RESUMEN
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious and yet incompletely understood gastrointestinal disease of infancy that predominately impacts premature neonates. Prevention is a key strategy for the management of necrotizing enterocolitis. Although postnatal risk factors have been the focus of prevention efforts, obstetric complications, including intrauterine inflammation and infection, growth restriction, preeclampsia, and prenatal medications, have been associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. This article reviews the evidence behind the prenatal risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis, and discusses how these risk factors may elucidate the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and provide insight into prevention and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Enterocolitis Necrotizante , Enfermedades del Prematuro , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/epidemiología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
A 27-year-old woman presented at 23 weeks' 6 days' gestation who tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite mechanical ventilation and paralysis, she remained hypoxic and was emergently cannulated for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). The patient ambulated while intubated and on VV-ECMO. She was decannulated and extubated. An ultrasound demonstrated an appropriately grown fetus without abnormalities. She was discharged to home and gave birth to a healthy baby girl at 39 weeks' gestation. Using VV-ECMO, this patient and her fetus survived acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19.