Bone protective effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate induced knee and hip injury in rat model: an inflammatory pathway.

PURPOSE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is categorized via destruction of joint cartilage and it also affects the various joints, especially knees and hips. Sinomenine active phytoconstituents isolated from the stem of Sinomenium acutum and already proof anti-inflammatory effect against the arthritis model of rodent. In this experimental protocol, we scrutinized the anti-osteoarthritis effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. METHODS: MIA (3 mg/50 µL) was used for inducing the OA in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight) up to the end of the experimental study (four weeks). The body and organs weight were estimated. Aggrecan, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), glycosaminoglycans (GCGs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were analyzed. RESULTS: Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) boosted the body weight and reduced the heart weight, but the weight of spleen and kidney remain unchanged. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of nitric oxide, MCP-1 and improved the level of aggrecan, IFN-γ and GCGs. Sinomenine remarkably upregulated the level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and suppressed the level of malonaldehyde. It effectually modulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of MMPs, like MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 and 13. CONCLUSIONS: Sinomenine is a beneficial active agent for the treatment of OA disease.

Bone protective effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate induced knee and hip injury in rat model: an inflammatory pathway

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is categorized via destruction of joint cartilage and it also affects the various joints, especially knees and hips. Sinomenine active phytoconstituents isolated from the stem of Sinomenium acutum and already proof anti-inflammatory effect against the arthritis model of rodent. In this experimental protocol, we scrutinized the anti-osteoarthritis effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. Methods: MIA (3 mg/50 µL) was used for inducing the OA in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight) up to the end of the experimental study (four weeks). The body and organs weight were estimated. Aggrecan, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), glycosaminoglycans (GCGs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were analyzed. Results: Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) boosted the body weight and reduced the heart weight, but the weight of spleen and kidney remain unchanged. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of nitric oxide, MCP-1 and improved the level of aggrecan, IFN-γ and GCGs. Sinomenine remarkably upregulated the level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and suppressed the level of malonaldehyde. It effectually modulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of MMPs, like MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 and 13. Conclusions: Sinomenine is a beneficial active agent for the treatment of OA disease.

Oblique-ilioischial plate technique: a novel method for acetabular fractures involving low posterior column.

BACKGROUND: Complex acetabular fractures involving the anterior and posterior columns are an intractable clinical challenge. The study investigated the safety and efficacy of oblique-ilioischial plate technique for acetabular fractures involving low posterior column. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 18 patients operated with the oblique-ilioischial plate technique by the modified Stoppa approach (or combined with iliac fossa approach) between August 2016 and July 2021 for low posterior column acetabular fractures was conducted. The anterior column was fixed with a reconstructed plate from the iliac wing along the iliopectineal line to the pubis. The low posterior column was fixed with the novel oblique-ilioischial plate running from the ilium to the ischial ramus. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, and postoperative hip function were recorded. RESULTS: Out of the 18 patients, 10 were male and 8 were female. The mean age was 48.6±10.2 years (range: 45-62 years); The mean interval from injury to operation was 7.2±1.4 days (range: 5-19 days); The mean operative time was 2.1±0.3 h (range: 1.0-3.2 hours); The mean intraoperative blood loss was 300±58.4 mL (range: 200-500 mL). Postoperative reduction (Matta's criteria) was deemed as excellent (n = 9), good (n = 4), and fair (n = 5). At the final follow-up, the hip function (modified Merle d'Aubigne-Postel scale) was deemed as excellent (n = 11), good (n = 3), and fair (n = 4). The mean union time was 4.5±1.8 months (range: 3-6 months). No implant failure, infection, heterotopic ossification, or neurovascular injury were reported. CONCLUSION: The oblique-ilioischial plate technique via anterior approach for acetabular fractures involving low posterior column offers reliable fixation, limited invasion, little intraoperative bleeding, and fewer complications. However, larger multicenter control studies are warranted.

Microfracture versus Enhanced Microfracture Techniques in Knee Cartilage Restoration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the microfracture (MFx) and microfracture augmented (MFx + ) techniques for the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1 January, 1950 to 1 May, 2019. RevMan5.3 was used to perform statistical analysis. Relative risk was calculated for binary variables, and weighted mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD) were measured for continuous variables. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of each variable was assessed. Thirteen trials with 635 patients were included. There was a significant difference in the Lysholm's score (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.01-0.50, p = 0.04) and magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score (SMD = 14.01, 95% CI: 8.01-20.02, p < 0.01) between the MFx and MFx+ groups. There was no significant difference in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (SMD = - 12.40, 95% CI: -27.50 to 32.71, p = 0.11), International Knee Documentation Committee score (SMD = 8.67, 95% CI: -0.92 to 18.27, p = 0.08), visual analog scale score (SMD = - 0.20, 95% CI: -2.45 to 0.96, p = 0.57), Tegner's score (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: -0.67 to 1.18, p = 0.59), modified Cincinnati's score (SMD = - 4.58, 95% CI: -14.31 to 5.14, p = 0.36) and modified International Cartilage Repair Society pain score (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.55, p = 0.70) between the groups. Results of the pooled analyses of the MFx+ and MFx groups suggested that the MFx+ technique is slightly superior to the MFx technique for the treatment of articular cartilage defects of the knee. Further research is required and future studies should include assessments of the outcomes at long-term follow-ups. Trial registration number is PROSPERO CRD42019135803.

Augmented Microfracture Technique Versus Microfracture in Talar Cartilage Restoration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety between the microfracture (MFx) and augmented microfracture (MFx+) techniques for articular cartilage defects of the talus (OLTs). PubMed and EMBASE were searched from January 1950 to October 2020. Only randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies (retrospective and prospective) applying MFx and MFx+ techniques to treat talar cartilage defects were selected. Ten trials with 492 patients were included. There was significant difference in final American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score (AOFAS) (mean difference [MD] = 7.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.70-10.44; p < .01), AOFAS change (MD = 7.97; 95% CI, 4.27-11.66; p < .01), visual analog scale (VAS) change score (MD = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.59; p < .01), Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score (MD = 12.51; 95% CI, 7.16-17.86; p < .01), complication (RR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.69; p < .01), and revision (Relative risk = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.77; p < .05), between the MFx and MFx+ groups. No significant difference was observed for final VAS pain score (MD = -0.53; 95% CI, -1.2 to 1.05; p = .13) and Tegner scale (MD = 0.31; 95% CI, -1.05 to 1.66; p = .66) in either group. Our results suggest that augmented microfracture is superior to microfracture alone in the treatment of talar OLTs based on the AOFAS, MOCART, VAS score, complication rate, and revision ratio. Therefore, microfracture with augmentation should be considered as a treatment for OLTs of talus. However, more randomized trials are still required to determine the long-term superiority of MFx+.

Reconstruction of massive tibial bone and soft tissue defects by trifocal bone transport combined with soft tissue distraction: experience from 31 cases.

BACKGROUND: Large post-traumatic tibial bone defects combined with soft tissue defects are a common orthopedic clinical problem associated with poor outcomes when treated using traditional surgical methods. The study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of trifocal bone transport (TFT) and soft-tissue transport with the Ilizarov technique for large posttraumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients with massive posttraumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects from May 2009 to May 2016. All of the eligible patients were managed by TFT and soft-tissue transport. The median age was 33.4 years (range, 2-58 years). The mean defect of bone was 11.87 cm ± 2.78 cm (range, 8.2-18.2 cm) after radical resection performed by TFT. The soft tissue defects ranged from 7 cm × 8 cm to 24 cm × 12 cm. The observed results included bone union time, wound close time and true complications. The Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system was used to assess bone and functional results and postoperative complications were evaluated by Paley classification. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up after frame removal was 32 months (range, 12-96 months). All cases achieved complete union in both the elongation sites and the docking sites, and eradication of infection. The mean bone transport time was 94.04 ± 23.33 days (range, 63.7-147 days). The mean external fixation time was 22.74 ± 6.82 months (range, 14-37 months), and the mean external fixation index (EFI) was 1.91 ± 0.3 months/cm (range, 1.2-2.5 months/cm). The bone results were excellent in 6 patients, good in 14 patients, fair in 8 patients and poor in 3 patients. The functional results were excellent in 8 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 5 patients and poor in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: TFT, in conjunction with soft tissue transport technique, can give good results in most patients (in this article, good and excellent results were observed in 64% of patients). Soft tissue transport is a feasible method in providing good soft tissue coverage on the bone ends. Although it has no advantages over microvascular techniques, it might be an good alternative in the absence of an experienced flap surgeon. Nonetheless, high-quality controlled studies are needed to assess its long-term safety and efficacy.

Efficacy and Safety of Intra-Articular Cell-Based Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and secondary osteogenesis. Cell-based agents, such as mesenchymal stem cells, have turned into the most extensively explored new therapeutic agents for OA. However, evidence-based research is still lacking. METHODS: We searched public databases up to February 2020 and only included randomized controlled trials. The outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and serious adverse events (SAEs). A network meta-analysis was also performed in this work. RESULTS: We included 13 studies in the meta-analysis. The effect size showed that cell-based therapy did not significantly reduce the WOMAC score at the 6-month follow-up (standard mean difference [SMD] -3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.90 to 0.18; P = 0.1928). However, cell-based therapy significantly improved the KOOS at the 12-month follow-up (SMD 0.68; 95% CI 0.07-1.30; P = 0.0288) and relieved pain (SMD -1.05; 95% CI -1.46 to -0.64; P < 0.0001). The findings also indicated that high-dosage adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) may be more advantageous in terms of long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS: Cell-based therapy had a better effect on KOOS improvement and pain relief without safety concerns. However, cell-based therapy did not show a benefit in terms of the WOMAC. Allogeneic cells might have advantages compared to controls in the WOMAC and KOOS scores. The long-term effect of high-dose ADMSC treatment for OA is worthy of further study.