Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a lung transplant recipient.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a feasible therapeutic option for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis and high or prohibitive risk for standard surgery. Lung transplant recipients are often considered high-risk patients for heart surgery because of their specific transplant-associated characteristics and comorbidities. We report a case of successful transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a lung transplant recipient with a symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and end-stage renal failure 9 years after bilateral lung transplantation.

Oclusão do apêndice atrial esquerdo com o Amplatzer Cardiac Plug em pacientes com fibrilação atrial / Left atrial appendage closure with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug in patients with atrial fibrillation

FUNDAMENTO: A oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo (OAAE) surgiu como alternativa à anticoagulação oral (AO) para prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não-valvular (FANV). OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados imediatos e o seguimento clínico de pacientes submetidos a OAAE com o Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) em um único centro de referência. MÉTODOS: Oitenta e seis pacientes consecutivos com FANV, contra-indicação à AO e escore CHADS2= 2,6±1,2 foram submetidos a OAAE com implante de ACP. Realizou-se seguimento clínico e ecocardiográfico no mínimo 4 meses após o implante. RESULTADOS: Todos os implantes foram guiados apenas por angiografia. O sucesso do procedimento foi de 99% (1 insucesso por tamponamento cardíaco e consequente suspensão da OAAE). Houve 4 complicações maiores (o tamponamento já referido, 2 AVCs transitórios e uma embolização com retirada percutânea da prótese) e duas menores (um derrame pericárdico sem tamponamento e uma pequena comunicação interatrial evidenciada no seguimento). Houve 1 óbito hospitalar após 6 dias, não relacionado à intervenção. Todos os outros pacientes receberam alta sem AO. Após seguimento de 25,9 pacientes-ano (69 pacientes) não houve AVCs nem embolizações tardias de próteses. O AAE estava completamente ocluído em 97% dos casos. Seis pacientes apresentaram evidência de trombo sobre a prótese, que desapareceram após reinstituição de AO por 3 meses. CONCLUSÃO: OAAE se associa a um alto índice de sucesso, um índice aceitável de complicações e resultados promissores a médio prazo, podendo ser considerada uma alternativa válida à OA na prevenção do AVC em pacientes com FANV.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for prevention of thromboembolic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). OBJECTIVE: To describe the immediate results and short- to medium-term clinical follow-up (FU) of patients that underwent LAAC with Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) implantation in a single reference center. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with NVAF, contraindication to OA, and CHADS2 score=2.6±1.2 underwent LAAC with ACP implantation. Clinical and echocardiographic FU was performed at least four months after the procedure. RESULTS: All implants were guided by angiography alone. Procedural success was 99% (one patient suffered a cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis, and the procedure was waived). There were four major complications (the already mentioned cardiac tamponade, two transient ischemic attacks and one device embolization with percutaneous retrieval) and two minor complications (one pericardial effusion without clinical significance and one non-significant ASD evidenced at FU). There was one in-hospital death after six days, unrelated to the procedure. All other patients were discharged without OA. After 25.9 patient-years of FU (69 patients), there were no strokes and no late device embolization. The LAA was completely closed in 97% of the cases. Six patients showed evidence of thrombus formation on the device, which resolved after three months of OA. CONCLUSION: LAAC is associated with high success, acceptable complication rates, and promising FU results, and may be considered a valuable alternative or complement to OA for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF.

Left atrial appendage closure with the Amplatzer cardiac plug in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OA) for prevention of thromboembolic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). OBJECTIVE: To describe the immediate results and short- to medium-term clinical follow-up (FU) of patients that underwent LAAC with Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP) implantation in a single reference center. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with NVAF, contraindication to OA, and CHADS2 score=2.6 ± 1.2 underwent LAAC with ACP implantation. Clinical and echocardiographic FU was performed at least four months after the procedure. RESULTS: All implants were guided by angiography alone. Procedural success was 99% (one patient suffered a cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis, and the procedure was waived). There were four major complications (the already mentioned cardiac tamponade, two transient ischemic attacks and one device embolization with percutaneous retrieval) and two minor complications (one pericardial effusion without clinical significance and one non-significant ASD evidenced at FU). There was one in-hospital death after six days, unrelated to the procedure. All other patients were discharged without OA. After 25.9 patient-years of FU (69 patients), there were no strokes and no late device embolization. The LAA was completely closed in 97% of the cases. Six patients showed evidence of thrombus formation on the device, which resolved after three months of OA. CONCLUSION: LAAC is associated with high success, acceptable complication rates, and promising FU results, and may be considered a valuable alternative or complement to OA for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF.