The Influence of Social Disadvantage on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties at Age 4-7 Years.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between indicators of social disadvantage and emotional and behavioral difficulties in children aged 4-7 years. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was based on data collected in a questionnaire completed by parents of children enrolled in their first year of school in Victoria, Australia, in 2010. Just over 57000 children participated (86% of children enrolled), of whom complete data were available for 38955 (68% of the dataset); these children formed the analysis sample. The outcome measure was emotional and behavioral difficulties, assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties score. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken. RESULTS: Having a concession card (a government-issued card enabling access to subsidized goods and services, particularly in relation to medical care, primarily for economically vulnerable households) was the strongest predictor of emotional and behavioral difficulties (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 2.39-3.07), followed by living with 1 parent and the parent's partner or not living with either parent (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.58-2.37) and having a mother who did not complete high school (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11-1.45). CONCLUSION: These findings may assist schools and early childhood practitioners in identifying young children who are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties, to provide these children, together with their parents and families, with support from appropriate preventive interventions.

Extensión PRISMA-Equidad 2012: guías para la escritura y la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas enfocadas en la equidad en salud / PRISMA-Equity 2012 Extension: reporting guidelines for systematic reviews with a focus on health equity

Existe un imperativo mundial de abordar las desigualdades sanitarias a nivel nacional e internacional, definidas como diferencias en la salud injustas y evitables. Un paso hacia lograr esta meta es mejorar la base de evidencia científica rigurosa relacionada con las repercusiones de las políticas sobre las desigualdades en los resultados de la salud, la asignación de recursos y su uso. Las revisiones sistemáticas son cada vez más reconocidas como fuente de evidencia valiosa para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria y los sistemas sanitarios; sin embargo, muy pocas revisiones sistemáticas informan acerca de los efectos sobre la equidad en salud. Desarrollamos guías consensuadas para la escritura y publicación de revisiones sistemáticas centradas en la equidad, para ayudar a que los revisores identifiquen, extraigan y sinteticen la evidencia sobre la equidad en las revisiones sistemáticas. El uso cada vez mayor de estas guías para escribir y publicar trabajos científicos ayudará a mejorar los informes de los efectos sobre las desigualdades en los resultados de la salud y el uso de la atención sanitaria según el género, la posición socioeconómica y otras características, tanto en las revisiones sistemáticas como, en última instancia, en la investigación primaria, y en consecuencia contribuirá a la agenda mundial para optimizar la equidad en salud.

There is a global imperative to tackle national and international health inequities- defined as unfair and avoidable differences in health. One step in reaching this goal is to improve the rigorous, scientific evidence base on the impacts of policies on inequities in health outcomes, resource allocation, and use. Systematic reviews are increasingly recognized as a valuable source of evidence for both health care and health systems decision making, yet very few systematic reviews report effects on health equity. We developed consensus-based reporting guidelines for equity-focused systematic reviews in order to help reviewers identify, extract, and synthesise evidence on equity in systematic reviews. Increased use of these reporting guidelines will help improve the reporting of effects on both inequities in health outcomes and health care use across gender, socioeconomic position, and other characteristics, both in systematic reviews and eventually primary research, thus contributing to the global agenda to improve health equity.