RESUMEN
Rab3, a member of the Rab GTPase family, has been found to be involved in innate immunity. However, the precise function of this GTPase in innate immunity remains unknown. In this study, we identified a Rab3 gene (Ha-Rab3) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and studied its roles in innate immune responses. Expression of Ha-Rab3 was upregulated in the hemocytes of H. armigera larvae after the injection of Escherichia coli or chromatography beads. The dsRNA-mediated knockdown of Ha-Rab3 gene in H. armigera larval hemocytes led to significant reduction in the phagocytosis and nodulation activities of hemocytes against E. coli, significant increase in the bacterial load in larval hemolymph, and significant reduction in the encapsulation activities of hemocytes toward invading chromatography beads. Furthermore, Ha-Rab3 knockdown significantly suppressed spreading of plasmatocytes. These results suggest that Ha-Rab3 plays important roles in H. armigera cellular immune responses, possibly by mediating spreading of hemocytes.
Asunto(s)
Hemocitos/inmunología , Larva/inmunología , Mariposas Nocturnas/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab3/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Carga Bacteriana/genética , Carga Bacteriana/inmunología , Secuencia de Bases , DEAE Dextrano/inmunología , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Hemolinfa/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata , Microesferas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fagocitosis/genética , Fagocitosis/inmunología , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab3/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab3/genéticaRESUMEN
The aim was to examine the effect of handball training on cognitive ability in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 60 elderly were randomly divided into training group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and abilities of daily living scale (ADL) score before, after 3-month, and after 6-month intervention period was measured. The results showed that MMSE score was increased and ADL score was decreased in training group after 3-month and 6-month intervention (P<0.05), while there were no significant changes in MMSE or ADL in control group (P£3/40.05). These preliminary results indicated that handball training can improve cognitive ability in elderly with MCI.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Ejercicio Físico , Anciano , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
SRP gene was first identified from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea as one of genes up-regulated after bacteria injection. A rent study in Spodoptera litura showed that stress-induced elevation of SRP expression highly correlates with reduced feeding activities and growth retardation of larvae. In this study, we identified a SRP gene from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, namely Ha-SRP, and studied its precise roles in insect immunity. Expressions of Ha-SRP were upregulated in H. armigera larval hemocytes after injection of Escherichia coli. When the expression of Ha-SRP in H. armigera larval hemocytes was inhibited by dsHa-SRP injection, the transcription of prophenoloxidase genes in hemocytes was repressed, phenoloxidase activity in bacteria-challenged larval hemolymph was significantly decreased, and nodule formation in bacteria-injected larvae was reduced. More importantly, RNAi-treated insects infected with E. coli showed higher bacterial growth in hemolymph compared with infected controls. These results suggest that Ha-SRP gene plays importance roles in H. armigera innate immunity, possibly by mediating prophenoloxidase activation and nodulation response.
