon gain-sharing and patient cost-sharing. Members of the International Congress for Joint Reconstruction were surveyed regarding attitudes about implant technology and costs. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. A total of 126 surgeons responded from all 5 regions of the United States. Although 76.9% believed new products advance technology in orthopedics, most (66.7%) supported informing patients that new implants lack long-term clinical data and restricting new implants to a small number of investigators prior to widespread market launch. The survey revealed that 66.7% would forgo gain-sharing incentives in exchange for more freedom to choose implants. Further, 76.9% believed that patients should be allowed to pay incremental costs for "premium" implants. Surgeons who believed that premium products advance orthopedic technology were more willing to forgo gain-sharing (P=.040). Surgeons with higher surgical volume (P=.007), those who believed implant companies should be allowed to charge more for new technology (P<.001), and those who supported discussing costs with patients (P=.004) were more supportive of patient cost-sharing. Most arthroplasty surgeons believe technological innovation advances the field but support discussing the "unproven" nature of new implants with patients. Many surgeons support alternative payment models permitting surgeons and patients to retain implant selection autonomy. Most respondents prioritized patient beneficence and surgeon autonomy above personal financial gain. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(5):e825-e830.].
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo/economía , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Control de Costos , Prótesis Articulares/economía , Cirujanos Ortopédicos , Análisis de Varianza , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Gastos en Salud , Humanos , Ortopedia/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cost containment and surgical inefficiencies are major concerns for hospitals in this era of declining resources. The primary aim of this investigation was to understand subjective perceptions of perioperative spine surgical quality across three practice settings and to identify potential factors contributing to these perceptions. Subsequently, we objectively evaluated factors that influence the duration of time in which the patient is in the operating room (OR) prior to the surgical incision and assessed the influence of fluoroscopy technician expertise on radiation dose and imaging efficiency. METHODS: One hundred and eight medical device representatives with at least 1 year of OR experience were surveyed at a national conference. Three distinct healthcare facilities were identified: university, small volume, and large volume private hospitals. Respondents rated facilities on a five-point scale for staff quality; size and consistency of surgical teams; and overall likelihood of recommending the facility. Separately, 140 posterior lumbar procedures from two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Two time periods were quantified for each surgical case: patient arrival in the OR to induction of anesthesia (T1) and induction to surgical incision (T2). T1 and T2 were compared between university and large private hospital settings using t tests and multivariate analysis. For 44 separate lumbar spine surgical procedures, practice setting, patient BMI, number of vertebral levels requiring imaging, number of localizing fluoroscopy images taken, total fluoroscopy time, total radiation dose, fluoroscopy machine, and whether the fluoroscopist could correctly state his or her role, which was to obtain a lateral lumbar localizing image, were recorded. T-tests were used to compare cases in which the fluoroscopist could and could not correctly state the task. RESULTS: Survey ratings for surgeons were not significantly different across university, large private, and small private hospitals. Fewer circulating nurses were rated as excellent or good in university versus private hospitals (p < 0.001). Small volume private hospital surgical teams were more likely to have worked together before than university teams (p < 0.05), and university teams were larger (p < 0.05). Respondents were more likely to recommend a university or large private hospital for complex instrumentation cases (p < 0.001). On objective measures, university patients were older, less obese, and had higher mean ASA scores (2.5 versus 2.2, p < 0.001). Compared to the university setting, private hospital cases had significantly shorter Time 1 (8 versus 37 min, p < 0.001) and Time 2 (23 versus 30 min, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for ASA score, BMI, and age. Cases in which the fluoroscopist knew the imaging purpose were associated with significantly fewer images (mean 1.8 versus 3.4 images, p < 0.0001) and shorter total exposure times (2.3 versus 4.0 sec, p < 0.001). Operations performed in the university setting were associated with significantly more images (2.7 versus 1.8 images, p < 0.001), longer total exposure times (3.2 versus 2.3 sec, p = 0.0027), and total radiation dose (27.8 versus 53.3 rad, p < 0.001) when compared with those performed in the private setting. The university practice setting was associated with significantly more images (2.7 versus 1.8 images, p < 0.001), longer total exposure times (3.2 versus 2.3 sec, p = 0.003), and total radiation dose (27.8 versus 53.3 rad, p < 0.001) when compared with non-university settings. CONCLUSION: Large private and university hospitals had higher surgeon ratings. The university setting was associated with larger and less consistent surgical teams and lower nurse ratings. Surgical staff awareness of the procedure and attention to preoperative tasks specific to the procedure reduced pre-operative time spent in the OR as well as fluoroscopy radiation. These data suggest that nurses and support staff make substantial contributions to overall quality of care, and that leadership and interpersonal coordination are especially important within large teams at teaching hospitals.
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Eficiencia Organizacional , Quirófanos/organización & administración , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Evaluación de Procesos, Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Flujo de Trabajo , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Competencia Clínica , Fluoroscopía , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Hospitales de Alto Volumen , Hospitales de Bajo Volumen/organización & administración , Hospitales Privados/organización & administración , Hospitales Universitarios/organización & administración , Humanos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/organización & administración , Quirófanos/normas , Tempo Operativo , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/normas , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/organización & administración , Evaluación de Procesos, Atención de Salud/normas , Mejoramiento de la Calidad/normas , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Dosis de Radiación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cirujanos/organización & administración , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown improvement in patellar tendinopathy symptoms after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, but no randomized controlled trial has compared PRP with dry needling (DN) for this condition. PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcomes in patellar tendinopathy after a single ultrasound-guided, leukocyte-rich PRP injection versus DN. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: A total of 23 patients with patellar tendinopathy on examination and MRI who had failed nonoperative treatment were enrolled and randomized to receive ultrasound-guided DN alone (DN group; n = 13) or with injection of leukocyte-rich PRP (PRP group; n = 10), along with standardized eccentric exercises. Patients and the physician providing follow-up care were blinded. Participants completed patient-reported outcome surveys before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and ≥26 weeks after treatment during follow-up visits. The primary outcome measure was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment (VISA) score for patellar tendinopathy at 12 weeks, and secondary measures included the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Tegner activity scale, Lysholm knee scale, and Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire at 12 and ≥26 weeks. Results were analyzed using 2-tailed paired and unpaired t tests. Patients who were dissatisfied at 12 weeks were allowed to cross over into a separate unblinded arm. RESULTS: At 12 weeks after treatment, VISA scores improved by a mean ± standard deviation of 5.2 ± 12.5 points (P = .20) in the DN group (n = 12) and by 25.4 ± 23.2 points (P = .01) in the PRP group (n = 9); at ≥26 weeks, the scores improved by 33.2 ± 14.0 points (P = .001) in the DN group (n = 9) and by 28.9 ± 25.2 points (P = .01) in the PRP group (n = 7). The PRP group had improved significantly more than the DN group at 12 weeks (P = .02), but the difference between groups was not significant at ≥26 weeks (P = .66). Lysholm scores were not significantly different between groups at 12 weeks (P = .81), but the DN group had improved significantly more than the PRP group at ≥26 weeks (P = .006). At 12 weeks, 3 patients in the DN group failed treatment and subsequently crossed over into the PRP group. These patients were excluded from the primary ≥26-week analysis. There were no treatment failures in the PRP group. No adverse events were reported. Recruitment was stopped because interim analysis demonstrated statistically significant and clinically important results. CONCLUSION: A therapeutic regimen of standardized eccentric exercise and ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich PRP injection with DN accelerates the recovery from patellar tendinopathy relative to exercise and ultrasound-guided DN alone, but the apparent benefit of PRP dissipates over time.
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Ligamento Rotuliano/fisiopatología , Transfusión de Plaquetas/métodos , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Tendinopatía/terapia , Adulto , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Terapia por Ejercicio , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarticulares/métodos , Masculino , Agujas , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , Tendinopatía/fisiopatología , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMEN
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become a popular treatment for acute and chronic soft tissue injuries. Although the majority of research has focused on its use in tendinopathy, PRP may have potential in meniscus and ligament healing. Some level II studies support a possible benefit for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) allograft maturation, and preliminary animal studies point to a potential role for PRP in primary ACL repair. However, randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated a benefit of PRP for ACL tendon allograft-tunnel integration. To date, 2 studies document the use of PRP for meniscal applications, but this field is largely unexplored. With respect to ligament and meniscal applications, the current literature suggests PRP may be promising for primary ACL repair in skeletally immature patients, ACL graft maturation, and repair of meniscal tears in the avascular zone.
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Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/terapia , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Lesiones de Menisco Tibial , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
The neonatal brain has poorly developed GABAergic circuits, and in many of them GABA is excitatory, favoring ictogenicity. Frequently repeated experimental seizures impair brain development in an age-dependent manner. At critical ages, they delay developmental milestones, permanently lower seizure thresholds, and can cause very specific cognitive and learning deficits, such as the permanent impairment of neuronal spatial maps. Some types of experimental status epilepticus cause neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, and are followed by chronic epilepsy with spontaneous recurrent seizures, others appear relatively benign, so that seizure-induced neuronal injury and epileptogenesis are highly age-, seizure model-, and species-dependent. Experimental febrile seizures can be epileptogenic, and hyperthermia aggravates both neuronal injury and epileptogenicity. Antiepileptic drugs, the mainstay of treatment, have major risks of their own, and can, at therapeutic or near-therapeutic doses, trigger neuronal apoptosis, which is also age-, drug-, cell type-, and species-dependent. The relevance of these experimental results to human disease is still uncertain, but while their brains are quite different, the basic biology of neurons in rodents and humans is strikingly similar. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis and of seizure- or drug-induced neuronal injury, in order to prevent their long-term consequences.
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Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/patología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/complicaciones , Epilepsia , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Epilepsia/etiología , Epilepsia/patología , Humanos , Neuronas/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product used to treat acute and chronic tendon, ligament, and muscle injuries in over 86,000 athletes in the United States annually. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned intramuscular PRP injections in competitive athletes in 2010 because of concerns that it may increase performance-enhancing growth factors. The ban on PRP was removed in 2011 because of limited evidence for a systemic ergogenic effect of PRP, but the growth factors within PRP remain prohibited. PURPOSE: To quantify the effect of PRP injection on systemic growth factors with performance-enhancing effects and to identify molecular markers to detect treated athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: Six ergogenic growth factors monitored by WADA-human growth hormone (hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-were measured in 25 patients before (baseline) and at 0.25, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after intratendinous leukocyte-rich PRP injection. Eating and exercise were prohibited for 3 hours before testing. Growth factors were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the change relative to each patient's baseline was calculated. RESULTS: Relative to serum, PRP contained significantly more bFGF (226 vs 5 pg/mL), VEGF (1426 vs 236 pg/mL), and PDGF-BB (26,285 vs 392 pg/mL), but IGF-1 and hGH were not elevated. Serum levels increased significantly for IGF-1 at 24 and 48 hours, for bFGF at 72 and 96 hours, and for VEGF at 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after PRP injection. Additionally, VEGF was increased in all 25 patients after PRP treatment. CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-1, VEGF, and bFGF levels are significantly elevated after PRP injection, supporting a possible ergogenic effect of PRP. An indirect marker for hGH doping, the product of IGFBP-3 × IGF-1, also significantly increased after PRP. Platelet-rich plasma appears to trigger an increase in circulating growth factors through activating biological pathways rather than by serving as a vehicle for the direct delivery of presynthesized growth factors. Elevated VEGF was observed in all patients after PRP, and ≥88% of patients had elevated VEGF at each time point from 3 to 96 hours after PRP, suggesting that VEGF may be a sensitive molecular marker to detect athletes recently treated with PRP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first and only adequately powered study of the systemic effects of PRP. We present evidence that PRP contains and may trigger systemic increases in substances currently banned in competitive athletes. Finally, we provide evidence that VEGF could serve as a useful molecular marker to detect athletes treated with PRP.