RESUMEN
Incisional and parastomal hernias are frequent complications after abdominal surgery. Patients with relevant symptoms should be referred to the local surgical department for diagnosis and indication for surgery. Patients with giant and parastomal hernias are referred to one of the five Danish regional hernia centres. Patients with parastomal hernias often benefit from being referred to a stoma nurse. The most frequent complications after hernia repair are wound complications and recurrence. In case of severe wound infection, incarceration, or strangulation the patient must always be referred acutely, as argued in this review.
Asunto(s)
Hernia Ventral , Hernia Incisional , Estomas Quirúrgicos , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Hernia Incisional/cirugía , Hernia , Estomas Quirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Herniorrafia/efectos adversos , Dinamarca , Mallas Quirúrgicas/efectos adversos , Hernia Ventral/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Colonoscopy adverse events (AEs) are commonly underreported and standardised reporting is rarely used. We aimed to investigate AEs associated with colonoscopy in a real world setting, using the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) lexicon. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of AEs related to outpatient colonoscopies performed in the North Denmark Region from 2015 to 2018 identified AEs from readmission within eight days or death within 30 days of colonoscopy. AEs were investigated in electronic health records and categorised, attributed and graded according to the ASGE lexicon. RESULTS: Of 49,445 colonoscopies performed, 1141 were potentially associated with AEs (23.07). Electronic health record review left 489 AEs attributed to colonoscopy (9.9); categorised as cardiovascular (0.65), pulmonary (0.36), thromboembolic (0.10), instrumental incl. perforations (0.99), bleeding (3.07), infection (0.87), drug reactions (0.04), pain (2.00), integument (damage to skin/bones) (0.34) and other (1.62) AEs. Ten (0.20) AEs were fatal, but only one was procedure related (perforation). All shearing force perforations occurred in the sigmoid colon. Most polypectomy perforations occurred in the caecum (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy carries important procedure and non-procedure related risks. Non-procedure related AEs are likely underreported. Better attention to patients with pre-existing diseases and further colonoscopist training may lower AE rates. A standardised colonoscopy AE reporting system is warranted.