Symmetry-breaking of Dibenzo[b,d]thiophene Sulfone Enhancing Polaron Generation for Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The current bottleneck in the development of efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is the limited availability of high-performance acceptor units. Over the past nine years, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone (DBS) has been the preferred choice for the acceptor unit. Despite extensive exploration of alternative structures as potential replacements for DBS, a superior substitute remains elusive. In this study, a symmetry-breaking strategy was employed on DBS to develop a novel acceptor unit, BBTT-1SO. The asymmetric structure of BBTT-1SO proved beneficial for increasing multiple moment and polarizability. BBTT-1SO-containing polymers showed higher efficiencies for hydrogen evolution than their DBS-containing counterparts by up to 166%. PBBTT-1SO exhibited an excellent hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 222.03 mmol g-1 h-1 and an apparent quantum yield of 27.5% at 500 nm. Transient spectroscopic studies indicated that the BBTT-1SO-based polymers facilitated electron polaron formation, which explains their superior HERs. PBBTT-1SO also showed 14% higher HER in natural seawater splitting than that in deionized water splitting. Molecular dynamics simulations highlighted the enhanced water-PBBTT-1SO polymer interactions in salt-containing solutions. This study presents a pioneering example of a substitute acceptor unit for DBS in the construction of high-performance photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

The individual contributions of blaB, blaGOB and blaCME on MICs of ß-lactams in Elizabethkingia anophelis.

BACKGROUND: The blaB, blaGOB and blaCME genes are thought to confer ß-lactam resistance to Elizabethkingia anophelis, based on experiments conducted primarily on Escherichia coli. OBJECTIVES: To determine the individual contributions of ß-lactamase genes to increased MICs in E. anophelis and to assess their impact on the in vivo efficacy of carbapenem therapy. METHODS: Scarless gene deletion of one or more ß-lactamase gene(s) was performed in three clinical E. anophelis isolates. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Hydrolytic activity and expressions of ß-lactamase genes were measured by an enzymatic assay and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. In vivo efficacy was determined using Galleria mellonella and murine thigh infection models. RESULTS: The presence of blaB resulted in >16-fold increases, while blaGOB caused 4-16-fold increases of carbapenem MICs. Hydrolysis of carbapenems was highest in lysates of blaB-positive strains, possibly due to the constitutionally higher expression of blaB. Imipenem was ineffective against blaB-positive isolates in vivo in terms of improvement of the survival of wax moth larvae and reduction of murine bacterial load. The deletion of blaB restored the efficacy of imipenem. The blaB gene was also responsible for a >4-fold increase of ampicillin/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam MICs. The presence of blaCME, but not blaB or blaGOB, increased the MICs of ceftazidime and cefepime by 8-16- and 4-8-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The constitutionally and highly expressed blaB gene in E. anophelis was responsible for increased MICs of carbapenems and led to their poor in vivo efficacy. blaCME increased the MICs of ceftazidime and cefepime.

Effect of negative pressure therapy on the treatment response to scar thickness and viscoelasticity.

Patients with scars face a grave threat to their mental and physical health. Negative pressure has been used for scar therapy in medical care and provides a microenvironment conducive to scar healing while stimulating cell regeneration. Negative pressure may disrupt scar tissue regeneration when the pressure is too high or too low, so finding a suitable negative pressure is important. We hypothesized that different negative pressure magnitudes would affect scar tissue properties differently. This research aimed to provide practical recommendations for scar therapy. This study used three negative pressures (-105 mmHg, -125 mmHg, and -145 mmHg) to compare scar material properties. We measured scar tissue thickness and viscoelasticity with a motor-driven ultrasound indentation system. According to the results of this study, scar thickness is most effectively reduced at a negative pressure of -105 mmHg. In comparison, scar viscoelasticity continuously increases at a negative pressure of -125 mmHg. Negative pressure therapy can be recommended to scar care clinics based on the results of this study.

Hippocampal excitation-inhibition balance underlies the 5-HT2C receptor in modulating depressive behaviours.

The implication of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in depression is a topic of debate, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. We now elucidate hippocampal excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance underlies the regulatory effects of 5-HT2CR in depression. Molecular biological analyses showed that chronic mild stress (CMS) reduced the expression of 5-HT2CR in hippocampus. We revealed that inhibition of 5-HT2CR induced depressive-like behaviors, reduced GABA release and shifted the E/I balance towards excitation in CA3 pyramidal neurons by using behavioral analyses, microdialysis coupled with mass spectrum, and electrophysiological recording. Moreover, 5-HT2CR modulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS (CAPON) interaction through influencing intracellular Ca2+ release, as determined by fiber photometry and coimmunoprecipitation. Notably, disruption of nNOS-CAPON by specific small molecule compound ZLc-002 or AAV-CMV-CAPON-125C-GFP, abolished 5-HT2CR inhibition-induced depressive-like behaviors, as well as the impairment in soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly-mediated GABA vesicle release and a consequent E/I imbalance. Importantly, optogenetic inhibition of CA3 GABAergic neurons prevented the effects of AAV-CMV-CAPON-125C-GFP on depressive behaviors in the presence of 5-HT2CR antagonist. Conclusively, our findings disclose the regulatory role of 5-HT2CR in depressive-like behaviors and highlight the hippocampal nNOS-CAPON coupling-triggered E/I imbalance as a pivotal cellular event underpinning the behavioral consequences of 5-HT2CR inhibition.

Flash heating process for efficient meat preservation.

Maintaining food safety and quality is critical for public health and food security. Conventional food preservation methods, such as pasteurization and dehydration, often change the overall organoleptic quality of the food products. Herein, we demonstrate a method that affects only a thin surface layer of the food, using beef as a model. In this method, Joule heating is generated by applying high electric power to a carbon substrate in <1 s, which causes a transient increase of the substrate temperature to > ~2000 K. The beef surface in direct contact with the heating substrate is subjected to ultra-high temperature flash heating, leading to the formation of a microbe-inactivated, dehydrated layer of ~100 µm in thickness. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and mold on the treated samples are inactivated to a level below the detection limit and remained low during room temperature storage of 5 days. Meanwhile, the product quality, including visual appearance, texture, and nutrient level of the beef, remains mostly unchanged. In contrast, microorganisms grow rapidly on the untreated control samples, along with a rapid deterioration of the meat quality. This method might serve as a promising preservation technology for securing food safety and quality.

Mechanochromic Polymer Film with High Sensitivity toward Tensile Strain by the Post-Curing Ring-Closure Induced Pre-Stretching.

Mechanochromic materials has received broad research interests recently, owing to its ability to monitor the in-situ stress/strain in polymer materials in a straight forward way. However, one major setback that hinder the practical application of these materials is their low sensitivity toward tensile strain. Here we show a new strategy for pre-stretching of the mechanochromic agent in a polymer film on the molecular scale, which can effectively enhance the mechanochromic sensitivity of a polymer film toward tensile strain. In-situ fluorescent measurement during tensile test showed an early activation of the mechanochromic agent at tensile strain as low as 50%. The pre-stretching effect is realized by firstly inducing ring-opening of the mechanochromic agent by molecular functionalization, and then compelling the ring-closure process in the cured film by elevated temperature. This post-curing ring-closure process will result in pre-stretched mechanochromic agent in a crosslinked network. The mechanism for mechanochromic activation of polymer films with different composition was elaborated by visco-elastic measurements, and the effect of pre-stretching was further confirmed by polymer films with other compositions. Combined with the simplicity of the method developed, we believe this work will offer an alternative strategy to enhance the sensitivity of different mechanochromic agents toward tensile strain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Development of an optimized RPA-PfAgo detection system for MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping.

This study introduces an efficient RPA-PfAgo detection system for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, proposing a potential strategy to simplify the genotyping process. By optimizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) nucleases, we achieved DNA amplification at a constant temperature. The assay was fine-tuned through meticulous primer and guide DNA selection, with optimal conditions established at 2.0 µL of MgAc, a reaction temperature of 42 °C, and a 10-minute reaction time for RPA. Further optimization of the PfAgo cleavage assay revealed the ideal concentrations of MnCl2, guide DNA, molecular beacon probes, the PfAgo enzyme, and the RPA product to maximize sensitivity and specificity. Clinical validation of 20 samples showed 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing, confirming the method's precision. The RPA-PfAgo system is a promising tool for on-site genotyping, with broad applications in personalized medicine and disease prevention.

Assessing mortality risk in Type 2 Diabetes patients with prolonged ASCVD risk factors: the inclusive Poh-Ai predictive scoring system with CAC Score integration.

PURPOSE: To enhance the predictive risk model for all-cause mortality in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and prolonged Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Despite the utility of the Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) score in assessing cardiovascular risk, its capacity to predict all-cause mortality remains limited. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included 1929 asymptomatic T2DM patients with ASCVD risk factors, aged 40-80. Variables encompassed demographic attributes, clinical parameters, CAC scores, comorbidities, and medication usage. Factors predicting all-cause mortality were selected to create a predictive scoring system. By using stepwise selection in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, we divided the patients into three risk groups. RESULTS: In our analysis of all-cause mortality in T2DM patients with extended ASCVD risk factors over 5 years, we identified significant risk factors, their adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), and scores: e.g., CAC score > 1000 (aHR: 1.57, score: 2), CAC score 401-1000 (aHR: 2.05, score: 2), and more. These factors strongly predict all-cause mortality, with varying risk groups (e.g., very low-risk: 2.0%, very high-risk: 24.0%). Significant differences in 5-year overall survival rates were observed among these groups (log-rank test < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Poh-Ai Predictive Scoring System excels in forecasting mortality and cardiovascular events in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and extended ASCVD risk factors.

The Efficacy and Safety of Tandem Transplant Versus Single Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

While high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remain integral to the primary treatment of newly diagnosed transplant-elble multiple myeloma (MM) patients, the challenge of disease progression persists. The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tandem ASCT compared to single ASCT. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing tandem ASCT with single ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed MM. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases for studies published up to January 2024. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), and treatment-related mortality (TRM). We used a random-effects model to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Twelve studies involving 5057 patients met the inclusion criteria. Tandem ASCT was associated with a significantly higher CRR compared to single ASCT (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71, I2 = 15%), but no significant differences were observed in PFS (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.42-1.34, I2 = 14%), OS (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.33-1.10, I2 = 27%), or the ORR (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59-1.08, I2 = 33%). However, tandem ASCT was associated with a significantly higher risk of TRM (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.00-3.18, I2 = 0%). Tandem ASCT improves the CRR but does not provide significant benefits in terms of PFS, OS, or ORR compared to single ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Moreover, tandem ASCT is associated with a higher risk of TRM. The decision to pursue tandem ASCT should be made on an individual basis, carefully weighing the potential benefits and risks in light of each patient's unique clinical situation. Future research should focus on identifying patient subgroups most likely to benefit from tandem ASCT and exploring strategies to optimize the efficacy and safety of this approach in the context of novel agent-based therapies.

Evaluating the Margins of Breast Cancer Tumors by Using Digital Breast Tomosynthesis with Deep Learning: A Preliminary Assessment.

BACKGROUND: The assessment information of tumor margins is extremely important for the success of the breast cancer surgery and whether the patient undergoes a second operation. However, conducting surgical margin assessments is a time-consuming task that requires pathology-related skills and equipment, and often cannot be provided in a timely manner. To address this challenge, digital breast tomosynthesis technology was utilized to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the breast tissue and integrate deep learning algorithms for image segmentation, achieving an assessment of tumor margins during surgery. METHODS: this study utilized post-operative tissue samples from 46 patients who underwent breast-conserving treatment, and generated image sets using digital breast tomosynthesis for the training and evaluation of deep learning models. RESULTS: Deep learning algorithms effectively identifying the tumor area. They achieved a Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) of 0.91, global accuracy of 99%, weighted IoU of 44%, precision of 98%, recall of 83%, F1 score of 89%, and dice coefficient of 93% on the training dataset; for the testing dataset, MIoU was at 83%, global accuracy at 97%, weighted IoU at 38%, precision at 87%, recall rate at 69%, F1 score at 76%, dice coefficient at 86%. CONCLUSIONS: The initial evaluation suggests that the deep learning-based image segmentation method is highly accurate in measuring breast tumor margins. This helps provide information related to tumor margins during surgery, and by using different datasets, this research method can also be applied to the surgical margin assessment of various types of tumors.

Impact of unplanned second debridement, antibiotics and implant retention on long-term outcomes in knee exchange arthroplasty: Elevated risk of failure and reinfection.

Purpose: This study investigates the outcomes of two-stage exchange arthroplasty (EA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following initial or unplanned repeat debridement antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of knee arthroplasty infection treated with two-stage EA after DAIR, spanning from January 1994 to December 2010. A total of 138 patients were included, comprising 112 with initial DAIR and 26 with an unplanned second DAIR. Data on demographics, comorbidities, infection characteristics and causative organisms were analyzed. The primary outcome was implant failure or reinfection, observed over a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Results: The overall success rate for two-stage EA was 87% (119/138 patients). Factors identified for treatment failure included reinfection with the same pathogen for unplanned second DAIR (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-4.38; p = 0.004), higher reinfection rates in patients undergoing EA after an unplanned second DAIR, especially with a prior history of PJI within 2 years (HR = 4.23; 95% CI = 2.39-5.31; p = 0.002), pre-first DAIR C-reactive protein (CRP) levels over 100 mg/dL (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.98-3.42; p = 0.003) and recurrence with the same pathogen (HR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.32-4.24; p = 0.007). Additional factors such as male gender (HR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.21-5.25; p = 0.007) and osteoporosis (T score < -2.5; HR = 3.27; 95% CI = 1.23-5.28; p = 0.005) were identified as risk factors for implant failure in all EA cases. Conclusions: This study identifies key risk factors for worse knee EA outcomes following DAIR, including a pre-first DAIR CRP level over 100 mg/L, same pathogen recurrence, and PJI history within 2 years. It shows implant failure rates remain constant across EA cases, regardless of DAIR sequence, particularly with risk factors like male gender and severe osteoporosis (T score < -2.5). These results underscore the need for careful evaluation before an unplanned second DAIR, given its significant impact on EA success. Level of Evidence: Level III.

Discrepancies in dengue burden estimates: A comparative analysis of reported cases and Global Burden of Disease Study, 2010-2019.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a significant mosquito-borne disease. Several studies have utilized estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to assess the global, regional, or national burden of dengue over time. However, our recent investigation suggests that GBD's estimates for dengue cases in Taiwan are unrealistically high. The current study extends the scope to compare reported dengue cases with GBD estimates across 30 high-burden countries and territories, aiming to assess the accuracy and interpretability of the GBD's dengue estimates. METHODS: Data for this study were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study and various national and international databases documenting reported dengue cases. The analysis targeted the top 30 countries and territories with the highest 10-year average of reported cases from 2010 to 2019. Discrepancies were quantified by computing absolute differences and ratios between the 10-year average of reported cases and GBD estimates. Coefficients of variation (CV) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess variations and trends in the two data sources. RESULTS: Significant discrepancies were noted between reported data and GBD estimates in the number of dengue cases, incidence rates, and EAPCs. GBD estimates were substantially higher than reported cases for many entities, with the most notable differences found in China (570.0-fold), India (303.0-fold), Bangladesh (115.4-fold), Taiwan (85.5-fold), and Indonesia (23.2-fold). Furthermore, the GBD's estimates did not accurately reflect the extensive yearly fluctuations in dengue outbreaks, particularly in non-endemic regions such as Taiwan, China, and Argentina, as evidenced by high CVs. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals substantial discrepancies between GBD estimates and reported dengue cases, underscoring the imperative for comprehensive analysis in areas with pronounced disparities. The failure of GBD estimates to represent the considerable annual fluctuations in dengue outbreaks highlights the critical need for improvement in disease burden estimation methodologies for dengue.

Practice Algorithm of Rotational Thromboelastometry-Guided (ROTEM-Guided) Bleeding Management in Liver Transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is frequently complicated by coagulopathy associated with end-stage liver disease, which is often multifactorial and associated with hemostatic disturbances affecting both the procoagulant and anticoagulant systems. This rebalanced coagulation system may lead to bleeding diathesis or increased clot formation. Conventional coagulation tests cannot reflect these complex changes because they can only illustrate deficiencies in the procoagulant system. Viscoelastic tests such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have been used in LT and have shown useful for detecting coagulopathy and guiding transfusions. Implementation of ROTEM-guided bleeding management algorithms has proven effectiveness in reducing bleeding, transfusion needs, complication rates, and healthcare costs in LT. This document is intended to provide a practice algorithm for the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy during LT and to encourage adaptation of the guidelines to individual institutional circumstances and resources.

Comparison of the ABC and ACMG systems for variant classification.

The ABC and ACMG variant classification systems were compared by asking mainly European clinical laboratories to classify variants in 10 challenging cases using both systems, and to state if the variant in question would be reported as a relevant result or not as a measure of clinical utility. In contrast to the ABC system, the ACMG system was not made to guide variant reporting but to determine the likelihood of pathogenicity. Nevertheless, this comparison is justified since the ACMG class determines variant reporting in many laboratories. Forty-three laboratories participated in the survey. In seven cases, the classification system used did not influence the reporting likelihood when variants labeled as "maybe report" after ACMG-based classification were included. In three cases of population frequent but disease-associated variants, there was a difference in favor of reporting after ABC classification. A possible reason is that ABC step C (standard variant comments) allows a variant to be reported in one clinical setting but not another, e.g., based on Bayesian-based likelihood calculation of clinical relevance. Finally, the selection of ACMG criteria was compared between 36 laboratories. When excluding criteria used by less than four laboratories (<10%), the average concordance rate was 46%. Taken together, ABC-based classification is more clear-cut than ACMG-based classification since molecular and clinical information is handled separately, and variant reporting can be adapted to the clinical question and phenotype. Furthermore, variants do not get a clinically inappropriate label, like pathogenic when not pathogenic in a clinical context, or variant of unknown significance when the significance is known.

Functional dissection of parabrachial substrates in processing nociceptive information.

Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and, in many cases, also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors, the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of suffering. The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN), composed of external- (elPBN), dorsal- (dlPBN), and central/superior-subnuclei (jointly referred to as slPBN), receives sensory inputs from spinal projection neurons and plays important roles in processing affective information from external threats and body integrity disruption. However, the organizational rules of lPBN neurons that provoke diverse behaviors in response to different painful stimuli from cutaneous and deep tissues remain unclear. In this study, we used region-specific neuronal depletion or silencing approaches combined with a battery of behavioral assays to show that slPBN neurons expressing substance P receptor ( NK1R) (lPBN NK1R) are crucial for driving pain-associated self-care behaviors evoked by sustained noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to skin or bone/muscle, while elPBN neurons are dispensable for driving such reactions. Notably, lPBN NK1R neurons are specifically required for forming sustained somatic pain-induced negative teaching signals and aversive memory but are not necessary for fear-learning or escape behaviors elicited by external threats. Lastly, both lPBN NK1R and elPBN neurons contribute to chemical irritant-induced nocifensive reactions. Our results reveal the functional organization of parabrachial substrates that drive distinct behavioral outcomes in response to sustained pain versus external danger under physiological conditions.

Limited exposure of captive Australian marsupials to plastics.

The global concern regarding the ubiquitous presence of plastics in the environment has led to intensified research on the impact of these materials on wildlife. In the Australian context, marsupials represent a unique and diverse group of mammals, yet little is known about their exposures to plastics. This study aimed to assess the contamination levels of seven common plastics (i.e., polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) in both the diet and faeces of kangaroos, wallabies and koalas sampled from a sanctuary in Northeastern Australia. Quantitative analysis was performed by pressurized liquid extraction followed by double-shot microfurnace pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the analysis of the food and faeces samples revealed the absence of detectable plastic particles; with this preliminary finding suggesting a relatively limited exposure of captive Australian marsupials to plastics. This study contributes valuable insights into the current state of plastic contamination in Australian marsupials, shedding light on the limited exposures and potential risks, and highlighting the need for continued monitoring and conservation efforts. The results underscore the importance of proactive measures to mitigate plastic pollution and protect vulnerable wildlife populations in Australia's unique ecosystems.

Liver regeneration of living donor after liver donation for transplantation: Disparity in the left and right remnant liver.

Donor safety is crucial for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), and sufficient liver regeneration significantly affects outcomes of living donors. This study aimed to investigate clinical factors associated with liver regeneration in living donors. The study retrospectively reviewed 380 living donors who underwent liver donation at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou. The clinical characteristics and medical parameters of donors were analyzed and compared according to liver donation graft type. There were 355 donors (93.4%) with right hemi-liver donations and 25 donors (6.6%) with left hemi-liver donations. Left hemi-liver donors had a higher body mass index (BMI) and a larger ratio of remnant liver volume (RLV) to total liver volume (TLV). However, the 2 groups showed no significant difference in the liver regeneration ratio. The type of remnant liver (P < .001), RLV/body weight (P = .027), RLV/TLV (P < .001), serum albumin on postoperative day 7 and total bilirubin levels on postoperative day 30 were the most significant factors affecting liver regeneration in living donors. In conclusion, adequate liver regeneration is essential for donor outcome after liver donation. The remnant liver could eventually regenerate to an adequate volume similar to the initial TLV before liver donation. However, the remnant left hemi-liver had a faster growth rate than the remnant right hemi-liver in donors.

Research progress on insect visual electrophysiological techniques.

Insect visual electrophysiological techniques are important to study the electrical characteristics of photoreceptor cells and visual neurons in insects, including electroretinography (ERG) and microelectrode intracellular recording (MIR). ERG records the changes of voltage or electric current in the retina of insects in response to different light stimuli, which occurs outside the cell. MIR records the changes in individual photoreceptor cells or visual neurons of an insect exposed to different lights, which occurs inside the cell. Insect visual electrophysiological techniques can explore the mechanism of electrophysiological response of insects' vision to light and reveal their sensitive light spectra and photoreceptor types. This review introduced the basic structure and the principle of ERG and MIR, and summarized their applications in insect researches in the past 20 years, which would provide references for elucidating the mechanism of light perception in insects and the use of insect phototropism to control pests.

Predicting ischemic stroke patients' prognosis changes using machine learning in a nationwide stroke registry.

Accurately predicting the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after discharge is crucial for physicians to plan for long-term health care. Although previous studies have demonstrated that machine learning (ML) shows reasonably accurate stroke outcome predictions with limited datasets, to identify specific clinical features associated with prognosis changes after stroke that could aid physicians and patients in devising improved recovery care plans have been challenging. This study aimed to overcome these gaps by utilizing a large national stroke registry database to assess various prediction models that estimate how patients' prognosis changes over time with associated clinical factors. To properly evaluate the best predictive approaches currently available and avoid prejudice, this study employed three different prognosis prediction models including a statistical logistic regression model, commonly used clinical-based scores, and a latest high-performance ML-based XGBoost model. The study revealed that the XGBoost model outperformed other two traditional models, achieving an AUROC of 0.929 in predicting the prognosis changes of stroke patients followed for 3 months. In addition, the XGBoost model maintained remarkably high precision even when using only selected 20 most relevant clinical features compared to full clinical datasets used in the study. These selected features closely correlated with significant changes in clinical outcomes for stroke patients and showed to be effective for predicting prognosis changes after discharge, allowing physicians to make optimal decisions regarding their patients' recovery.

A New Dy(III) Complex: Fluorescence Performances, Loading with Resveratrol-Hydrogels Against Skin Aging and Molecular Docking.

In the present research, novel lanthanide coordination compounds [DyL(PhCOO)(CH3OH)](ClO4)2·(CH3OH)2 (1) were characterized by the compression of 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl-phenol (dmp) and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol using benzoate as the secondary ligand, where L indicates the deprotonated macrocyclic ligand. Through the high structural rigidity driven by the coordination of the macrocyclic ligand formed by condensation in methanol solution and sodium benzoate with Dy(ClO4)3·6H2O, compound 1 exhibits outstanding cyan-emitting fluorescence performance and potential applications as a fluorescent material. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA)/ carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogels were prepared with loaded resveratrol metal-organic complexes according to the synthetic chemical approach. In biological study, we evaluated the effect of hydrogels on oxidative stress on human dermal fibroblasts. Examined by molecular docking simulation, the results showed that the binding interactions were from the phenol group, the carboxyl group and also the "-N=" group, indicating Dy metal complex has excellent biological capability.