RESUMEN
Polymethylmethacrylate remains one of the most enduring materials in orthopaedic surgery. It has a central role in the success of total joint replacement and is also used in newer techniques such as percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. This article describes the current uses and limitations of polymethylmethacrylate in orthopaedic surgery. It focuses on its mechanical and chemical properties and links these to its clinical performance. The behaviour of antibiotic-loaded bone cement are discussed, together with areas of research that are now shedding light upon the behaviour of this unique biomaterial.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cementos para Huesos/uso terapéutico , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/métodos , Polimetil Metacrilato/uso terapéutico , Cementos para Huesos/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimetil Metacrilato/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Severe closed traction lesions to the adult brachial plexus are caused by high energy transfer injuries, in which injuries to other systems are common. Of the 149 patients urgently operated on for lesions of the brachial plexus between 1 June 1997 and 1999, 18 (12%) suffered significant injury to the spinal column. Accurate diagnosis of the spinal injury was made in 13 cases of these before transfer to our unit.The injury to the spine was not necessarily a contraindication to urgent exploration of the brachial plexus.
Asunto(s)
Plexo Braquial/lesiones , Vértebras Cervicales/lesiones , Traumatismos Vertebrales/epidemiología , Vértebras Torácicas/lesiones , Adolescente , Adulto , Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografía , Traumatismos Vertebrales/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Dislocation is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty occurring in up to 9% of cases. Recurrent dislocation accounts for 4% of revisions in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Study. Soft tissue balancing is one of the factors, independent of the surgical approach used, that is involved in producing a stable total hip replacement. We describe a proximal referencing system for use with the Charnley low friction arthrosplasty (LFA), which optimises this factor. The dislocation rate, using this method, is 0.3% (in 333 cases performed by a single surgeon over a 5 year period). This system should prove valuable to orthopaedic surgeons in training, ensuring they achieve correct soft tissue balance in total hip arthroplasty. (Hip International 2002; 12: 303-7).
